中沙群岛近海表层沉积物重矿物组合分区及物质来源

对取自南海中沙群岛附近海域114个表层沉积物样品的重矿物含量、分布特征和矿物组合进行了研究,在此基础上划分出3个矿物组合区:混合矿物区(Ⅰ),矿物组合包括金属矿物、云母类矿物(陆源)、闪石类矿物、辉石类矿物以及铁锰微结核。其中云母类矿物主要来自中国大陆,陆源碎屑垂直等深线向深海搬运,影响区域限于17°N以北,其次自生矿物及火山成因矿物对本区有较大影响;自生矿物区(Ⅱ),矿物以自生铁锰微结核为主,南海原地海山的风化剥蚀物、原地可能正在活动的小型火山的喷发物质为铁锰微结核的形成提供了物源;火山碎屑矿物区(Ⅲ),矿物以闪石类、辉石类矿物为主,其次为云母类矿物(火山源),在局部地区出现铁锰微结核及金属矿物的高含量区。重矿物分区与轻矿物分区基本一致,但由于重矿物自身密度大,源区主要为原地海山或正在活动的小型火山等特点,因而,在分区过程中表现出一定的差异。     

New Notodelphyidae (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) from solitary ascidians

Samples of simple ascidians of the genera Asterocarpa, Cnemidocarpa, Corella, and Pyura were collected from Wellington Harbour, New Zealand (41°16'S, 174° 51'E) and three species of the crustacean family Notodelphyidae were recovered, all from the branchial baskets of the ascidians.

Pygodelphys novaeseelandiae (Schellenberg), and two new species of Doropygus, are described and illustrated.     

Geochemical comparisons between estuaries with non‐industrialised and industrialised catchments: The Huon and Derwent River estuaries,Tasmania

The adjacent Huon and Derwent estuaries in Tasmania have similar climatic and physical characteristics, and provide a good comparison between relatively uncontaminated and industrially polluted estuaries, respectively. Representative samples were collected from both estuaries and analysed for grainsize and trace‐element content (using X‐ray fluorescence and neutron activation analyses). The Huon estuary drains a predominantly forested and agricultural catchment and contains low (baseline) concentrations of trace elements, including lead, zinc and copper. In contrast, the Derwent estuary has a geologically similar yet larger catchment and it passes through an industrialised area in the midestuarine reach. A zinc refinery has, in the past, been a major source of trace‐element contamination. These contaminants are distributed downstream from the refinery by combined fluvial and tidal activity, while the latter also causes upstream movement of contaminants during non‐flood periods. Significant upstream contamination is limited by fluvial bottom flows remobilising contaminated fine sediment during flood periods. Maximum contamination occurs in the region around the refinery with values in the surface sediments ranging from 40 to 565 times baseline levels and from 2 to 55 times the Australian Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines high‐levels for aquatic sediments (maximum 22593 ppm Zn, 3866 ppm Pb and 1182 ppm Cu). In the lower Derwent estuary, contaminant distribution is inversely related to tidal‐flow velocities and is most prominent in the lower energy muddy substrates. Trace‐metal levels in the more recent surficial aquatic sediments are slightly lower than those recorded in a previous study from the area, possibly reflecting the stricter environmental controls now operating.     

渤海湾西南部海域表层沉积物分布特征

基于渤海湾西南部海域3次表层沉积物调查资料,通过表层沉积物粒度数据研究沉积物类型和分布特征,在空间和时间尺度上探讨沉积物变化规律.结果表明:研究区表层沉积物主要以砂质粉砂和黏土质粉砂为主,西北部沉积物较细,东南部沉积物相对较粗,深水区沉积物较细,浅水区沉积物相对较粗;研究区浅水区分选性好于深水区,东南部分选性好于西北部...     

中国区域化探若干基本问题研究：1999—2009

1999—2009年,中国区域化探发生了根本性改变。主导思想是以地球化学理论为指导研究区域化探方法技术问题和进行矿产资源潜力评价。区域化探方法技术研究的基本要求是最大限度保持原生地球化学分布特征,表生地球化学条件下采样物质问题是区域化探方法研究的核心,样品采集应以代表地质找矿信息的基岩物质成分为原则,在全国范围内最大限度地保持采样物质的一致性。基于成矿地球化学理论建立资源潜力地球化学评价方法和实行地质找矿定量预测,使勘查地球化学从单纯方法手段上升到指导地质找矿的理论高度。主要标志是在全国建立完整的区域化探工作方法技术系统和实行样品分析质量全程监控。在区域化探高精度数据基础上绘制与出版精美的地球化学图集,使区域地球化学图精确地反映地质背景分布与异常特征,促进区域化探数据信息深度开发和利用,建立具有从区域、普查到详查进行全过程独立开展资源调查、评价和预测的方法技术体系和工作程序。区域化探长期支撑中国地质找矿工作,是整个地质找矿工作的先导。随着新一代地区和全国地球化学图的形成,将在基础地质和成矿规律研究以及揭示重大地质事件等方面提供新的发现、新的认识和新的观点,对于未来中国勘查地球化学和整个地质工作产生重要影响。     

Guest editorial

Surficial sediments rich in apatite pellets were recovered from an 80‐m‐deep area that runs parallel to the eastern coast of Vizcaino Bay, Baja California. This area is subject to intense seasonal upwelling, the sediments presenting elevated phosphate (P₂O₅), organic carbon (C_org), and carbonate concentrations. The pellets are moderately well sorted, concentrated mainly in the 3ø size class within a poorly sorted sediment matrix. Abundant nodular apatite and phosphatized bone fragments were found in only one of the pellet‐bearing samples. This sample has a P₂O₅concentration of over 20%, the ≥ — 2.5ø to 0.5ø grain size classes alone being formed of up to 32% P₂O₅. The high proportion of fragmented nodules and the presence of volcanic rock pebbles indicate that at least part of this deposit is allochthonous. The apatite pellets have a flat to concave‐downward heavy rare earth (HREE) shale normalized pattern and, except for La, are depleted in light rare earth elements (LREE). The close resemblance between the HREE patterns and the relatively high La concentration in the pellets of Vizcaino Bay, and the onland phosphorites of the southern Baja California Peninsula, suggest similar depositional histories for these deposits. No significant Ce anomalies were observed, but a negative Eu deviation is common in all of the pellet‐bearing sediments. The depletion of LREE in the pellets of Vizcaino Bay may indicate the preferential removal of these elements by weathering processes.     

Aspects of the geochemistry of sedimentary sterols in the Chang Jiang estuary

Sediment samples have been collected during the Donghai 1 cruise in January 1986 in the Chang Jiang estuarine region for which solvent extractable sterols have been analysed by GC and GC/MS and the data examined using Correspondence Factorial Analysis (CFA). The main autochthonous sterols in these sediments were cholesterol, 24-methylcholesta-5,22-dien-3β-ol and 24-methylcholesta-5,24(28)-dien-3β-ol, whereas 24-ethylcholesterol, 24-ethylcholesta-5,22-dien-3β-ol and 24-methylcholesterol were principally allochthonous. Autochthonous sterols prevailed in regions of high primary production observed in summer, and allochthonous ones dominated the sterol distribution in the accumulation region of fine sediments just outside the river mouth and in the reaches of coastal currents. The cholesterol/cholesterol ratio values exhibited higher values close to the river mouth and in the region where the turbidity maximum extends. A comparison between sediment and suspended matter indicated a great difference in the sterol content in regions of high autochthonous production which suggested that sterols have been transformed in the course of sedimentation and at the sediment/water interface. In contrast, sedimentary and suspended sterol concentrations were comparable close to the mouth of the Chang Jiang River and in the region where the turbidity maximum extends, a feature that may be attributable to sediment resuspension episodes and lower production of autochthonous sterols. These results demonstrate the distinct impact of biogeochemical processes on the sediment sterol features in different zones of the estuary.     

强震预报新方法—地色法的初步论证

浅层地温异常与强震的发生有较好的对应关系．本文提出一种新的强震预报方法，地色法．以地表对太阳光照的吸收量与反射量之比作为地色量度值Ｈ，根据地色量度值的变化，划分出黑、灰、黄、白四种地色。黑色代表孕震晚期．地色法较浅层地湿法更接近地温异常实质．采用地色法对１９８９年１０月１９日山西阳高６．１级地震和１９９５年１０月２６日云南武定６．５级地震进了检验，对应较好。     

杭州湾表层沉积物有机碳分布、来源及近20年来的变化

根据2002年、2008年、2012年、2017年和2022年夏季采样分析结果,对杭州湾表层沉积物中有机碳（TOC）时空分布变化进行了研究。结果表明研究区TOC平均值分别为0.55%(n=16)、0.50%(n=112)、0.44%(n=38)、0.53%(n=38)和0.51%(n=38),总体上呈现南北高东西低的“X”形平面分布特征,高值区出现在北岸金山至南汇咀海域和南侧镇海至慈溪海域,相关性分析表明TOC分布受到沉积物类型的控制,主要赋存于细颗粒沉积物内。沉积物的氧化还原环境也对TOC分布有显著影响。分区进行5个年份TOC统计分析显示,20年来北部海域先减后增,变化较为明显,南部和东部海域2017年增大之后减小,西部海域变化不大。TOC随时间的变化受到自然条件和人为活动造成的长江入海泥沙和有机物质通量下降、海洋源增加等因素的影响。C/N、δ13C特征表明,研究区沉积物中有机碳陆源贡献比例大都在30%～70%,站点差异较大,北岸近岸海域和东南侧海域陆源有机碳比例较高,湾中部和东部海域有机碳的海洋源比例较高。     

南海表层沉积物中铂族元素的地球化学分布特征及其影响因素

报道了南海表层沉积物中铂族元素的丰度及其分布特征。52个表层沉积物中铂族元素(PGE)含量变化范围:钌为0.40×10-9~3.20×10-9,平均值为1.20×10-9;钯为0.01×10-9~13.30×10-9,平均值为4.31×10-9;铱为0.59×10-9~4.49×10-9,平均值为1.21×10-9;铂为1.27×10-9~16.21×10-9,平均值为5.26×10-9;铑为0.05×10-9~0.2×10-9,平均值为0.12×10-9;金为0.43×10-9~27.38×10-9,平均值为6.92×10-9。尽管PGE含量与沉积物平均粒径的关系不是很明显,但是整体上随平均粒径的增大,PGE含量出现逐渐减少的趋势,表现出一定的粒度控制规律。南海全海域表层沉积物铂、钯、钌、铑、铱和金的估算背景值分别为1.168×10-9±0.190×10-9,3.228×10-9±0.403×10-9,1.085×10-9±0.189×10-9,4.432×10-9±0.258×10-9,0.123×10-9±0.023×10-9和4.720×10-9±0.413×10-9,远高于我国大陆东部地壳的,而与深海沉积物的基本处于同一水平,表现出了海洋沉积物富集PGE的固有特征。尽管PGE在大陆架区有所富集,但明显富集区主要分布在吕宋岛以西至中央海盆区域,指示海底火山喷发作用释放的PGE对南海中西部深海盆区沉积物中的PGE可能有重要贡献。