南极长城站地区西湖底沉积物化学元素分布规律及其环境意义

利用南极长城站地区西湖底沉积物的化学元素背景值，对西湖底沉积物元素的时序分布规律及其指示的环境意义作了较细致的研究。研究表明，湖底沉积物元素的时序变化规律与站区自然环境变化密切相关。尽管元素的时序变化滞后于自然环境的波动，但对研究长城站地区自然环境演变仍具有一定的指示意义。尤其是Ｓ元素的异常变化，可能揭示出长城站地区两次规模较大的火山活动。     

Spatial Sampling Strategies for Mapping a Volcanic Ground Water Plume in Sierra Valey,California

Accurately mapping a region’s ground water quality depends upon the spatial sampling strategies employed, including where and how often field data are collected. This study compares the relative values of three field sampling strategies for mapping a known migrating plume of volcanic ground water in Sierra Valley, California. The first strategy sampled wells once each year during 1957, 1972, and 1980 (n=63, 45, and 57, respectively) and portrayed spatial–temporal changes in ground water quality more clearly on maps than did two alternative sampling strategies. One of these alternatives, Strategy 2, sampled one well per township per year during 1957, 1972, and 1980 (n=11) and did not detect the migrating plume, despite being a recommended strategy. The other alternative, Strategy 3, frequently sampled in time a small, fixed group of indicator wells (n=13) every four years for the same period, again producing maps with little correlation to the original pattern detected by Strategy 1.     

甘肃省及邻区6～7级地震前兆异常特征及其预测意义

在对１９８７～１９９５年度地震预测意见作回顾性检验的基础上，研究了甘肃省及邻区６～７级地震前兆异常的共性特征及地区性特征，研究结果表明，前兆异常时空分布不仅与强震大小有关，还与前兆台网布局和扣续强振的相关的位置有关。     

模糊分维及其在地震研究中的某些应用

在模糊集理论与分形理论的基础上,引进了模糊分维的概念;给出了模湖容量维D₀与模糊关联维D₂的定义与确定方法;讨论了模糊分维与常用的分维（清晰分维）的关系.给出了模糊分维在地震研究中的应用结果: 1.根据模糊容量维D₀随时间的上升趋势变化,可以划分出大地震活动的高潮期;由模糊容量维D₀与模糊关联维D₂随时间变化的曲线,可以分析识别大地震前的中长期前兆异常. 2.根据模糊容量维D₀随空间和时间的变化,可以划分出未来大震所在的地区,并可发现大震前数年D₀呈现增大或减小的趋势. 3.根据前兆数据的模糊时间分维D₀随时间的变化,可以发现大地震的短期前兆异常.     

Application of principal component analysis to understand variability of rainfall

The usefulness of principal component analysis for understanding the temporal variability of monsoon rainfall is studied. Monthly rainfall data of Karnataka, spread on 50 stations for a period of 82 years have been analysed for interseasonal and interannual variabilities. A subset of the above data comprising 10 stations from the coherent west zone of Karnataka has also been investigated to bring out statistically significant interannual signals in the southwest monsoon rainfall. Conditional probabilities are proposed for a few above normal/below normal transitions. A sample prediction exercise for June–July using such a transition probability has been found to be successful.     

Frequency characteristics of coda and determination of medium parameters in Lingwu region, China

In this paper, considering the influences of source spectrum, the scattering property of medium and instrument response on the dominant frequency of coda, a method of using the coda of local earthquake to determine the correlation length of medium andQ-value is given. We find the following formula as: {fx719-1} wheret* =t/Q, f is the dominant frequency of coda,u ₁ andu ₂ are the parameters depend on the correlation length and the corner frequency of the source spectrum respectively,I(f) is a function of instrument response. If the source parameter is given, we can obtain the correlation length andQ-value by means of the inversion of observed curves off-t of coda. We processed the data of coda wave of more than 40 earthquakes from 1982 to 1989 in Lingwu region, China, determined the correlation length andQ-value, and preliminarily studied the temporal change of correlation length before and after moderately strong earthquakes. The result suggests that there are indications that the correlation length of medium decreases before the moderate earthquake. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,14, 62–70, 1992.     

NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS FOR THE IMPACT OF ANTARCTIC ICE COVER AND SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE ON CLIMATE VARIABILITY*

By using a three-level atmospheric general circulation model(AGCM),we have completed several numerical experiments to study the impacts of sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) and antarctic ice cover anomaly(AICA) during 1981-1983 on climate variability.The results show that during the El Nino period of 1982-1983 the impact of SSTA overrides that of AICA.SSTA mainly affects equatorial zonal circulation and produces PNA wave train,and SE-NW wave train in East Asia to influence the weather of China.AICA produces west-east anomalous vortex streets in the middle latitudes of both hemispheres and affects the intensity of the polar vortex of Southern Hemisphere.     

国外有关海气系统年代际变率的机制研究

对近期国外有关年代际变率机制的诊断和模拟研究作了综合评述 ,着重介绍形成年代际变率的 5种主要机制 ,即热带海洋的强迫作用、中纬度的海气相互作用、温盐环流的作用、热带—中纬度的相互作用、海气之间的随机强迫作用机制 ,并简单阐述了作者的有关看法     

我国与寻找超大型矿床有关的基础研究进展

我国于1992年将超大型矿床基础性研究列入国家基础研究重大项目，已取得如下成果：确定了超大型矿床的定义和分类原则，发现了超大型矿床在矿化类型上的选择性和局限性，我国超大型矿床主要分布于克拉通边缘，铅同位素的地球化学急变带，地壳厚度急变带，碳酸岩系向碎屑岩系过渡带是超大型矿床产出的有利宏观背景；立足于寻找超大型矿床，提出了6个新的成矿域；确定了我国东部喜山期和南方晋宁期对金属成矿的重要意义。此外，还对邻国超大型矿床成矿带和成矿类型向我国延伸的可能性以及超大型矿床与矿床密集区时空展布及成因上的复杂性进行了研究，提出了独立银矿床及成矿带概念，对我国当前开展的超大型矿床基础研究作了概要介绍，简要评述了当今国际上超大型矿床研究趋势。     

长江经济带创新产出的空间特征和时空演化

本文以县(市、区)作为空间分析单元,以专利授权量作为创新产出指标,对1986-2014年长江经济带853个县域创新产出的时空特征进行ESDA分析。结果发现：①长江经济带创新产出的绝对差异在2001年前增长缓慢,其后增长迅猛,2012年后开始降低;相对差异呈现“增加—缩小—缓慢增加—缩小”的态势,其年度空间关联性呈增长趋势;②长江经济带创新产出县域分布呈现出分散、集中、相对集中扩散的态势,创新产出较高的县(市、区)为长三角地区地级市区、经济发达县(市、区)以及中西部地区省会城市市区;③显著空间关联类型总体格局稳定,局部变化明显,县(市、区)显著空间的关联类型以正相关类型为主,显著低低集聚关联类型占主导地位,低低集聚地区主要在西部地区,且有向中部扩展的态势;④长江经济带创新产出空间格局演变过程中,科技创新资源禀赋、教育水平与研发投入、技术溢出与扩散、政策与制度因素的作用较为显著。