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981.
Macroporosity and infiltration in blanket peat: the implications of tension disc infiltrometer measurements 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Little is known about the processes of infiltration and water movement in the upper layers of blanket peat. A tension infiltrometer was used to measure hydraulic conductivity in a blanket peat in the North Pennines, England. Measurements were taken from the surface down to 20 cm in depth for peat under four different vegetation covers. It was found that macropore flow is a significant pathway for water in the upper layers of this soil type. It was also found that peat depth and surface vegetation cover were associated with macroporosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The proportion of macropore flow was found to be greater at 5 cm depth than at 0, 10 and 20 cm depth. Peat beneath a Sphagnum cover tends to be more permeable and a greater proportion of macropore flow can occur beneath this vegetation type. Functional macroporosity and matrix flow in the near‐surface layers of bare peat appear to have been affected by weathering processes. Comparision of results with rainfall records demonstrates that infiltration‐excess overland flow is unlikely to be a common runoff‐generating mechanism on blanket peat; rather, a saturation‐excess mechanism combined with percolation‐excess above much less permeable layers dominates the runoff response. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
982.
Dynamic and numerical methods are used to discuss the atmospheric response to SST thermal
forcing. The results show that for planetary scale systems, the standing SST thermal forcing can quickly excite a
stable atmospheric equilibrium state response, which is characterized by obvious large-scale teleconnection
oscillation in east-west and south-north directions. For synoptic scale systems, the SST thermal forcing mainly
excites the atmospheric low-frequency oscillation. Some basic relation and dynamic processes between SST
thermal forcing and atmospheric response pattern are revealed and some new viewpoints are presented. 相似文献
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Due to the limitation of site number, manpower and material resources, it is hard to gain a deep understanding of the plane distribution and internal structure of the thermal conditions by routine methods to study the thermal landscape characteristics of the ground surface. Using remote sensing method to study and analyze heat island effect has many advantages, such as high resolution, wide coverage and dense samples. In order to study, in advance and synchronously, the thermal distribution ch… 相似文献
987.
988.
Geodynamic characteristics of tectonic extension in the northern margin of South China Sea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Based on the geothermal and gravitation methods, this paper investigated the rheological and thermal structure of the lithosphere
under the northern margin of South China Sea. The result shows that the temperature of the upper crust is 150–300°C lower
than that of the lower crust, and the viscous coefficient of the upper crust is 2–3 orders of magnitude larger than that of
the lower crust. It reveals that the upper crust is characterized by brittle deformation while the lower crust by ductile
deformation. A channel of lower-viscosity should be formed between the upper and lower crust when the lithosphere is scattered
and spreads out toward ocean from northwest to southeast along the northern margin of South China Sea. And, a brittle deformation
takes place in the upper part of the lithosphere while a ductile deformation takes place in the lower part of the lithosphere
due to different viscous coefficients and temperature. The layered deformation leads the faulted blocks to rotate along the
faulting and the marginal grabens to appear in the northern margin of South China Sea in Cenozoic tectonic expansion. 相似文献
989.
Non-hibernating mammals that live in seasonal and arid environments change their non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) capacity to maintain homeothermy. Metabolic capabilities of animals, such as NST, are considered adaptive plastic traits because they have a broad range of possible phenotypes with different ambient temperatures (i.e. the reaction norm). Consequently, we determined the reaction norm for NST in Octodon degus (Bennett, 1832; mb=189 g) andPhyllotis darwini (Waterhouse, 1837; mb=61 g) from the mesic habitat of central Chile, and inPhyllotis xanthopygus (Waterhouse, 1837; mb=67 g) from the high Andean plains of northern Chile, an arid and seasonal habitat. Octodon degus showed a 22% increase in NST with thermal acclimation, whereas P. xanthopygus showed a 112% increase, and P. darwini showed a 117% increase in NST, being the largest change observed. These results are in agreement with our hypothesis of evolutionary inertia, which states that observed metabolic plasticity in Phyllotis species is consequence of their high Andean origin, in spite of the fact the actual habitat ofP. darwini is the less seasonal central valley of Chile. 相似文献
990.