Origin of layering in cumulate gabbros in the Oman ophiolite: Insights from magnetic susceptibility measurements in the Wadi Sadm area

Abstract   Magnetic susceptibility and the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility were measured on an 800-cm-thick succession of cumulate gabbro in the Sadm area of the Oman ophiolite. The section contained three distinct cumulate units. The susceptibility tends to decrease upward in each from a melanocratic layer (several tens of centimeters thick) to a leucocratic layer (a few meters thick). The susceptibility decreases in accordance with the decreasing number of magnetite grains, which are the alteration product mainly of olivine minerals. This suggests the cyclic downward accumulation of olivine in the cumulate gabbro. The apparent strain deduced from the patterns of magnetic and grain fabrics was the result mostly of simple shear, so that the layering of gabbro is understood to be formed primarily by a crystal cumulus process followed by simple shear deformation.     

Topographic predictors of susceptibility to alluvial fan flooding,Southern Apennines

The flooding susceptibility of alluvial fans in the Southern Apennines has long been neglected. To partly address this oversight, we focus on the region of Campania which contains highly urbanized piedmont areas particularly vulnerable to flooding. Our findings are based on stratigraphic analysis of the fans and morphometric analysis of the basin‐fan systems. Using geomorphological analysis we recognized active alluvial fans while stratigraphic analysis together with statistical analysis of the morphometric variables was used to classify the fans in terms of the transport process involved. The results indicate that in the geological context examined, the best discrimination between debris flow (Df) and water flood (Wf) processes is achieved by means of two related variables, one for the basin (feeder channel inclination, Cg) and one for the fan (fan length, Fl). The probability that an unclassified fan belongs to group Wf is computed by applying a logistic function in which a P value exceeding 0.5 indicates that a basin/fan system belongs to group Wf. This important result led to the classification of the entire basin/fan system data. As regards process intensity, debris flow‐dominated fans are susceptible to the occurrence of flows with high viscosity and hence subject to more severe events than water flood‐dominated fans. Bearing this in mind, the data gathered in this study allow us to detect where alluvial fan flooding might occur and give information on the different degrees of susceptibility at a regional scale. Regrettably, urban development in recent decades has failed to take the presence of such alluvial fans into account due to the long recurrence time (50–100 years) between floods. This paper outlines the distribution of such susceptibility scenarios throughout the region, thereby constituting an initial step to implementing alluvial fan flooding control and mitigation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

茶园沟泥石流易发性综合评价

本文基于模糊数学中多级综合评判的理论与方法,运用专家调查打分法确定各评价因子的权重,并结合茶园沟泥石流灾害的具体特点、成因和机理,选取典型的评判因子,建立二级评判模型,对茶园沟泥石流易发性进行二级模糊综合评判。     

菲律宾海西北部岩芯记录的125 ka以来的地磁场强度及其影响因素

沉积物记录的地磁场强度首先提供了模拟地磁场演化的数据约束,其次提供了沉积物的年龄信息. 本文报道了菲律宾海西北部岩芯记录的地磁场相对强度,并结合岩石磁学和沉积学性质探讨了影响强度的各个因素. 除底部红粘土层的局部磁偏角偏转可能揭示了沉积后改造以外,磁化率各向异性和地磁场方向特征表明沉积物为原状沉积. 岩石磁学性质表明沉积物符合磁性均一性,可以记录可靠的地磁场强度. 由于红粘土层及其下部的磁偏角异常,本文讨论其上部约125 ka的结果. 常规归一方法获得的两个地磁场强度参数NRM/ARM(特征剩磁和非磁滞剩磁比值)和NRM/κ(特征剩磁和磁化率比值)与其它记录对比得到时间-深度对比点,对比点之间的年龄为线性内推或者外推. 地磁场强度时间模型上的岩芯氧同位素与全球氧同位素综合曲线一致证明强度结果的有效性和对比的正确性. 磁化率为归一参数的强度大多低于以非磁滞剩磁为归一参数的强度,频谱和相关分析证明NRM/ARM不与ARM和磁性矿物粒度(ARM/κ)相关,也没有轨道周期性,而NRM/κ却与κ和ARM/κ相关,而且有13~12 ka的周期. 由此我们认为NRM/ARM记录的地磁场强度比NRM/κ更好地消除了气候印记. 进一步探讨了超顺磁含量、碳酸钙含量、磁性矿物组成以及磁性矿物粒度变化与地磁场强度差值的关系,发现末次间冰期较高的超顺磁含量和磁性矿物粒度的较大范围变化造成了地磁场强度差值,后者至少造成了90%差异. 中等含量的碳酸钙和较小的磁性矿物组成变化不是磁场强度差值产生的原因. 如何校正磁性矿物粒度变化的影响将是下一步工作的重点.     

3．0T磁共振的临床应用特点研究

本文对3．0T磁共振信噪比、磁敏感性效应、电介质效应、化学位移效应、驰豫时间和特殊吸收率5方面的特点、优势与不足进行分析和研究,帮助了解3．0T的一些基本物理知识,正确认识3．0T的临床应用价值,扬长避短,充分发挥其在临床和科研方面的优势。     

磁化率对大地电磁响应的影响研究

本文推导了物质的磁化率大于自由空间的情况下的二维大地电磁(MT)正演计算公式. 利用有限差分法实现了其正演计算,获得了电磁场的分布. 详细地讨论了磁化率对MT响应的影响,证实了磁化率主要影响磁场信号的同相分量,而对磁场信号的异相分量和电场信号的影响比较弱. 当磁化率κ≥0.01时,在某些低频点的视电阻率值可以增加5Ωｍ左右,并且随着磁化率增加,这种增加的幅度显著增大;而对阻抗相位的影响则非常小. 新的认识为高磁化率物质存在的地区观测到的MT数据解释提供一种新的研究思路.     

significance of high-resolution loess stratification based on grain size and magnetic susceptibility analysis to paleo-earthquake study: a case study of dongyugou loess section,at hongtong,shanxi province

As an important technology to paleoseismologic research, trenching has been used to identify paleo-earthquakes recorded in strata, combined with dating technology. However, there have been some bigger uncertainties and limitations. For instance, subtle strata in loess sediment cannot be interpreted only by naked-eye, which seriously affects identifying paleo-earthquake horizon and time. Therefore, how to improve the accuracy and reduce the uncertainty of paleo-earthquake identification is the important problem we are currently facing. Dongyugou loess section, located in the northeastern corner of Linfen Basin, Shanxi Province, cuts across the Huoshan piedmont fault. The section exposes not only the well-developed loess sequence, but also several obvious faulting events. Thus, this loess section is a better site to make a high resolution study to improve the accuracy and reduce the uncertainty of paleo-earthquake identification. Based on the high-resolution grain size and magnetic susceptibility analysis, and associated with visual interpretation by naked-eye, we made a high-resolution stratification of Dongyugou loess section, including high-resolution thickness of each stratum and its upper and bottom boundaries. Based on the high-resolution stratification and their comparison between two fault walls, we identified three earthquake events, which occurred after formation of u5-7, u4 and u2, corresponding to their stratification depth of 7.1m, 4.7m and 2.9m in hanging wall. Based on results of OSL dating and average sedimentation rate of hanging wall, we estimated that the three events occurred around 45.8ka(between (48.1±1.5)～(43.2±2.5)ka), 32.8ka(between (35.0±2.4)～(30.6±1.3)ka) and 23.3ka(between (26.4±0.8)～(20.9±0.7)ka). According to the thickness difference of three loess-paleosol sedimentary cycles between two fault walls, we calculated the coseismic vertical displacements of the three events as 0.5m, 0.4 and 1.3m, respectively. Compared with other segments of the Huoshan piedmont fault zone, we found the southernmost segment is the weakest, with longer recurrence interval of about 11ka and lower vertical slip rate of 0.048mm/a. The high-accuracy grain size and magnetic susceptibility analysis offers an effective method for reducing the uncertainties of the paleo-earthquake research in loess area.     

盆地基底岩性的综合地球物理预测方法——以松辽盆地滨北地区基底岩性预测为例

预测盆地基岩岩性不仅对于研究盆地的深部地质结构及盆地的形成演化具有重要的意义,而且也对基岩风化壳油气藏的勘探具有一定的指导作用.本文通过对盆地重、磁异常成因的综合分析,提出了一系列盆地基底岩性综合预测研究的综合地球物理资料处理解释方法技术.指出在地震构造界面的约束下采用重力剥皮技术可以较为可靠地获取基底岩性重力异常并分析了界面密度差对剥皮后基底岩性重力异常的影响,给出了等效密度差的求取方法.分析了基底起伏对基岩岩性磁异常的影响,指出采用"平化曲"将磁异常归化到与基底同一高度,可以有效地提高对基底岩性体的刻画能力.通过综合分析认为:应用基底的相对视密度、相对视磁化率及两者的相关系数可以有效地刻画基底岩性的特征.神经网络是基底岩性判别与分类的有效方法技术.通过对松辽盆地北部滨北地区的基底岩性的综合预测显示了本文系列预测基底岩性方法的有效性,预测结果反映了松辽盆地基底岩性的分布特征.该系列方法技术可为其他盆地的基底地质填图提供了可借鉴的综合预测方法技术.     

The Loess in the Qinling Mountains and Its Records of Palaeoenvironmental Changes

The Fengzhou loess section is very typical in the Qinling Mountains. The section, which is about 82 m thick and underlain by Neogene red clays, consists of 33 layers of loess and 33 layers of palaeosol. It covers the Brunhes normal polarity zone and Matuyama reversed polarity zone, and the B/ M boundary is located in the middle part of loess layer 8 (L8). The loess of the Matuyama reversed polarity zone records the Jaramillo, Olduvai and Reunion normal polarity subchrons. The boundary between the Matuyama reversed polarity zone and Gauss normal polarity zone (M / Ga) appears on the lithological boundary between loess and Neogene red clays. Loess accumulation in the Fengzhou section started before 2.48 Ma B.P. Based on the stratigraphical structure, the material composition and magnetic susceptibility curve of the Fengzhou loess section, the palaeoclimatic changes during the last 2.48 Ma in the Qinling Mountains are subdivided into 66 cold-dry and warm-humid stages, equivalent to 33 climatic cycles. The     

冀鲁豫交界区岩石圈磁场异常分布与磁化率结构分析

利用重磁反演软件,对2017年8月冀鲁豫交界区流动地磁总强度数据进行处理并解析延拓,研究该区岩石圈磁场及其深部、浅表磁场异常分布特征与地下介质磁化率结构的性质。结果表明:冀鲁豫交界区岩石圈磁场异常分布是岩石圈浅表与深部磁异常综合叠加的结果,岩石圈地下介质的浅表与深部磁化率结构具有一定差异性,且受断裂控制呈分段性特征,可能与该区域复杂的岩石圈磁化率结构及地质构造有关。