中国叠合型盆地复合含油气系统的基本特征

中国叠合型含油气盆地具有演化历史漫长、多阶段构造演化、充填层系多的特点。所发育的含油气系统常具有油气混源、多储集层系、运聚方式组合多变与成藏期次多的特点 ,很难用Magoon和Dow( 1994 )的概念对其进行确切描述。文中从中国含油气系统的特点出发 ,提出了“复合含油气系统”的概念 ,并建立相应的划分及评价方法。中国复合含油气系统有叠置型、运聚变异型、相向汇聚型、断层贯通型、油气分异型、共盖型及改造型等 7种常见类型 ,每一叠合盆地含有上述 1种或多种类型。如中国中西部前陆克拉通叠合型盆地以冲断带断层贯通型与前陆斜坡不整合面运聚型为特色 ,而东部断陷坳陷叠合型盆地则以叠置型复合含油气系统为主 ,南方残留新生型叠合盆地则以改造型复合含油气系统占主导 ,因此每类盆地的复合含油气系统的特点与勘探手段并不一致。复合含油气系统描述是油气勘探战略选区的基础 ,油气运聚单元的划分与评价则是制定油气勘探方向的关键 ,现代勘探技术的综合配套应用是提高中国复合含油气系统勘探成效的根本保证。     

煤田资料的铀矿二次开发技术及其找矿意义——以二连盆地ZS煤田铀矿点的发现为例

在中国北方主要盆地铀矿地质调查工作中,煤田自然伽马异常作为主要矿化信息和找矿线索,为一系列铀矿床(点)的快速发现奠定了坚实基础。为进一步提高煤田资料铀矿二次开发的高效性和准确性,运用水成铀矿理论,以中国二连盆地ZS煤矿区典型铀矿点的发现为例,初步探讨了煤田资料的铀矿二次开发技术,提出了"异常筛选与选区分析、原位验证与环境判别、等时地层格架建立与沉积体系分析、综合分析与靶区定位"四位一体的煤矿区铀矿地质调查模式。这对中国北方含煤盆地铀矿地质调查工作提供了新的找矿思路和技术路线,具有较重要的指导意义。     

利用RFID技术进行项目现场测绘控制点的管理

在项目施工过程中测绘控制点管理非常重要,本文提出了基于RFID技术进行项目施工现场的测绘控制点的管理方式,完成了测绘控制点从纸质的手工管理到计算机自动化管理的转变,可以方便、快捷、准确地进行控制点的查找和现场定位以及点位的安全报警和重要点监控。     

An analytical study on three‐dimensional versus two‐dimensional water table‐induced flow patterns in a Tóthian basin

Although it has been increasingly acknowledged that groundwater flow pattern is complicated in the three‐dimensional (3‐D) domain, two‐dimensional (2‐D) water table‐induced flow models are still widely used to delineate basin‐scale groundwater circulation. However, the validity of 2‐D cross‐sectional flow field induced by water table has been seldom examined. Here, we derive the analytical solution of 3‐D water table‐induced hydraulic head in a Tóthian basin and then examine the validity of 2‐D cross‐sectional models by comparing the flow fields of selected cross sections calculated by the 2‐D cross‐sectional model with those by the 3‐D model, which represents the “true” cases. For cross sections in the recharge or discharge area of the 3‐D basin, even if head difference is not significant, the 2‐D cross‐sectional models result in flow patterns absolutely different from the true ones. For the cross section following the principal direction of groundwater flow, although 2‐D cross‐sectional models would overestimate the penetrating depth of local flow systems and underestimate the recharge/discharge flux, the flow pattern from the cross‐sectional model is similar to the true one and could be close enough to the true one by adjusting the decay exponent and anisotropy ratio of permeability. Consequently, to determine whether a 2‐D cross‐sectional model is applicable, a comparison of hydraulic head difference between 2‐D and 3‐D solutions is not enough. Instead, the similarity of flow pattern should be considered to determine whether a cross‐sectional model is applicable. This study improves understanding of groundwater flow induced by more natural water table undulations in the 3‐D domain and the limitations of 2‐D models accounting for cross‐sectional water table undulation only.     

Google地图应用之广东省地区JOPENS地震速报系统

利用Google公司提供的电子地图服务,以B/S结构(即浏览器和服务器结构)作为系统设计架构,监听JOPENS实时系统发送的地震触发消息,访问JOPENS数据库,根据广东省地区的监测要求,制定检索、筛选策略,获取地震详细信息,显示在浏览器网页上.采用Google地图的JOPENS地震速报系统可以使地震信息发布的显示内容...     

袁河流域强降水的天气背景与回波特征分析

为了更好地监测预警江西袁河流域强降水天气,使用江西雨量资料、欧洲中心格点（1°×1°）再分析资料和江西雷达回波等资料,对袁河流域5次大暴雨过程进行分析,结果表明：（1）袁河流域强降水天气形势场是925～700 hPa切变线、低层辐合高层辐散中心、西南气流达到12～18 m·s-1等因素影响;T-LnP图上整层水汽充沛,可降水量在75 mm以上;降水前低层累积不稳定能量CAPE（1000 J/Kg）和对流抑制能CIN（100 J/Kg）。（2）强降水回波的组合反射率CR在50 dBz左右,回波顶高在13 km左右,垂直积分液态水含量在12 kg·m2左右;40 dBz回波顶高在6～7 km,45 dBz回波顶高在6.5 km以下。（3）强降水和回波强度dBZ成正相关,随降水的增强,回波明显增强;当回波强度≤20 dBz时,雨强几乎不变;当回波强度在20～35 dBz之间,雨强随回波强度增加而缓慢加大;当回波强度在35～50 dBz之间,雨强随回波强度加大明显增加;而当回波强度≥50 dBz时,雨强反而趋于下降或维持。研究结果对袁河流域强降水的监测预警和预报服务有指导意义。     

青岛市短时强降水的气候特征和天气系统分型

利用1981—2012年4—10月青岛市7个观测站逐时降水量资料和同期NCEP再分析资料,统计分析青岛市短时强降水的时空分布特征,建立青岛市短时强降水天气概念模型。结果表明：青岛市年短时强降水日数无明显变化趋势;4—10月均有短时强降水出现,7—8月是多发月份;短时强降水的日变化有2个多发时段,主峰在下午到傍晚时段,次峰在凌晨时段;即墨、平度、黄岛为青岛市短时强降水的多发区域,其中黄岛为连续性短时强降水出现最多的区域;青岛市产生短时强降水的天气系统可分为六种类型,西风槽型、横槽型、冷涡型、热带低值系统型、西北气流型、切变线型,其中西风槽型出现次数最多。     

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基于ROMS模式利用集合最优插值同化沿轨海表面高度异常数据的研究

The ensemble optimal interpolation （EnOI） is applied to the regional ocean modeling system （ROMS） with the ability to assimilate the along-track sea level anomaly （TSLA）. This system is tested with an eddy-resolving system of the South China Sea （SCS）. Background errors are derived from a running seasonal ensemble to account for the seasonal variability within the SCS. A fifth-order localization function with a 250 km localization radius is chosen to reduce the negative effects of sampling errors. The data assimilation system is tested from January 2004 to December 2006. The results show that the root mean square deviation （RMSD） of the sea level anomaly decreased from 10.57 to 6.70 cm, which represents a 36.6% reduction of error. The data assimilation reduces error for temperature within the upper 800 m and for salinity within the upper 200 m, although error degrades slightly at deeper depths. Surface currents are in better agreement with trajectories of surface drifters after data assimilation. The variance of sea level improves significantly in terms of both the amplitude and position of the strong and weak variance regions after assimilating TSLA. Results with AGE error （AGE） perform better than no AGE error （NoAGE） when considering the improvements of the temperature and the salinity. Furthermore, reasons for the extremely strong variability in the northern SCS in high resolution models are investigated. The results demonstrate that the strong variability of sea level in the high resolution model is caused by an extremely strong Kuroshio intrusion. Therefore, it is demonstrated that it is necessary to assimilate the TSLA in order to better simulate the SCS with high resolution models.     

T639数值产品对影响新疆主要系统的预报检验评估

使用T639L60模式2009—2010年1°×1°分辨率72 h预报时效内的高度场预报产品及ECMWF客观分析场,采用天气学检验方法,对新疆主要天气影响系统(西西伯利亚低槽、乌拉尔大槽、北方横槽和中亚低值系统)数值产品的预报能力进行检验。主要从影响系统生成时间、中心强度、槽线位置、移动速度4个方面进行检验。检验结果表明:T639模式对新疆影响系统具有较好的预报性能,尤其对48h内的预报能力非常高。但因影响系统和预报时效不同其预报能力也有较大差异,对越深厚的低槽系统,T639模式的预报效果越好;T639产品对西西伯利亚低槽和乌拉尔大槽出现时间预报偏早的较多,而北方横槽和中亚低值系统偏晚的多;对西西伯利亚低槽和中亚低值系统槽线位置预报偏快的较多,而乌拉尔大槽和北方横槽偏慢的多。