Systematics, Behavior and Living Environment of Shantungosaurus Giganteus (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae)

On the basis of the taphonomy, osteological anatomy and ontogenetic variation, Zhuchengosaurus maximus Zhao et al., 2007 is considered to be synonymic with Shantungosaurus giganteus Hu, 1973 herein. This paper also deals with the life behavior of S. giganteus and the environment in which S. giganteus lived. S. giganteus is considered to be a terrestrial and gregarious herbivorous dinosaur and lived in hills and intervales in warm weather with plentiful rain and flourishing vegetation.     

Paliurus (Paliureae,Rhamnaceae) from the Miocene of East China and its Macrofossil-based Phylogenetic and Phytogeographical History

The extant genus Paliurus Miller is divided into P. ramosissimus and P. spina-christi groups and is diagnostically characterized by distinctive orbicular-winged fruits with a trilocular （or often bilocular） ovary and basally triveined leaves with a subentire to serrate margin. Here, structurally preserved winged fruits and associated compressed leaves of Paliurus （Paliureae, Rhamnaceae） are reported from the Middle-Upper Miocene Shengxian Formation of Tiantai, Zhejiang, eastern China. The fruits can be identified as Paliurus microcarpa Xiang-Chuan Lisp. nov., the diagnostic characters of external morphology and anatomy of which differ from those of both extant and fossil generic members; the leaves can be designated as Paliurus sp. The species based on winged fruits, P. microcarpa, might represent an ancient intermediate link exclusively known across the P. ramosissimus and P. spina-christi groups, showing a closer affinity to the P. ramosissimus group based on the resemblant smaller fruits with a narrower wing, and to the P. spina-christi group based on the similar wing structure and texture, respectively. Morphological analyses of the present and previous fossil fruit records around the world indicate that diversification of Paliurus had begun in northern transpacific regions by the Late Eocene. The macrofossil records, i.e., fruits and leaves of Paliurus globally when projected on paleoenvironmental maps in view of changing continental positions through time （from Eocene to Miocene） display that the past distribution of the genus was much wider than the present and belongs to a tropical and warm temperate realm of the Northern Hemisphere. Therefore, the modern restricted disjunction in tropical and warm temperate regions of East Asia and South Europe （even eastwards West Asia） might represent glacial refugia for some of the generic ancient lineages to survive severe cold at least since the terminal Pliocene.     

甘肃阳山金矿碳氢氧同位素与成矿流体来源

甘肃文县阳山金矿的探明黄金储量已达308t,平均品位4.74g/t,是我国地质勘查储量最大的金矿床.该矿床产于西秦岭造山带,是一个同碰撞形成的类卡林型金矿床,矿体受EW向韧脆性剪切带控制,赋矿围岩为泥盆系碳质千枚岩-板岩-碳酸盐-硅质岩和侵入其中的花岗斑岩脉.热液石英的流体包裹体之δ13CCO2(PDB)值为-2.5‰～-5.6‰,δ13CCH4(PDB)值为-23.1‰～-32.6‰,说明成矿流体来源于碳酸盐地层或相似岩石建造的变质或/和改造脱水作用.该结论尚被流体氢氧同位素研究结果所证明,成矿早阶段和主阶段流体的δ18OW值介于9.5‰～15.3‰,δDW值为-86‰～-73‰.两件矿化晚阶段流体的δ18OW氧分别为2.7‰和6.8‰,表明有强烈的大气降水热液混入.总体而言,成矿流体系统从早到晚、从深到浅.由变质热液演变为大气降水热液.特别补充说明,上述研究结果和认识与我们根据流体包裹体和矿床地质研究得出的结论相吻合.     

河南大湖金钼矿床成矿物质来源的锶钕铅同位素约束

河南灵宝大湖金钼矿床位于小秦岭金矿田北缘,属典型的断控脉状矿床.前人较好研究了矿床流体包裹体和成矿年代,但对成矿物质来源研究薄弱.本文对16件矿石硫化物及5件赋矿围岩样品进行了Sr-Nd-Pb同位素分析,金属硫化物I_(Sr)=0.70470～0.71312,平均0.70854;(~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd)_i=0.51143-0.51215,平均0.51162;(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i=17.033～17.285,(~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i=15.358～15.438,(~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i=37.307-37.582,平均值分别是17.162,15.405,37.440.5件太华超群样品I_(Sr)=0.70947～0.73201,平均0.72294;(~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd)_i=0.51076～0.51133,平均0.51107;(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i=17.127～18.392,(~(207P)b/~(204)Pb)_i=15.416～15.604,(~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb)_i=37.498～37.814,平均值分别是17.547,15.470,37.616.Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征表明成矿物质来源具壳幔混合特征,初始成矿流体可能来源于亏损的残余洋壳,并通过成矿过程的水岩相互作用与太华超群混合;据此认为,在218Ma年左右,秦岭地区的陆陆碰撞造山作用并没有结束,而仍在进行之中.     

广西喀斯特洞穴蛹状螺科一新种记述（腹足纲，新进腹足亚纲，古扭舌目）

中国的蛹状螺科（Pupinidae）迄今共报道5属,分别为拇指螺属（Pollicaria A.A. Gould, 1856、拟圆口螺属（Pseudopomatias Möllendorff, 1885）、蛹状螺属（Pupina Vignard, 1829）、小蛹螺属（Pupinella Gray, 1850）、象蛹螺属（Rhaphaulus L. Pfeiffer, 1856）和裂唇螺属（Coptocheilus Gould, 1862） （ = Schistoloma Kobelt, 1902）。除拟圆口螺属和裂唇螺属有过详细整理报道外,其他各属物种仍缺乏研究。本文对中国小蛹螺属（Pupinella）进行了分类整理。本属此前共记录3种,即具槽小蛹螺（P. sulcatus）,台湾小蛹螺（P. swinhoei）和梅山小蛹螺（P. masuhowaruensis）,仅分布于广西和台湾。笔者在整理由华南农业大学田明义教授洞穴考察团队在广西壮族自治区河池市都安瑶族自治县一喀斯特洞穴中采集的陆生贝类时,经鉴定发现小蛹螺属一新种,即田氏小蛹螺（Pupinella tiani sp. nov.）,因其壳体具蛹状管、无内沟槽、壳表肋纹明显及壳口窦开放等特征而与本属其他物种区分。根据壳体形态特征,分布于云南的勐仑蛹状螺（Pupina menglunensis） 被转移到本属,并认为Pupinella frednaggsi为其一新异名。此外,还提供了中国小螺属分种检索表。田氏小蛹螺新种 （Pupinella tiani Z.-Y. Chen, sp. nov.）模式标本：正模,广西壮族自治区河池市都安瑶族自治县龙湾乡琴棋村一号洞,23°52′19′′N,108°16′02′′E,海拔466 m,2013年12月24日,田明义、刘卫欣、尹昊旻、罗孝竹采集。副模：2个,采集信息同正模。正副模标本均保存于河北大学动物博物馆软体动物馆藏中。测量：正模标本,壳高：11.30 mm,壳宽：4.62 mm,壳口直径：3.80 mm。副模标本（n=2）,壳高：11.24~11.38 mm,壳宽：4.50~4.56 mm,壳口直径：3.64~3.82 mm。词源学：本种名源自标本主要采集人田明义教授。描述：贝壳小型,高圆锥形,有6.5个浅色且稍有光泽的螺层。胚螺层约有2.5个,粗糙,边界与下部螺层较难明显区分。主螺层有细而规则的肋纹,肋纹随着螺层的增加而逐渐明显,体螺层上每1 mm有15个肋纹;体螺层的腹侧稍扁平;壳口圆形,平直;唇缘外扩,白瓷色,边缘被一腔襞沟槽和一近壳轴沟槽;腔襞沟槽和壳轴沟槽为半圆形的开放槽,不形成管状。壳轴缺沟槽与基部龙骨相对应,在胼胝处消失。脐孔狭窄。厣形态未知。描别：本种因其开放的沟槽和壳轴沟槽内管阙如而与中国其他物种区分。台湾小蛹螺与本种在尺寸和外形上最相近,但新种可通过其细尖的壳顶和不具双唇结构而于前者区分。详见正文的检索表。附记：本种仅知分布于模式产地。模式标本从洞口土样中分离,同时发现的有微拟沼螺属（Acmella W.T Blanford, 1969）的标本。     

Elemental and Sr–Nd isotopic systematics of the early Mesozoic volcanic sequence in southern Jiangxi Province, South China: petrogenesis and tectonic implications

Elemental and Sr–Nd isotopic results are presented for the early Mesozoic volcanic sequence (~172 Ma) in southern Jiangxi Province, South China. The sequence is voluminously composed of ~45% subalkaline basaltic rocks (group 1), <5% high-mg andesite–dacites (group 2) and ~50% rhyolites (group 3). The group 1 rocks are characterized by (La/Yb)_cn = 3.8–7.2, Eu/Eu* = 0.65–1.15, Nb/La = 0.64–0.99, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(t) = 0.70602~0.70822 and _Nd(t) = –1.63 to +0.11, similar to those of an EMII-like source. The group 2 rocks have mg=0.42~0.60, SiO₂=60.24~66.71%, MgO=2.65~ 5.54%, Ni=24~102 ppm and Cr=84~266 ppm, classified as high-mg andesitic rocks. These rocks are more enriched in LILEs and LREE with more significant negative Eu anomaly (0.63~0.79), are more depleted in HFSEs with Nb/La ratios of 0.40–0.56 and have lower _Nd(t) (–9.44 to –7.78) and higher ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(t) (0.70985~0.71016), in comparison with the group 1 rocks. They most likely originated from metasomatised veins in the lithospheric mantle. The origination of the group 1 and group 2 magma suggests the development of a peridotite-plus-vein lithospheric mantle during early Mesozoic era beneath the interior of the Cathaysian block. The group 3 rhyolites are characterized by high SiO₂ (72.75~77.97%), Zr (99~290 ppm), Hf (3.9~9.7 ppm) and Ga/Al (2.76~3.87) and significant Nb–Ta, Ba–Sr and P–Ti depletions. These rhyolites exhibit Sr–Nd isotopic compositions (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(t) = 0.70962~0.71104, _Nd(t) = –4.63 to –5.80) similar to the contemporaneous Zhaibei and Pitou A-type granites in the area. Such characteristics suggest that they might be derived from the underplating basaltic magma contaminated by crustal materials. Therefore, an early Mesozoic rifting model in response to intracontinental lithospheric extension is proposed to account for the early Mesozoic volcanism in southern Jiangxi Province, South China.     

Comparative Morphology, Ecology, and Fatty Acid Composition of West Indian Spheciospongia (Demospongea)

Abstract. The morphological variability of the common West Indian loggerhead sponge, Spheciospongia vesparium, is examined in light of the latest morphological and ecological information and new biochemical criteria, that is, composition and concentration of fatty acids. A typical and a yellow ecophenotypical form are distinguished. Comparing this species with its next relatives in the same zoogeographical region it is found that S. othella, first described from Bermuda, cannot be maintained as a separate species. S. cuspidifera, previously misinterpreted as "Xestospongia tier-neyi", is confirmed as a distinct species of Spheciospongia, whereas "Prianos" tierneyi is considered a morphological variant of S. vesparium.     

海洋浮游甲壳类分子系统学研究进展

回顾海洋浮游甲壳类系统学研究的基础上，综述了生化水平和DNA(mtDNA和核DNA)水平的分子系统学研究现状。分子标记中DNA序列分析最为常用，其次是RFLP和RAPD分析，mtDNA主要应用于分类学、群体遗传学、种间分子进化和系统发育重建研究，而核DNA则应用于科以上较高阶元的系统发育和种内、近缘种间的遗传结构和遗传分化研究。最后对存在的问题和应用前景进行了展望。     

麻黄属的起源时间讨论

利用分子钟对麻黄属起源时间的估测和基于带有生殖特征的大化石标定的最小起源时间有很大的差距,分子钟估测麻黄属起源于古近纪的渐新世,而大化石则标定麻黄属起源不晚于早白垩世巴列姆期.麻黄属化石和分子钟结果之间的冲突至少有三种不同的解释:即古近纪瓶颈、古老支系缓慢绝灭和频繁的基因交流减缓了分子进化速率.本文的分析表明古老支系缓...     

Rb‐Sr systematics of the Coolgarra Batholith,North Queensland

The Coolgarra Batholith in north‐east Queensland is composed of the Go Sam and Nettle granite suites which were emplaced approximately 314 Ma ago. Initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of the Nettle Suite appear to be marginally above 0.710, a value characteristic of a wide range of Late Palaeozoic felsic igneous rocks in the region. This suite appears to have been derived from an extensive isotopically homogeneous crustal source distinct from rocks which crop out in the Palaeozoic Hodgkinson Basin or Precambrian Georgetown Inlier. Higher and more variable initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.727–0.744) of the Go Sam Suite are attributed to a combination of magmatic and hydrothermal processes. Isotopic data, thus, cannot be used to constrain the nature of the Go Sam source rocks. Tungsten (with or without tin) mineralization is associated with the Nettle Suite plutons, with which it shares a common age, whereas the Go Sam Suite is characterized by prominent tin mineralization. One tin occurrence is the same age as, or only slightly younger than, the Nettle Suite tungsten (with or without tin) mineralization. Another tin deposit yields an age of 301 Ma, suggesting the presence of a significantly younger granite at depth.