古龙断陷深层火山岩地震资料成像方法及应用研究

松辽盆地北部古龙断陷的地震地质条件复杂,三维地震资料品质较差,所以提高地震资料的信噪比和断陷期地层的成像精度是当前地震资料处理的研究重点.在提高地震资料信噪比方面,本文进行了十字交叉排列面波压制技术、压制规则干扰的减去法多次波压制技术和基于菲涅耳带原理的超面元技术的研究,这些技术的有效应用,对保护深层有效波的低频信号、...     

角度域弹性波Kirchhoff叠前深度偏移速度分析方法

为提高地震成像结果的准确性并真实反映实际地震波场在介质中的传播特性,应该充分利用多分量地震数据的矢量特征进行弹性波成像,其中,最为棘手的问题是纵横波偏移速度场的确定,为此,本文提出了直接利用多分量地震数据进行弹性波角度域偏移速度分析的方法.基于空移成像条件的弹性波Kirchhoff偏移方程提取了弹性波局部偏移距域共成像...     

河津地震序列的精定位研究

采用双差定位法,对2010年1月24日发生在山西河津与万荣交界的4.8级地震序列进行重新定位,结果显示,重新定位后,对于本次地震的发震构造,地震现场考察结果依据等震线图、余震分布特征,对震中区附近的主要活动断裂进行逐个排查分析,最终确定为NW向的西辛封断裂.     

不同水深条件下菹草(Potamogeton crispus)的适应对策

用盆栽试验方法,将菹草石芽种植在水下0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0、3.5、4.0m的花盆内,研究了水深梯度对菹草生长、繁殖和生物量分配的影响,得出在不同水深条件下,菹草的能量分配适应对策.结果表明:不同水深未影响菹草石芽的萌发,水深0.5 -4 m各实验组,菹草石芽的萌发率均达到70％以上,各实验组之...     

Synthesis of studies of palsa formation underlining the importance of local environmental and physical characteristics

This review presents a synthesis of four decades of palsa studies based on field experiments and observations mainly in Fennoscandia, as well as laboratory measurements. Palsas are peat-covered mounds with a permanently frozen core; in Finnish Lapland, they range from 0.5 to 7 m in height and from 2 to 150 m in diameter. These small landforms are characteristic of the southern margin of the discontinuous permafrost zone. Palsa formation requires certain environmental conditions: long-lasting air temperature below 0°C, thin snow cover, and low summer precipitation. The development and persistence of their frozen core is sensitive to the physical properties of peat. The thermal conductivity of wet and frozen peat is high, and it decreases significantly as the peat dries and thaws. This affects the development of the active layer and makes its response to climate change complex. The insulating properties of dry peat during hot and dry summers moderate the thawing of the active layer on palsas. In contrast, humid and wet weather during the summer causes deep thawing and may destroy the frozen core of palsas. Ice layers in palsas have previously been interpreted as ice segregation features but because peat is not frost-susceptible, the ice layers are now reinterpreted as resulting from ice growth at the base of a frozen core that is effectively floating in a mire.     

Facies characteristics and architecture related to palaeodepth of Holocene fjord–delta sediments

Lithofacies characteristics and depositional geometry of a sandy, prograding delta deposited as part of the Holocene valley‐fill stratigraphy in the Målselv valley, northern Norway, were examined using morpho‐sedimentary mapping, facies analysis of sediments in exposed sections, auger drilling and ground penetrating radar survey. Various lithofacies types record a broad range of depositional processes within an overall coarsening‐upward succession comprising a lowermost prodelta/bottomset unit, an intermediate delta slope/foreset unit containing steeply dipping clinoforms and an uppermost delta plain/topset unit. Bottomset lithofacies typically comprise sand‐silt couplets (tidal rhythmites), bioturbated sands and silts, and flaser and lenticular bedding. These sediments were deposited from suspension fall‐out, partly controlled by tidal currents and fluvial effluent processes. Delta foreset lithofacies comprise massive, inverse graded and normal graded beds deposited by gravity‐driven processes (mainly cohesionless debris flows and turbidity currents) and suspension fall‐out. In places, delta foreset beds show tidal rhythmicity and individual beds can be followed downslope into bottomset beds. Delta plain facies show an upward‐fining succession with trough cross‐beds at the base, followed by planar, laminated and massive beds indicative of a bedload dominated river/distributary system. This study presents a model of deltaic development that can be described with reference to three styles within a continuum related primarily to water depth within a basin of variable geometry: (i) bypass; (ii) shoal‐water; and (iii) deep‐water deltas. Bypass and deep‐water deltas can be considered as end members, whereas shoal‐water deltas are an intermediate type. The bypass delta is characterized by rapid progradation and an absence of delta slope sediments and low basin floor aggradation due to low accommodation space. The shoal‐water delta is characterized by rapid progradation, a short delta slope dominated by gravity‐flow processes and a prodelta area characterized by rapid sea‐floor aggradation due to intense suspension fallout of sandy material. Using tidal rhythmites as time‐markers, a progradation rate of up to 11 m year^?1 has been recorded. The deep‐water delta is characterized by a relatively long delta slope dominated by gravity flows, moderate suspension fall‐out and slow sea‐floor aggradation in the prodelta area.     

流体包裹体分析法在铀矿床研究中的应用——以相山铀矿田邹家山、沙洲矿床为例

矿物包裹体在形成过程中保存了所在地质环境及不同阶段的物理化学条件信息,并且其形成后没有外来物质的加入和自身物质的带出,因此对流体包裹体进行分析是研究成矿地质环境的重要手段之一。本文以相山铀矿田邹家山、沙洲矿床为例,采用流体包裹体分析法计算矿床的成矿深度和剥蚀厚度。结果表明,邹家山矿床成矿深度320～1640m,剥蚀厚度320～416m;沙洲矿床成矿深度38～1425m,剥蚀厚度190～240m,大体上与前人研究结论一致。Haas（1976）图解法在沙洲矿床成矿深度研究中比较接近合理,邵洁涟等（1986）的经验公式法在邹家山矿床成矿深度研究中最为合理,Bischoff et al.（1991）T-ρ相图法误差均较大。     

深地震探测揭示的华北及东北地区莫霍面深度

从20世纪70年代以来,在我国华北及东北地区进行了大量的深地震探测研究.本文通过对该地区的深地震探测研究的总结和梳理,探讨了该区的莫霍面深度与变化及其地球动力学意义.结果表明:华北地区最深的莫霍面出现在内蒙褶皱带内,最浅的莫霍面出现在渤海湾盆地.东北地区最深的莫霍面出现在大兴安岭地区,最浅的莫霍面出现在依兰-伊通断裂带...     

Metallogenic characteristics of the region of Northwest Hebei and analysis of ore prospecting potential in its peripheries

The region of Northwest Hebei is an area where Au-Ag polymetallic ore depsits are concentrated in Hebei Province. There were divided the Au ore-concentrated region with the magmatic-metamorphic diamictite zone as the center and the perpheral cover-strata zone and Ag-polymetallic metallogenic zone along the line of Xuanhua-Songli-Chicheng. Research on mantle branch structure indicates that Au-Ag polymetallic ore-forming materials come mainly from the deep interior of the Earth. The ore-forming materials tend to migrate upwards through the multi-stage evolution of mantle plume, and are concentrated as ores in the favourable tectonic expansion zone of a mantle branch structure. As viewed in plane, from the center to the periphery and as viewed in space, from the lower part to the upper part there exists Au-Ag-Pb-Zn zonation, as evidenced by drilling data from a number of mines. So, there is still great potential for ore prospecting in the region of Northwest Hebei.     

Effect of anti-slosh baffles on free liquid oscillations in partially filled horizontal circular tanks

An exact two dimensional hydrodynamic analysis based on the linear potential theory is introduced to study the free liquid sloshing characteristics of transverse oscillation modes in a non-deformable horizontal circular cylindrical baffled container which is filled to an arbitrary depth with an inviscid incompressible liquid. Three common baffle configurations are considered: a pair of internal rigid horizontal side baffles of arbitrary extension installed at the free liquid surface, and a surface-piercing or a bottom-mounted vertical rigid baffle of arbitrary extension positioned along the tank vertical axis of symmetry. The problem solution is obtained by the method of successive conformal coordinate transformations, leading to standard truncated matrix eigenvalue problems on simple (rectangular) regions which are then solved numerically for the resonance eigen-frequencies. The effects of liquid fill level, baffle arrangement and length upon the three lowest antisymmetric and symmetric sloshing frequencies and the associated hydrodynamic pressure mode shapes are examined. Also, convergence of the adopted approach with respect to the fill condition, and baffle type/extension is discussed. Limiting cases are considered and the validity of results is established in comparison with the data in the existing literature.