两系杂交稻制种生产的气候生态诊断技术

两系杂交稻制种生产对气候生态条件有严格要求,确定制种生产基地时应当先对当地的气候生态适宜性进行科学地诊断与评估。该文系统地分析了气候生态条件对两系杂交稻制种生产的特定影响,提出了制种生产上应注重的两段气候生态安全期概念,研究了两段安全期的诊断评估方法,研制出了两系杂交稻种子生产时空择优气候服务系统,并据此确定了湖南全省两系杂交稻种子生产的适宜区域与时段。2000年初,湖南省有关部门采纳了此项建议,进一步规范了全省的两系制种生产管理。     

堤防工程安全评估中几个问题的探讨

在对国内外有关堤防工程安全评估研究工作调查的基础上,针对目前堤防工程的管理现状和发展前景,从堤防工程安全评价的含义、影响堤防工程安全的主要因素、影响因素的量化处理和权系数的选择、评估指标集的选取等几个方面对影响堤防工程安全评估进行了系统的探讨,并对堤防实时监测工作的几个环节给予了讨论。在此基础上初步形成了堤防工程安全评估的理论体系。     

NaCl在DMF和1,2-丙二醇混合溶剂中电导的研究

在283~308K温度范围内测定了NaCl在DMF和1,2-丙二醇混合溶剂中的电导率,根据公式求得NaCl的摩尔电导率值,应用Kohlrausch经验规则,使用Origin软件进行线性拟合,作图外推求得NaCl在DMF和1,2-丙二醇混合溶剂中的无限稀释摩尔电导率λ0值,并讨论了NaCl溶液的电导率、摩尔电导率、无限稀释摩尔电导率与温度和浓度的关系。     

AutoCAD平台上数字线划图的建库方法研究

通过对建立在AutoCAD平台上的数字线划图图元数据格式的探测 ,提取各类地理信息 ,在通用关系数据库系统中建立矢量数据库 ,并实现数字线划图中各种图元数据的自动入库及图元与数据库记录的链接 ,为目前存于AutoCAD平台下的数字线划图直接转入GIS提供了一种有效的方法     

应用多种测量软件对地图后期处理

随着电子地图的出现和各种测量软件的开发，地形图实现了美观化和统一化。而各种测绘软件提供的开放性，也使我们可以在不同的测绘软件中对地形图加以编辑和修改，充分利用各个测绘软件的优势。本文结合实际工作经验，针对具体工作中遇到的一些问题，利用各种测绘软件的结合，使一些问题得到解决，并使图形更趋于美观化。     

海洋测深网平差模型的可靠性分析

给出了海洋测深网平差模型在观测值等精度独立条件下的可靠性计算公式，理论分析指出，当检查线数小于3时，模型可靠性不好。对此，提出了一种适用于检查线数小于3的改化模型。并分析了1：1万比例尺3种水深图幅网结构的可靠性，指出检查线与测深线长度比为10%～15％对确定测深网的可靠性较为合适。     

一次切变线暴雨过程的诊断研究和数值试验

本文对1998年6月12～13日的一次长江中下游切变线暴雨过程进行了诊断研究并使用一个η坐标细网格暴雨数值模式对其作了数值试验。结果发现，与该暴雨过程相联系的β中尺度系统主要表现在低层的切变线及地面的β中尺度气旋，气旋的东移和发展引起长江中下游大范围强降水，在启动该场暴雨过程中，位势不稳定起了决定性的作用；深厚的β中尺度“涡柱”是该暴雨雨团的明显特征；地形对暴雨的强度和范围均有重要影响，该切变线强度对暴雨过程的降水量也有明显影响。     

Platinum-Group Element and Rhenium Concentrations in Low Abundance Reference Materials

One or two gram aliquots of twelve reference materials with low platinum-group element (PGE) abundances (Ir concentrations ranging from 30 to 510 pg g^-1) were analysed by isotope dilution ICP-MS using an on-line chromatographic matrix separation after acid digestion in a high pressure asher (HPA-S) to determine the concentrations of Ru, Pd, Re, Ir and Pt. Osmium concentrations were determined via ID-ICP-MS but as volatile OsO₄, whereas Rh concentrations were calculated by comparing the peak areas of the chromatographic peak with that of a standard solution. Validation of the method was performed and the concepts of traceability and measurement uncertainty were applied to assure comparability. The reference materials BCR-2, BHVO-1, BHVO-2, BIR-1, DNC-1, EN026 10D-3, MAG-1, RGM-1, SCo-1, SDO-1, TDB-1 and W-2 were investigated to test for their usefulness for certification. The use of TDB-1 is highly recommended because it is homogeneous at the two gram level and many values based on several different analytical procedures have been published. It is recommended that our efforts should focus on the certification of this reference material to reduce the uncertainties of its currently certified values (Pd and Pt only) and to assign certified values to the other PGE and Re. It is necessary to have at least one well-characterised RM for validation of methods applied to the analysis of PGE and Re in low abundance samples, although the matrix of TDB-1 might not completely match those of many samples.     

Isotope Dilution MC-ICP-MS Rare Earth Element Analysis of Geochemical Reference Materials NIST SRM 610, NIST SRM 612, NIST SRM 614, BHVO-2G, BHVO-2, BCR-2G, JB-2, WS-E, W-2, AGV-1 and AGV-2

We present data for the concentrations of eleven rare earth elements (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Er, Yb, Lu) in eleven international geochemical reference materials obtained by isotope dilution multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). We have analysed both rock powders and synthetic silicate glasses, and the latter provide precise data to support the use of these as reference materials for in situ trace element determination techniques. Our data also provide precise measurements of the abundance of mono-isotopic Pr in both glasses and powders, which allows more accurate constraints on the anomalous redox-related behaviour of Ce during geochemical processes. All materials were analysed in replicate providing data that typically reproduce to better than one percent. Sm/Nd ratios in all these materials also reproduce to better than 0.2% and are accurate to < 0.2% and can thus be used as calibrants for Sm-Nd geochronology. Our analyses agree well with existing data on these reference materials. In particular, for NIST SRM 610, USGS BHVO-2, AGV-1 and AGV-2, our measured REE abundances are typically within < 2% (and mostly 1%) of REE concentrations previously determined by isotope dilution analysis and thermal ionisation mass spectrometry, consistent with the higher degree of precision and accuracy obtained from isotope dilution techniques. Close agreement of results between basaltic glass reference materials USGS BHVO-2G and BCR-2G and the BHVO-2 and BCR-2 powders from which they were created suggests that little fractionation, concentration or dilution of REE contents occurred during glass manufacture.     

The coastal erosion and evolution of the Yellow River Delta abandoned lobe

A statistic analysis predicting coastal change of the Yellow River abandoned delta lobe formed from 1964 to 1976 using Landsat TM imagery was conducted by calculating the coastal erosion/accumulation rates obtained from four different classic profiles and plotting the change curves of coastline with time. The studies showed that the regularity of the evolution of the coastline was very obvious after the delta lobe was abandoned. The coastal evolution can be divided into three different phases: erosion phase, transition phase and cyclical change phase. At present, the coast has evolved to the cyclical change phase. The natural coastline change cycle is 4 years between the dam and is 5 years to the west of the dam. In the cyclical change phase, the quasi-equilibrium line of the coast was located near the coastline of 1996, the current coast may recede 1.79 km to reach the natural equilibrium coastline. Therefore, some measures must be taken to protect the dam or the dam will be destroyed by the force of nature. The curves also revealed the magnitude of erosion/accumulation rates would decrease gradually with time. The results of the study offer guidance for coast protection, and proves that the evolution of silty coast actually was a cyclical change process too.