渝利铁路青石岩段边坡危岩体稳定性评价及防治措施研究

渝利铁路青石岩段为深切河谷型边坡,该边坡表部岩体在风化缷荷作用下结构复杂且稳定性差。此外,浅表层岩体在降雨、地震及工程开挖等影响下,局部已经出现了不同模式不同规模的变形失稳现象,严重影响工程建设和运营期间的安全。因此,本文根据边坡岩体结构特征及风化缷荷特征等工程地质条件,结合不同失稳模式的危岩体,提出了相应的稳定性评价理论和方法。最后,针对不同规模和不同稳定状态下的危岩体提出了有效的防治措施。     

我国城市道路公共交通的现状分析及优先发展对策

私有车辆的迅猛增加是造成城市交通堵塞、环境污染加重、能源形势严峻的"祸首"。文章对我国城市道路公共交通不配套的优先发展政策、粗制滥造的公交规划设计和简陋的公交服务设施的现状进行了分析,提出应制定限定私权、扩大公权、鼓励人们使用高效率的交通工具等利于道路公交优先发展的政策以及编制科学的道路公交规划和道路公交设施配套建设时序的建议。     

番禺地区病险水库地质特点及加固对策

广州市番禺区目前尚在发挥效益的水库有15座,其中12座水库存在病害隐患,急需除险加固。基于工程地质勘察与评估工作,查明了辖区病险库的地质特点：坝身质量较差、坝基存在渗漏及渗透破坏问题、软基沉降变形和饱和砂土地震液化问题等,探讨了整险加固的工程措施,如加高加固大坝、防渗处理、抗地震液化加固等。结果为辖区病险水库整治提供技术支持,对国内类似水利工程整险加固有较好的参考价值。     

府谷矿区矿井涌水实例及突水因素分析

在分析矿区地质及水文地质条件的基础上,以冯家塔煤矿1201工作面为例,论述了府谷矿区矿井突水因素,认为大气降水、岩溶水和地表水是矿井充水的主要水源,断层、采煤形成的裂隙带是矿井充水的通道,小煤矿采空区是未来煤矿安全生产的重大隐患。运用突水系数和水文地质实验法,对矿区的突水危险区域进行了评价,指出井田西北部突水系数大于0.6,可能存在突水危险;清水川地堑断裂带内富水性及导水性弱,对煤层开采不会造成威胁。最后提出了加强矿井水文地质勘查、做好矿井涌水量观测等矿井防治水建议。     

四川某崩塌区危岩稳定性评价

汶川地震后,在地震灾区及影响区形成了大量的危岩崩塌地质灾害。通过对崩塌区地质灾害的调查,结合所收集的地质资料,分析了崩塌地质灾害的形成机制以及危害性,并选择区内典型危岩及断面,采用危岩体平面滑动法及岩有限元应力分析法,对崩塌区危岩体在各种工况条件下的稳定性进行评价。评价结果表明:有限元应力分析法与公式计算结果基本吻合,与实际情况基本一致。此结果可为崩塌灾害防治提供依据。     

内蒙古高原中东部地区137Cs背景值的确定方法(英文)

In isotope 137 Cs tracing studies, it is a premise to determine suitable 137 Cs reference inventory(CRI) plots and the CRI values. Owing to the heterogeneous spatial distribution of 137 Cs deposition in the ground and diverse, or even irregular, operations in sampling and testing procedures, CRI determination is usually faced with many difficulties and uncertainties. In addition, more difficulties occur in an investigation of a large-scale region because of time constraints and measurement cost limitations. In this study, traditional CRI acquiring methods were summarized first, and then a new complex scheme was established, involving seven core steps and coupling the model estimate and sample measurement. The above CRI determination methodology was implemented in the central-eastern Inner Mongolia Plateau. The case study results showed that the CRI in the dark chestnut soil sub-region, located in the east and south of Xing'an City, exhibited 2447 Bq·m–2; the CRI in the aeolian sandy soil sub-region, positioned in the south central Tongliao City and central Chifeng City, showed 2430 Bq·m–2; the CRI in the sandy chernozem soil sub-region, situated in the northwestern Chifeng City, presented 2384 Bq·m–2; and the CRI in the chestnut soil sub-region, in the southern Xilin Gol City, was 2368 Bq·m–2. The newly proposed CRI determination scheme was proved effective, and the determined CRI plots and CRI values were convincing. The methodology offered a framework for 137 Cs tracing studies in large-scale regions or long-distance transects.     

集安市净水厂滑坡灾害防治措施

集安市净水厂滑坡灾害位于丘陵区前缘,形成原因为大气降水入渗、风化裂隙水及净水厂渗漏水,改变了上覆松散岩层稳定性。滑坡为土质滑塌、滑动面为基岩面。防治工程措施为排水孔、排水沟、挡土墙。     

How to compare movement? A review of physical movement similarity measures in geographic information science and beyond

In geographic information science, a plethora of different approaches and methods is used to assess the similarity of movement. Some of these approaches term two moving objects similar if they share akin paths. Others require objects to move at similar speed and yet others consider movement similar if it occurs at the same time. We believe that a structured and comprehensive classification of movement comparison measures is missing. We argue that such a classification not only depicts the status quo of qualitative and quantitative movement analysis, but also allows for identifying those aspects of movement for which similarity measures are scarce or entirely missing.

In this review paper we, first, decompose movement into its spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal movement parameters. A movement parameter is a physical quantity of movement, such as speed, spatial path, or temporal duration. For each of these parameters we then review qualitative and quantitative methods of how to compare movement. Thus, we provide a systematic and comprehensive classification of different movement similarity measures used in geographic information science. This classification is a valuable first step toward a GIS toolbox comprising all relevant movement comparison methods.     

京西木城涧矿区窑坡组沉积体系及相关聚煤因素

通过实测剖面、岩矿鉴定、编制沉积断面图、砂体和煤层等厚图等资料分析,从京西木城涧矿区窑坡组中识别出湖泊沉积体系、河流沉积体系和沼泽沉积体系,并详细阐述了其成因相的岩相构成;在此基础上,指出窑坡组沉积早期为湖泊环境,主体沉积期为总体NE流向的网结河环境,其间伴随湖泊或河流周期性消亡而大面积泥炭沼泽化形成了稳定的可采煤层和含煤沉积旋回。富煤带总体呈NE50°～80°展布,与泥炭沼泽沉积期下伏不同沉积相的压实效应有关,后者通过影响地表起伏和积水深度,控制着泥炭的堆积速率和厚度。     

丽水地区地质灾害的人为因素分析与非工程性防治措施

丽水地区是浙江省地质灾害最严重的地区之一,近年来有多个县（市）发生了多起重大地质灾害事故,并遗留有多处灾害隐患点。从统计汇总上看,人为因素在丽水地区地质灾害发育及形成中起着十分重要的作用。本文分析了人为因素在地质灾害形成中的作用方式和途径,地质灾害的社会特性,并提出了非工程性防治措施。