地应力测量中钻孔偏心分析

将有限元数值法与解析解相结合,对载荷下探头钻孔偏心问题进行研究。研究结果表明,偏移量δ≤1/5时,径向位移误差均值＜15%,周向位移误差均值＜10%;偏移量δ≥2/5时,径向位移误差均值＞30%,周向位移＞25%;而当δ＞1/2时,误差值更大,具体的数值在实际工程中需进一步验证。     

长江口水体胶体有机碳的季节变化

为了探讨长江口水体胶体有机碳含量的季节变化, 按季度采集长江口南支表层水样, 利用切向流超滤技术(TFF)分离水样中小胶体物质(1—5kD)、中胶体物质(5—500kD)和大胶体物质(500kD— 0.45μm), 测试分离后样品的有机碳浓度。结果表明: 长江口水体中总胶体有机碳浓度有明显的季节变化, 表现为冬季>夏季>秋季>春季, 其原因可能是冬季长江流域陆源输入增加, 水生生物生物量和生物活性减弱双方面的共同作用使得含量最高, 而春季流域陆源有机碳含量输入较少, 且流域内春汛雨量多水量大对水体中有机碳浓度具有稀释作用, 从而导致该季节胶体有机碳含量较少。总胶体有机碳在不同分子量的分配上季节差异不大, 中胶体有机碳浓度及其在总胶体有机碳中所占的比例均高于小胶体有机碳和大胶体有机碳。由于长江口胶体有机碳的含量较高, 并有明显的季节变化, 对有机碳的入海通量和生物地球化学循环发挥重要的作用。     

弹脆性圆形煤巷应力跃升及冲击地压预测模型

为预测煤巷冲击地压灾害,将强冲击倾向煤视作理想弹脆性材料,建立圆形煤巷力学模型,分析煤巷围岩的应力和变形能密度分布特征,进而建立煤巷冲击地压预测模型,利用该模型预测冲击地压灾害风险。研究结果表明：弹脆性煤巷围岩的切向应力和变形能密度在弹性区与破坏区界面处发生跃升;煤体强度损伤度和地应力增大,煤巷破坏区半径增大,煤巷围岩切向应力和变形能密度跃升高度增大;切向应力跃升为煤巷失稳破坏提供了力源,变形能密度跃升为冲击地压发生提供了能量源;切向应力和变形能密度跃升高度越大,煤巷越容易失稳和冲击;基于切向应力和变形能密度跃升,建立了煤巷冲击地压解析预测模型,预测结果与现场冲击地压实际情况一致,从而为脆性煤巷冲击地压预测提供了一种新的方法。     

切向冻胀力的研究现状及展望

土体冻胀产生的切向冻胀力是制约寒区基础工程建设和使用年限的主要原因, 同时也是基础设计中的一个重要参数, 深入研究切向冻胀力问题意义重大。通过回顾国内外相关文献, 对切向冻胀力目前的研究现状进行了总结： 从切向冻胀力产生的条件和过程角度出发, 详细描述了切向冻胀力产生发展的机理; 阐述了影响切向冻胀力的因素和切向冻胀力的分布规律; 从试验、 理论两方面入手, 简要总结了切向冻胀力的测试方法和理论计算方法; 简述了目前确定切向冻胀力取值的方法。最后, 对切向冻胀力未来的研究方向提出了展望。     

在二维应力状态下地震触发砂土液化动应力条件

在二维应力状态下,地震在土体中不仅产生动水平剪应力τｈｄ,而且也引起在一般情况下不可忽略的竖向与水平动正应力关「σｖｄ－σｈｄ」／２,二者定义为动偏应力之二分量,均应是评估土体或土工结构物变形及其稳定性的主要因素。本文给出了在地震动偏应力二分量共同作用下,土单元中最大往返剪切作用面及其上最大动剪应力比「τｄ／σｓ」ｍａｘ的确定方法。据此,提出了地震触发砂土液化的应力条件及液化判别准则。     

Influence of the earth rotation on the interfacial wave solutions and wave-induced tangential stress in a twolayer fluid system

Interfacial waves and wave-induced tangential stress are studied for geostrophic small amplitude waves of two-layer fluid with a top free surface and a flat bottom. The solutions were deduced from the general form of linear fluid dynamic equations of two-layer fluid under the f-plane approximation, and wave-induced tangential stress were estimated based on the solutions obtained. As expected, the solutions derived from the present work include as special cases those obtained by Sun et al. (2004. Science in China, Ser. D, 47(12):1147-1154) for geostrophic small amplitude surface wave solutions and wave-induced tangential stress if the density of the upper layer is much smaller than that of the lower layer. The results show that the interface and the surface will oscillate synchronously, and the influence of the earth''s rotation both on the surface wave solutions and the interfacial wave solutions should be considered.     

Rossby参数β在涡旋Rossby波中的作用

利用尺度分析方法得到Rossby参数β在强涡旋中有着不可忽略的作用.在无基本气流径向切变的涡旋系统中,在Rossby参数β的作用下有涡旋Rossby波出现.由于涡旋Rossby波存在,从而破坏了涡旋系统的轴对称性,表现出非轴对称特征.在考虑切向基本气流的涡度径向变化时,涡旋Rossby波的频散关系同时包含了切向基本气流涡度径向切变项和β项的作用.一般情况下涡旋Rossby波在切向基本气流涡度径向切变的作用下有向外频散能量的特性,而β项的作用随方位角θ而变化,使涡旋能量频散不对称.     

Three‐dimensional numerical analysis of concrete‐faced rockfill dam using dual‐mortar finite element method with mixed tangential contact constraints

Concrete‐faced rockfill dam (CFRD) is a popular alternative to traditional dam types in the last two decades. The modelling of CFRD involves complex multi‐body contact and strong geometry and material nonlinearities. We present a numerical approach for the modelling of CFRDs in this paper. Based on the dual‐mortar finite element method, the presented approach considers different parts of rockfill and all concrete slabs as independent deformable continuum. The multi‐body contacts are modelled using Lagrange multipliers with a weak form segment‐to‐segment contact strategy. To alleviate instability induced by strong geometry nonlinearity in the slab–slab contact, we propose a mixed type of constraints for the tangential contact. A general transformation scheme is introduced to simplify the implementation of contact constraints. Three‐dimensional analysis of Tianshengqiao‐1 CFRD is performed. The nonlinear and time‐dependent deformation of the rockfill is considered. We study the influence of the rockfill deformation on the reliability of the concrete face. Three major concerns of the face, that is, the axial compression, the slab–slab separation and the face‐rockfill separation, are discussed in detail. The numerical results are compared with data from in‐situ observation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

圆形巷道围岩的环向应力及发生岩爆单元分布的数值模拟

利用FLAC模拟了不同水平方向压力（小于竖直方向压力）及岩石峰后不同脆性条件下的圆形巷道破坏过程。岩石服从莫尔-库仑剪破坏与拉破坏复合的破坏准则,破坏之后呈现应变软化-理想塑性行为。监测了模型中第1象限对角线上的单元环向应力分布及演化规律。根据徐林生和王兰生提出的环向应力岩爆判据,判断模型中各单元是否发生岩爆。模拟结果表明：当竖直方向压力一定时,随着水平方向压力的增加,V形坑的顶点和巷道中心的连线与模型水平轴的夹角,由小于45°向接近45°发展;同时,巷道围岩中发生破坏的单元数及发生岩爆的单元数均增加,环向应力的峰值增大。随着岩石峰后脆性的增强,剪切带趋于明显,容易汇合形成V形坑;同时,巷道围岩中发生破坏的单元数及发生岩爆的单元数均增加,环向应力的峰值向围岩内部移动。     

PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS ON THE INTENSITY AND STRUCTURE OF TYPHOON MORAKOT (2009) DURING ITS LANDING PROCESS

NCEP GFS(Global Forecast System)analytical data(available 4 times per day),satellite cloud image data and real-time observations of path and intensity of Typhoon Morakot are employed to investigate the variation of synoptic dynamics in its intensity and structure before and after the landing.This study intends to offer some hints for the forecast of intensity and structure of typhoons.Results show that in the tangential direction,the averaged asymmetry amplitude of wind on the radius of a large-value center of the low-level wind can be used as an important parameter for diagnosing the intensity of typhoons.Besides,the maximum of the upper dry potential vorticity in Morakot’s center tends to extend downward along the intensive gradient of tangential wind situated on the inner side of a large-value center of the low-level tangential wind.Additionally,the radial advection of the tangential wind determines the variation of tangential wind in conjunction with the vertical transmission of the tangential wind,the inertial centrifugal force and the Coriolis force.These four items are dominant in the motion equation of tangential wind based on a cylindrical coordinate without the effects of friction and turbulence.Moreover,the low-level convergence center of the typhoon has a tendency of shifting and developing along the intensive gradient of the tangential wind in the tangential direction.