新型圆筒型FPSO串靠外输作业耦合水动力响应分析

针对1 000 m水深作业的新型圆筒型浮式生产储卸油系统（FPSO）,选择多点系泊FPSO和穿梭油轮串靠外输方案,分析串靠方案在中国南海的可行性。FPSO和穿梭油轮作业时两者之间相互影响的研究较为重要,通过ANSYS-AQWA建立水动力耦合分析模型,基于多浮体水动力学方法进行时域耦合仿真模拟。在FPSO作业海况下,分析了串靠外输时系泊锚链及系泊大缆的张力特性和两浮体的运动响应,对大缆的长度和刚度参数变化进行了分析。结果表明：串靠外输方案满足新型圆筒型FPSO的作业环境。随着系泊大缆长度增加,其张力最值逐渐减小,FPSO和穿梭油轮的最小间距逐渐增大。两浮体最小距离稳定在83 m左右。随着系泊大缆刚度增加,其张力最值增大,相比于大缆长度,大缆刚度对耦合系统的影响较弱。     

人/鲑降钙素嵌合基因在大肠杆菌中的串联表达

人工合成人/鲑降钙素嵌合基因,用同尾酶法构建多拷贝串联基因表达质粒pLEX-nCT(n=1,2,3,4,5)(单个降钙素基因之间用一段编码柔性连接肽的DNA连接),并在大肠杆菌GI724中表达。Western blotting结果显示,串联多肽具有人源降钙素的抗原性。     

NaCl Aerosol Particle Hygroscopicity Dependence on Mixing with Organic Compounds

Organic compounds in the atmosphere can influence the activation, growth and lifetimes of haze, fog and cloud droplets by changing the condensation and evaporation rates of liquid water by these aqueous aerosol particles. Depending on the nature and properties of the organic compounds, the change can be to enhance or reduce these rates. In this paper we used a tandem differential mobility analyzer (TDMA) to examine the effect of tetracosane, octanoic acid, and lauric acid on the hygroscopic properties of NaCl aerosol particles at relative humidities (RH) between 30 and 95%. These organic compounds have been identified in ambient aerosol particle samples. A slight lowering of the deliquescence relative humidity (DRH) and suppression of hygroscopic growth for the NaCl-organic compound mixtures were observed when compared to pure NaCl particles. The growth of pure NaCl particles was 2.25 in diameter at 85% RH while the growth of the mixed particles was 1.3 to 1.7 in particle diameter at 85% RH with organic mass fraction of 30–50%. This shows that these organic compounds have to be present in rather large mass fractions to effect the hygroscopic behavior to a similar degree observed for ambient aerosol during field measurements. Despite the mixing of the organic material with NaCl, hysteresis was observed for decreasing RH histories, suggesting the formation of metastable droplets. These laboratory results are strikingly similar to ambient field results. For example, if the total organic mass fraction of the particles is between 0.30 and 0.50, the particle growth at 85% RH is about a factor of 1.4 for the laboratory and field measurements. Such reduction in growth compared to the pure inorganic salt is in contradiction to speculations concerning significant effects by organic compounds on cloud condensation nuclei and thus formation on clouds.     

线纹舌鳎(Cynoglossus lineolatus)18S rRNA基因长片段复制:不等交换模型(unequal crossing over model)罕见的分子证据

尽管18S rRNA基因序列极其保守,但是在一些种类中仍然发现其存在序列多态性。本研究在线纹舌鳎18S rRNA基因中发现了3种差异显著的序列类型（Type A,B和C）,说明其为非协同进化,而不是严格遵循协同进化方式。基于以上三种类型序列GC含量、二级结构、最小自由能等差异,我们推测Type A和B可能是假基因类型。此外,在Type A类型中还发现了一段长达189 bp的重复序列。据我们所知,如此长的重复序列,这在硬骨鱼类核糖体基因中还是首次报道。通过比较分析产生重复序列常见的模型,我们认为不等交换模型最有可能解释该重复序列的形成。本研究结果不仅为不等交换模型提供了罕见的分子证据,而且为鱼类18S rRNA基因研究奠定了很好的基础。     

Numerical and Experimental Studies on the Propulsion Performance of A Wave Glide Propulsor

This paper introduces a newly developed Unmanned Wave Glide Vehicle (UWGV), which is driven only by extracting energy from gravity waves, and presents a comprehensive study on the propulsion performance of the UWGV’s propulsor―Wave Glide Propulsor (WGP) in a regular wave. By simplifying the WGP as six 2D tandem asynchronous flapping foils (TAFFs), a CFD method based on Navier?Stokes equations was first used to analyze the hydrodynamic performance of TAFFs with different parameters of non-dimensional wave length m and non-dimensional wave height n. Then, a series of hydrodynamic experiments were performed. The computational results agree well with the experimental results when n≤0.07 and both of them show the thrust force and input power of the WGP are larger at smaller m or larger n. By analyzing the flow field of TAFFs, we can see that a larger m is beneficial to the forming, merging and shredding of the TAFFs’ vortices; as TAFFs are arranged in tandem and have the same motions, the leading edge vortex and wake vortex of the TAFFs are meaningful for improving the thrust force of their adjacent ones.     

液质联用快速测定河鲀鱼肝脏中河鲀毒素含量的方法研究

采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)方法进行了河鲀鱼肝脏中河鲀毒素(Tetrodotoxin,TTX)含量的快速检测研究。河鲀鱼肝脏样品用1%乙酸甲醇溶液超声提取2次,正己烷脱脂后用C18和石墨化碳黑(GCB)混合吸附剂净化,冷冻高速离心,上清液经聚四氟乙烯-尼龙复合膜过滤;TSK-gel Amide-80 3μm色谱柱分离,乙腈和0.15%乙酸(含10mmol/L乙酸铵)溶液为流动相梯度洗脱进行HPLC-MS/MS分析。外标法定量测定。方法检出限为40μg/kg,在50~1 000μg/kg范围内线性关系良好。在河鲀鱼肝脏中添加50,75,100μg/kg TTX进行重复性试验,回收率在79.2%~105.3%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于9.0%(n=6)。本方法准确、灵敏、实用,节约时间和试剂,操作简单,易重现,满足目前对河鲀鱼肝脏中TTX含量快速定量检测的技术要求。     

Comparative mitochondrial genome analysis of Sesarmidae and its phylogenetic implications

Here, we sequenced the complete mitogenome of Parasesarma eumolpe (Brachyura: Grapsoidea: Sesarmidae) for the first time. The characteristics of this newly sequenced mitogenome were described and compared with other Sesarmidae species. The 15 646-bp mitogenome contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and an A-T rich region. All of the PCGs are initiated by the start codon ATN and terminated by the standard TAN codon or an incomplete T. The pairwise Ka/Ks ratio analysis shows that all 13 PCGs are under purifying selection, whereas the ATP8 gene is an outlier, with pairwise comparison values ranging from neutral selection (0.000) to positive selection (1.039). The gene arrangement of P. eumolpe compared with ancestral Decapoda shows the translocation of two tRNAs (tRNA-His and tRNA-Gln), which is identical to other Sesarmidae species. Phylogenetic analyses show that all Sesarmidae species are placed into one group, and the polyphyly of Eriphioidea, Ocypodoidea, and Grapsoidea is well supported. The relationship between gaps in the QIM region and the phylogeny of Sesarmidae is analyzed. It is obvious that both the G5 (the gap between Q and I) and G6 (the gap between I and M) decrease progressively with the evolution process. These results will help to better understand the genomic evolution within Sesarmidae and provide insights into the phylogeny of Brachyura.     

基于准动态模型的提油作业拖轮适用性分析

目前,由于串靠外输方式具有对船舶吨位差异及装载状况要求小、海况适应力强、系泊力小、解脱迅速等优点,而被广泛运用于浮式生产储卸油平台(FPSO)外输作业中。串靠提油作业时,位于穿梭油轮尾部的拖轮能够提供的最大有效拖力直接影响到了作业的安全性。为完善串靠提油作业时所需拖轮拖力的研究,提出更加合理的拖轮选型理论依据,就需要对拖力进行数值计算。首先,对FPSO与穿梭油轮串靠外输系统绕系泊单点旋转时所受风、浪、流等环境载荷进行全面考虑,建立了准动态受力平衡模型;然后,运用经验公式及AQWA软件计算出环境载荷大小,并依据计算结果拟合出环境载荷曲线;最后,配合受力平衡方程求解出能够保障作业安全进行所需的最小拖力。依照此方法计算所得拖力选取的拖轮能够兼顾作业安全性和使用经济性。     

纺织品中致癌性芳香胺电喷雾解吸电离质谱法测定

用甲醇-水-乙酸(体积比49∶49∶2)混合溶液作为喷雾溶剂,在优化实验条件下,将电喷雾解吸电离质谱(DESI-MS)用于各种质地纺织品中24种致癌性芳香胺的非破坏性快速检测,均获得满意结果。分析实际样品时,由于该方法无需样品预处理,单个样品单一指标的检测不到30 s,大大节省了分析时间,提高了分析效率。同时借助串联质谱的特异性,能够有效地避免实验结果的假阳性。方法对大部分芳香胺具有较高的灵敏度,二级质谱中特征离子的检出限一般为10-9g/kg。建立的方法能灵敏、快速、无损检测纺织品中的致癌芳香胺,精密度较好,对同一样品10次测量结果的相对标准偏差为5%~10%。     

线性剪切来流下串列双方柱绕流特性的数值模拟

为揭示线性剪切来流对串列双方柱绕流特性的影响,基于多步格式的特征线算子分裂有限元法,在计算域出口处采用对流边界条件,建立线性剪切来流的方柱绕流数值模型。对剪切参数为0~0.4的不同间距比下串列双方柱绕流数值模拟,结果表明:剪切来流可以抑制涡漩脱落,降低斯特劳哈数;上游方柱驻点随剪切参数的增加向高速侧移动,当剪切参数大于0.3时驻点的位置不再发生变化。进一步通过对比剪切参数分别为0和0.1的模拟结果发现:串列双方柱间隙内流场有无涡脱产生与该区域内水平方向时均速度场为负的区域是否连续有关;间距比和剪切参数通过改变方柱周围的速度场对作用于方柱表面的压力产生较大影响,迎流面与背流面的压力差剧增导致方柱平均阻力系数剧增。