基于李代数积分的薄层多重散射消除技术

目前消除薄层多重散射的影响主要采取Q值补偿和Levinson算法的预测反褶积.Q值补偿经常存在不稳定问题,且会加强高频噪音;Levinson算法的预测反褶积受阶数限制,层数多时不稳定,且容易伤害有效波.本文采用基于李代数积分的薄层反射系数Picard迭代反演技术来消除这种地层滤波效应.本文将微分方程e指数解方法用于预测算子方程,提出一种称为李代数积分的新方法,给出了预测算子和地层反射系数序列的关系式,普通O'Doherty-Anstey公式为该关系式的一阶李代数表达,高阶李代数积分是对一阶李代数积分的修正.同时基于该关系式本文提出了Picard迭代反演算法由预测算子求取地层有效反射波,并分析了不同阶李代数反演效果.模型试验和实际应用说明该算法消除薄层多重散射的可行性和可靠性.依托李代数积分本身的优点,该算法快速、稳定、收敛.     

重力异常图中的边界增强和提取技术

对比了重磁勘探领域中4种典型的边界增强方法：Tilt导数、Tilt导数的水平梯度、Theta角和归一化的标准偏差,它们都能放大与边界有关的高频异常。增强后异常幅值极大值与地质体边界对应的情况可用近似边界法自动提取,而异常幅值拐点与边界对应的情况可以引入Canny边界检测算子来提取。理论模型试验表明：用Canny算子提取Tilt导数图边界与用近似边界检测法提取其它边界增强图的边界相比,前者提取的边界位置与真实位置更吻合,虚假边界更少。应用该方法对梅山铁矿的局部重力异常进行了处理,勾画出铁矿的大致范围。     

基于Access VBA的高斯投影程序设计

测量工作中,经常需要进行不同椭球下的高斯投影正算、反算与换带计算,如果用手工完成,不仅计算量庞大,而且容易出错。文中首先介绍了高斯投影的公式,然后利用Access在处理批量数据的优势,结合VBA编写了计算程序,实现了任意椭球下的高斯投影正算、反算与邻带坐标换算的单点和批量计算。通过实例验证了程序的准确性及实用性,可以满足工程需要。     

修正算子γB00的物理含义解释

本文依据球面波传播原理和介质阻尼效应解释了修正算子的物理含义,解释结果表明加修正算子γB0^0后的多次透射公式考虑了介质的几何扩散特性,或引入了介质的阻尼特性。最后,通过分析比较,指出基于球面波传播原理的物理解释更符合实际。     

曲流河沉积亚相的地震识别方法

河道边缘的识别是河流相储层精细描述的重点。受河道叠置、交叉,砂体厚度薄,地震信噪比、分辨率低等因素影响,传统的切片解释、相干技术难以满足精细勘探的需求,新发展的基于算子处理的边缘检测仍存在应用误区。本文以分析河道边缘的几何特征为切入点,明确一阶导数、模值及二阶导数的物理含义;建立具有不同速度特征的三维河道模型,并通过模型与实际资料相干属性的提取,指出该项技术在河道精细描述中存在的问题。针对该问题以Sobel算子为例,图解说明使用此项技术处理后河道边缘的标志性特征,提出采用直方图均衡化与模糊集理论的河道边缘相干增强技术,并取得较好的应用效果。该方法技术对深化河道边缘特征的认识,提高河流相储层识别能力,有一定的借鉴作用。     

Tomography for Q of the Eastern Section of the Tianshan Area from High-frequency Attenuation of S-wave

Based on the waveform data of 5,076 local earthquakes recorded at 25 stations in Xinjiang during the period from 2009 to 2014 and the observation reports provided by the Xinjiang Digital Seismic Network,a data set of 19,140 attenuation factors t*is obtained by fitting the high-frequency attenuation of S-wave spectra with a genetic algorithm. The spatial distribution of Q_S is determined by inverting the t*data with seismic tomography. The results show that the average Q0 in eastern Tianshan is 520,and there is a significant correlation between the Q_S value distribution or attenuation characteristics it disclosed and the surface structure of the study area. The Q_S value is lower in the intersection area of the mountain basin which is located on the north and south sides of the Tianshan Mountains,and the high Q_S distribution is more concentrated inside the Tianshan orogenic belt. The M≥6. 0 earthquakes have been basically located in the Low-Q_S region since 1900. 24 high heat flow points in eastern Tianshan are located at the north and south of Tianshan Mountains where low Q_S exists,indicating a negative correlation. In addition,there is a positive correlation between the velocity structure and the attenuation structure in the study area,which reflects the consistency of the 2-D attenuation structure with the velocity structure and the two-dimensional density structure.     

A fuzzy set based approach for integration of thematic maps for landslide susceptibility zonation

Spatial prediction of landslides is termed landslide susceptibility zonation (LSZ). In this study, an objective weighting approach based on fuzzy concepts is used for LSZ in a part of the Darjeeling Himalayas. Relevant thematic layers pertaining to landslide causative factors have been generated using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. The membership values for each category of thematic layers have been determined using the cosine amplitude fuzzy similarity method and are used as ratings. The integration of these ratings led to the generation of LSZ map. The integration of different ratings to generate an LSZ map has been performed using a fuzzy gamma operator apart from the arithmetic overlay approach. The process is based on determination of combined rating known as the landslide susceptibility index (LSI) for all the pixels using the fuzzy gamma operator and classification using the success rate curve method to prepare the LSZ map. The results indicate that as the gamma value increases, the accuracy of the LSZ map also increases. It is observed that the LSZ map produced by the fuzzy algebraic sum has reflected a more real situation in terms of landslides in the study area.     

On the validity of a model for the reversals of the Earth's magnetic field

Abstract

We have used techniques of nonlinear dynamics to compare a special model for the reversals of the Earth's magnetic field with the observational data. Although this model is rather simple, there is no essential difference to the data by means of well-known characteristics, such as correlation function and probability distribution. Applying methods of symbolic dynamics we have found that the considered model is not able to describe the dynamical properties of the observed process. These significant differences are expressed by algorithmic complexity and Renyi information.     

一种快速的震害评估方法——基于区域的遥感影像差值分割提取技术研究

根据建筑物在高分辨率遥感影像中“面”的特征,对差值法提取倒塌建筑物技术进行改进,将多阈值分割、类别筛选和数学形态学运算等概念引入差值法后处理过程中,提出基于区域的差值分割提取技术,并将新方法引入到完好建筑物的提取.通过对汶川地震中都江堰市某个街区进行计算,使用改进后的新方法进行评估,并与面向对象的方法和目视判读方法进行...