Hydrographic Features off the Southeast Coast of Kyushu during the Kuroshio Small Meanders: A Case Study for Small Meanders that Occurred in 1994 and 1995 Spring

Three Kuroshio small meanders off the southeast coast of Kyushu that occurred during 1994 to 1995 were investigated by using satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height (SSH) maps, World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) Hydrographic Program (WHP) repeat section and Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) hydrographic observations. Based on the satellite data, we observed that the three small meanders are formed by different processes: the triggering and growth of these meanders are caused by a cyclonic eddy propagating from the Kuroshio recirculation region or Kuroshio front meanders traveling from the East China Sea. Investigation of the two small meanders in 1994 and 1995 spring that are captured by the WHP observation showed quite consistent hydrographic features. On the nearshore side of the meandering Kuroshio, a countercurrent appears, associated with vertically uniform upward lifts of the isopycnals from sea surface to bottom at the boundary between the countercurrent and the Kuroshio. In the countercurrent region, the waters in the density ranges of the North Pacific subtropical mode water (NPSTMW) and the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) are more saline and less saline than typical waters that the Kuroshio carries in a non-small meander state, respectively. There are indications that high-salinity NPSTMW and low-salinity NPIW distributed off the Kuroshio was supplied to the countercurrent region. In the meandering Kuroshio flow, while there is no notable change in properties around the NPSTMW density range, salinity of the NPIW is significantly higher than that carried by the Kuroshio in a non-small meander state, but not higher than that in the Kuroshio at the Tokara Strait, which suggests that saline NPIW from the Tokara Strait, less mixed with low-salinity NPIW off the Kuroshio, may be carried by the meandering Kuroshio. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Three-Dimensional Instability of Flow Around Two Circular Cylinders in Tandem Arrangement

The spatial evolution of vortices and transition to three-dimensionality in the wake of two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement have been numerically studied. An improved virtual body method developed from the virtual boundary method is used here. A Reynolds number range between 220 and 270 has been considered, and the spacing between two cylinders is selected as L/D = 3 and L/D = 3.5. When L/D = 3, the secondary vortices of Mode-A are seen to appear at Re = 240 and persist over the range of the Reynolds number of 240 - 270. When L/D = 3.5, the similar critical Reynolds number has been found at Re = 250. No obvious discontinuity has been found in the Strouhal-Reynolds number relationship, and this is different from three-dimensional flow around a single cylinder at the critical Reynolds number. The spanwise wavelength is about four times the diameter of the cylinder, and it is the characteristic wavelength for ModeA instability. This paper can give some foremost insight into the three-dimensional instability of flow by complicated geometrical configuration.     

Comparative Rates of Western Juniper Afforestation in South‐Central Oregon and the Role of Anthropogenic Disturbance*

We examine changes in canopy cover for adult western juniper from the 1960s to 1994 in central Oregon using repeat aerial photography. We compare changes at four sites with a land‐use history of minimal anthropogenic disturbance to changes on adjacent sites that have a disturbance history more typical of central Oregon rangelands. Canopy cover increased at all sites, but afforestation on sites with domestic livestock grazing was greater. The potential driving forces common to all sites include a long fire‐free interval, early twentieth‐century favorable climatic conditions, biological inertia, and atmospheric CO₂ enrichment.     

利用双脉冲重复频率解速度模糊的初步探讨

对多普勒天气雷达在实际探测中出现的测速模糊现象作了初步分析，探讨了出现测速模糊现象的原因及其识别方法。并以阿克苏3830多普勒雷达的观测实例，介绍了具体解决测速模糊现象的主要方法。     

初游者与重游者行为差异的比较研究

初游者与重游者的行为特征对旅游目的地的经营具有重要的意义,而国内对于两者行为的关注,尤其是其行为差异的实证研究缺乏.在实地调研的基础上,分析了初游者与重游者行为的差异,对比国外相关研究成果,总结出初游者与重游者在人口统计特征、旅行特征等方面的诸多差异,并讨论了我国旅游者中两类人群的特有行为特征,为旅行社及旅游目的地营销提供了有益的依据.     

八角形FPSO与穿梭油轮串靠外输中碰撞风险分析

针对300 m作业水深下的八角形FPSO,提出采用穿梭油轮串靠的外输作业方案,研究外输过程中穿梭油轮与FPSO之间由于过分纵荡运动而引起的碰撞风险发生概率。建立由八角形FPSO及其系泊系统、穿梭油轮、系泊大缆等组成的浮式多体系统分析模型,在外输海况条件下,得到穿梭油轮与FPSO间距的时历曲线,结合极值理论,对过分纵荡运动进行预报,进而对外输系统的碰撞风险进行分析;揭示海流的方向变化对于外输系统碰撞风险的影响规律。     

Tandem repeat arrays in the mitochondrial genome as a tool for detecting genetic differences among the ark shell Scapharca broughtonii

We found that tandem repeat (TR) arrays were present in the ark shell Scapharca broughtonii mitochondrial genome, and we demonstrated the efficiency of using this TR region as a tool for the detection of genetic differentiation. In samples collected from seven populations off the Japanese, Chinese, Russian and Korean coasts, five TR types with length ranging from 481 to 601 bp (base pairs) were found, as were 18 haplotypes (n = 155). All the Japanese samples from SD, IK, AM and KG, which represented four geographically distinct populations, had the same type of tandem repeat array, 481‐TR. All the samples from China and all but one sample from Russia had the same TR type, 511‐TR; these finding may be strong evidence that the ark shell populations in China and Russia are very similar. Based on a neighbor‐joining dendrogram of haplotypes, the Korean population was divided into two groups as follows: samples with haplotype H481‐3 and samples with haplotypes H601‐1, H601‐2, H601‐3 or H541‐1. Based on the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity, the Chinese, Russian and Korean populations showed a higher diversity than Japanese populations (P < 0.05).     

坛紫菜ISSR反应体系的建立与优化

为了利用ISSR分子标记技术对坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis)种质资源进行遗传分析及种质鉴定,获得清晰稳定、重复性好、多态性高的扩增结果,对影响ISSR-PCR扩增的多个因素,包括DNA模板含量、Mg2+浓度、TaqDNA聚合酶含量、引物浓度、dNTP浓度以及复性温度进行了全面比较和优化,建立了坛紫菜种质资源ISSR-PCR扩增的最佳反应体系:25μL的反应体系中含2.5μL 10×PCR缓冲液,5 ng模板DNA,2.5 mmol/L Mg2+,1.5 UTaqDNA聚合酶,200 nmol/L引物,200μmol/L dNTP。最佳PCR扩增程序:94℃预变性7 min;每个循环94℃变性1 min,48℃复性45 s,72℃延伸2 min,共进行35个循环;循环结束后72℃再延伸7 min。     

基于权重赋值法与灰色聚类法评价虾蛏串联养殖池塘的生态修复效果

水产养殖业的尾水排放已成为水域生态环境的污染源之一,为探究凡纳滨对虾-缢蛏串联养殖模式的生态修复效果,对凡纳滨对虾-缢蛏串联养殖池塘的水生态进行周年跟踪测定,并采用权重赋值法与灰色聚类法对其生态修复效果进行评价.结果 显示:串联模式下浮游植物的丰度介于6.8× 105～2.5×108 cell/L,生物量为2.04～6...     

长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)EST串联重复序列的组成和分布

长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)串联重复序列分析研究较少,为了研究其在基因组转录本的基本结构特征并为长牡蛎中遗传多样性研究中提供有益的信息,利用NCBI公共数据库中的57 139条长牡蛎ESTs序列对串联重复序列结构类型、分布、丰度等进行系统比较分析.分析结果表明:1)长牡蛎EST中共有小卫星串联重复序列8...