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71.
The climatology of intense winter cyclone events in the eastern North Atlantic responsible for high magnitude surge generation (top 1% of events) within the region of the South-Western Approaches to northwest France and southwest England is extracted from daily sea-level and 500-hPa level atmospheric pressure analyses. Cluster analysis yields discrete cyclone track regimes linked to upper airflow patterns being responsible for the generation of intense storms (central pressure at sea-level ≤990 hPa) which promote severe surge events ≥60 cm along the French coast of the South-Western Approaches. Fluctuations in storminess are strongly influenced by the southward intrusion and strengthening of the jet stream in mid-Atlantic. These occurrences are often associated with negative sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies near Newfoundland and a strengthening of the thermal gradient across the Atlantic well to the south of its normal position. Resultant cyclogenesis promotes storms displaying a delay in minimum central pressure attainment until well east of 14°W, encouraging enhancement of surge flow. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicates that the most influential variables in promoting severe surge events in the South-Western Approaches are trans-Atlantic sea surface temperature gradients. The most important influence is the prevailing west–east sea surface temperature gradient during the month of the storm, followed by that for the prior month of the storm and thirdly, the north–south sea surface temperature gradient prevailing during the month of the event. Other influential variables reflect the character of the cyclone, storm duration, mean deepening rate of storm central pressure, the value of the outermost closed isobar around the storm centre, and the longitudinal position of the outermost closed isobar to the right of the cyclone track. In contrast, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is not very effective as a discriminator of surge activity. This may reflect the greater intra-month volatility of parameters used to derive the NAO index than of other monthly variables considered in the study. The lack of resolvability at the individual storm level probably also arises because of the monthly detailing of the NAO against storms of 2–3 days duration. This behavioural model of extreme storminess in the South-Western Approaches to northwest France provides the basis by which extremes of coastal susceptibility can be calibrated. 相似文献
72.
73.
Wang Guangqian 《国际泥沙研究》1994,(3)
ANALYSISONTHEDEBRISFLOWSURGES¥WangGuangqian(Professor,Dept.ofHydraulicEngineering,TsinghuaUniversity)Abstract:Basedonthefunda... 相似文献
74.
75.
Modeling the impact of wind and waves on suspended particulate matter fluxes in the East Frisian Wadden Sea (southern North Sea) 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Suspended particulate matter (SPM) fluxes and dynamics are investigated in the East Frisian Wadden Sea using a coupled modeling
system based on a hydrodynamical model [the General Estuarine Transport Model (GETM)], a third-generation wave model [Simulating
Waves Nearshore (SWAN)], and a SPM module attached to GETM. Sedimentological observations document that, over longer time
periods, finer sediment fractions disappear from the Wadden Sea Region. In order to understand this phenomenon, a series of
numerical scenarios were formulated to discriminate possible influences such as tidal currents, wind-enhanced currents, and
wind-generated surface waves. Starting with a simple tidal forcing, the considered scenarios are designed to increase the
realism step by step to include moderate and strong winds and waves and, finally, to encompass the full effects of one of
the strongest storm surges affecting the region in the last hundred years (Storm Britta in November 2006). The results presented here indicate that moderate weather conditions with wind speeds up to 7.5 m/s and
small waves lead to a net import of SPM into the East Frisian Wadden Sea. Waves play only a negligible role during these conditions.
However, for stronger wind conditions with speeds above 13 m/s, wind-generated surface waves have a significant impact on
SPM dynamics. Under storm conditions, the numerical results demonstrate that sediments are eroded in front of the barrier
islands by enhanced wave action and are transported into the back-barrier basins by the currents. Furthermore, sediment erosion
due to waves is significantly enhanced on the tidal flats. Finally, fine sediments are flushed out of the tidal basins due
to the combined effect of strong erosion by wind-generated waves and a longer residence time in the water column because of
their smaller settling velocities compared to coarser sediments.
相似文献
Karsten A. LettmannEmail: |
76.
长江口以外海域风暴潮与天文潮的非线性相互作用 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
一个二维数值模式被用于研究长江口以外海域的风暴潮与天文潮的非线性相互作用。用这个模式模拟了 1981年 8114号台风与天文潮共同作用下所引起的风暴潮增水。 8114号台风是近 2 0年中最重要的台风之一。该台风登陆点附近有吴淞验潮站 ,这里有完整的风暴潮水位记录。计算结果与该站实测值符合较好 ,说明模拟是成功的。此外 ,从模拟结果中还可得出一些有益的结论 相似文献
77.
To reduce typhoon-caused damages, numerical and empirical methods are often used to forecast typhoon storm surge. However, typhoon surge is a complex nonlinear process that is difficult to forecast accurately. We applied a principal component back-propagation neural network (PCBPNN) to predict the deviation in typhoon storm surge, in which data of the typhoon, upstream flood, and historical case studies were involved. With principal component analysis, 15 input factors were reduced to five principal components, and the application of the model was improved. Observation data from Huangpu Park in Shanghai, China were used to test the feasibility of the model. The results indicate that the model is capable of predicting a 12-hour warning before a typhoon surge. 相似文献
78.
Yu Liu 《Solar physics》2008,249(1):75-84
Liu et al. (Astrophys. J.
628, 1056, 2005a) described one surge – coronal mass ejection (CME) event showing a close relationship between solar chromospheric surge ejection
and CME that had not been noted before. In this work, large Hα surges (>72 Mm, or 100 arcsec) are studied. Eight of these
were associated with CMEs. According to their distinct morphological features, Hα surges can be classified into three types:
jetlike, diffuse, and closed loop. It was found that all of the jetlike surges were associated with jetlike CMEs (with angular
widths ≤30 degrees); the diffuse surges were all associated with wide-angle CMEs (e.g., halo); the closed-loop surges were not associated with CMEs. The exclusive relation between Hα surges and CMEs indicates
difference in magnetic field configurations. The jetlike surges and related narrow CMEs propagate along coronal fields that
are originally open. The unusual transverse mass motions in the diffuse surges are suggested to be due to magnetic reconnections
in the corona that produce wide-angle CMEs. For the closed-loop surges, their paths are just outlining stable closed loops
close to the solar surface. Thus no CMEs are associated with them. 相似文献
79.
1368-1911年苏沪浙地区风暴潮分布的时空特征 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
搜集到1368-1911年苏沪浙地区风暴潮记录2119条,以此为基础,重建区域历史风暴潮发生的时间序列与空间分布。从年内分布情况看,苏沪浙地区历史风暴潮主要发生在6-10月,其中7-9月占80%,8月为全年最高值,占37%。68.56%的历史风暴潮发生在农历朔望日前后,其中发生在朔日前后(农历二十七至次月初四)的占35.57%,发生在望日前后(农历十三至十九)的占32.99%。小波分析结果显示:风暴潮年际变化时间序列存在54 a、30 a、17 a周期。历史风暴潮引起的海侵多发生在沿海地区,苏北地区历史风暴潮海侵淹没界线达4 m高程,长三角地区历史风暴潮海侵淹没界线达5 m高程,杭州湾沿岸、浙东沿海地区则分别达5 m和6 m高程。 相似文献
80.
Daily sea level variability in the Adriatic Sea is studied from different data sets using Empirical Orthogonal Functions, in connection with atmospheric pressure and wind stress. The first mode explains 56–69% of total variance and consists of uniform sea level variability all over the basin, correlated with atmospheric pressure through the inverse barometer effect. The second mode explains 13–16% of variance and accounts for an along-basin sea level gradient, which is correlated with the meridional wind stress component. The first two Principal Components are used as proxies to pressure- and wind-induced components of storm surges in the northern Adriatic. The analysis of the frequency of the most intense events in the 1957–2005 period shows that the wind contribution to storm surges has decreased, while no significant trends are found in the contribution of atmospheric pressure. 相似文献