表活剂对低渗裂缝性砂岩油藏渗吸驱油效果影响分析

由于低渗裂缝性油藏储集空间物理性质的复杂性和特殊性,渗吸效果控制着低渗透裂缝性油藏水驱开发动态与开发效果,而现场所采用的表面活性剂对渗吸驱油效果的影响将决定着措施成败。在分析油藏渗吸驱油机理基础上,通过对比实验研究,综合分析了不同种类和浓度表活剂对渗吸驱油效果的影响。总体上岩心渗吸驱油效率随表活剂浓度增加而降低,但一定浓度的,能较好的改善岩石表面润湿性的表活剂溶液将有助于渗吸驱油。这一研究为制定低渗裂缝性油藏合理的渗吸注水开发方式提供了理论依据。     

索佳SET×130R系列全站仪的维修

介绍了索佳SET×130R系列全站仪的常规检查和调整,维修程序,为技术人员在解决索佳全站仪常见故障和几种指标参数的校正提供参考.     

基坑及周边建筑物变形监测方案

结合某基坑变形监测项目,从观测墩及觇牌的设计、观测方法、精度估计等方面对基坑水平位移观测进行了介绍,并介绍了利用差异沉降量推算法进行倾斜观测的方法.     

厦门市二调数据成果1980西安坐标转换

根据第二次全国土地调查有关技术文件的要求,各地汇总和提交的成果资料的数学基础必须是1980西安坐标系,而当前许多城市的土地调查工作是基于地方坐标系进行的.本文以厦门市为例,从技术路线、实现方法、精度检查等方面就地方坐标系下的调查成果如何转换为西安坐标系进行了较为详细的探讨,为其他地区的类似工作提供了有益的借鉴.     

AutoCAD二次开发在绘制管线竣工图中的应用

介绍了通过AutoCAD二次开发绘制管线竣工图的方法,阐述如何实现数据文件导入CAD,长度统计,信息要素导入等功能.     

A protocol for classifying ecologically relevant marine zones,a statistical approach

Mapping ecologically relevant zones in the marine environment has become increasingly important. Biological data are however often scarce and alternatives are being sought in optimal classifications of abiotic variables. The concept of ‘marine landscapes’ is based on a hierarchical classification of geological, hydrographic and other physical data. This approach is however subject to many assumptions and subjective decisions.     

Analyses of the long-term salinity variability in the Bohai Sea and the northern Huanghai(Yellow) Sea

Based on the comprehensive collection of the field observed salinity of the Bohai Sea (BHS) and the northern Huanghai Sea (NHS) from the 1950s to the present,the patterns of 10-years-averaged salinity at the different layers in the recent five decades (the 1950s,the 1960s,the 1970s,the 1980s and the 1990s) are obtained by the spatial-temporal interpolation technique with the scrupulous data quality control in this study.Then,by combining the spatial-temporal interpolation technique with successive correction method,the annual distributions of salinity both in the BHS and in the NHS are obtained as well.The data analyses indicate that the overall salinity in the BHS and the NHS increases from the 1960s till the present,with the increase of annual mean salinity of 0.04 psu from the 1950s,and the maximum increase rate of salinity is about 0.14 psu/a in the Bohai Bay.The high salinity tongue extended significantly from the NHS into the BHS.The intensified eastern wind field is related to the western intrusion of the NHS warm current,which probably leads to the moving forward of the high salinity water mass into the BHS.However,it is rather different from the salinity distribution characteristics between the 1950s and the 1960s.The extensive precipitation in the 1960s could lead to an increase in the discharge of the Huanghe River,which might result in the decrease of salinity in the BHS.But the salinity isoline of 32 in the NHS still extended significantly into the BHS in the 1960s.Since the 1980s,the patterns of salinity distribution have changed thoroughly.The salinity in the central area of the BHS was low,while the salinity in the Bohai Bay and the Liaodong Bay was higher than the other regions with its horizontal salinity gradient decreasing in the 1980s.The Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis (EOF) is also conducted to study the interannual salinity variability of the BHS and the NHS.The correlation coefficient between the time coefficient series of the main mode and the Huanghe River discharge can reach -64.57%.It can be concluded that salinity variation of the BHS and the NHS has strong negative correlation with the Huanghe River discharge.     

末次冰期低纬度西太平洋硅藻席沉积与生态特征

硅藻在全球碳循环中发挥着重要的作用。"树荫种"硅藻在次表层水体中的勃发成席,并迅速埋藏成为硅藻席沉积,使人们逐渐意识到次表层生产在整个生产力及输出生产中起着重要作用。介绍了首次在低纬度西太平洋区域发现的硅藻席沉积的分布特征,硅藻席发现站位呈带状分布,大致呈北西-南东向展布,大部分散布在17.5°～20°N之间。采集到硅藻席沉积物的站位其水深在碳酸钙补偿深度(CCD)以下4837～6150m的深水区,多分布在较平坦的海底,且受风力和陆源物质输入影响相对较强的区域。该区域硅藻席的形成可能是由于末次冰期时该海区有大洋锋面的形成所致。该区域的成席硅藻Ethmodiscus rex(Wallich)Hendey为典型的"树荫种"硅藻,可以通过自身调节浮力的作用,在水体相对稳定的贫氧大洋中生存并勃发成席。末次冰期低纬度西太平洋硅藻席沉积的发生,可能使该区成为CO2的汇。     

末次盛冰期长江南京段古河槽特征

根据南京长江大桥、三桥、四桥的地质钻孔资料,绘制南京段长江古河槽地质剖面示意图,对拟建南京长江四桥附近的4个钻孔进行了采样分析,从钻孔沉积物样品的14C年代及阶地形成时间可以判断,南京段约-60~-90 m的深槽为末次盛冰期时的长江河槽,钻孔揭示,南京段长江古河槽狭窄陡峭,呈V型,在南京长江大桥附近形成局部深切。     

天然气水合物的上界面——硫酸盐还原-甲烷厌氧氧化界面

定义了海域天然气水合物成矿带的上界面。指出在地球深部存在最原始的、从根本上不依靠光合作用来生存的生命系统。根据对ODP岩心样品中微生物数量的统计,海底以下沉积层中的生物数量可能占据全球原核生物总量的70%,其生物总碳量和地球表面所有植物的碳总量相当。地球内部如此巨大的生物总量应该在地壳中的气体分布等方面起着重要作用。甲烷在地壳层中广泛存在,并主要是微生物成因的。微生物产甲烷的途径主要有两个,一是二氧化碳还原,另一个是醋酸盐发酵。相应地,参与产甲烷的微生物菌群主要是产甲烷菌和食醋酸菌。甲烷在沉积层中的厌氧氧化是一个不争的事实。该过程发生在海底以下一个非常局限的区带,称为硫酸盐还原-甲烷厌氧氧化区带。通常,这个区带很窄,仅为一个面,因此,硫酸盐还原-甲烷厌氧氧化区带又称硫酸盐还原-甲烷厌氧氧化界面。这是一个基本的生物地球化学界面,在功能上它起到屏蔽甲烷向海底和大气逸散的作用,是一个巨大的甲烷汇。甲烷的厌氧氧化同样是一个由微生物介导的过程,参与此过程的微生物主要是食甲烷古菌和硫酸盐还原菌。硫酸盐还原-甲烷厌氧氧化界面在海洋沉积层中一般深可达海底以下上百米,浅可至海底。此界面为天然气水合物的上界面,该界面以上没有甲烷...