水域静力触探设备的研制和应用

为详细了解崇明越江通道南港隧道段地层情况 ,设计要求提供长江水域静探资料。简介了我院水域静力触探设备的研制和应用情况     

多年冻土地区砂砾路面路堤临界高度数值分析

In permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the critical embankment height must be considered in the process of the construction of highway, especially for the global climatic warming. In this paper, the two-dimensional numerical analysis for the critical embankment height (for gravel road surface and coarse-grained soil) has been performed by using thefinite element method. In the calculation, we think that the service life of the construction is at least 50 years. The mean annual air temperatures applied to the calculation model are -6.5 ℃, -6.0 ℃, -5.5 ℃, -5.0 ℃, -4.5 ℃ and -4.0 ℃, respectively, and the value of temperature rise are taken as 1.10℃ in the coming 50 years. The minimum embankment heights derived from the analysis are 0.85 m, 0.92 m, 1.01 m, 1.18 m, 1.60 m and 2.66 m for the different mean annual air temperatures and the maximum embankment heights are 7.68 m,7.55 m, 7.34 m, 7.00 m, 6.45 m and 5.85m, accordingly. On condition that the service life of embankment is 50 years, the critical value of the mean annual air temperature is -3.5 ℃. Namely, in the areas where the mean annual air temperature is higher than -3.5 ℃, the critical embankment height does not exist.     

Use of microtremor measurement for assessing site effects in Northern Belgium – interpretation of the observed intensity during the MS = 5.0 June 11 1938 earthquake

To provide quantitative information on site effects in the northern part of Belgium, forty-seven H/V microtremor measurements were performed with 5 second seismometers over an area of about 15.000 km². Most of the results show a northward regular increase of the fundamental period in agreement with the augmentation of the Mesozoic and Cainozoic soft sedimentsthickness from a few meters 40 km south of Brussels to 900 m at the Netherlands-Belgium border. The measured resonance frequency values wereconsistent with theoretical computations performed at different sites onthe basis of existing information and shallow seismic experiments. At oneparticular site (Uccle) where borehole data were available, microtremor measurements using an array of four seismological stations with differentapertures allowed to obtain the low frequency part of the Rayleigh wave dispersion curve, extending the range covered by the analysis of surfacewaves artificially generated. The Vs profile derived from the surface waveinversion corroborates the 1 Hz natural frequency of the site. Comparison of these results with the macroseismic information concerning the M_S = 5.0 1938 earthquake which occurred 50 km west of Brussels,confirmed the hypothesis that the geological structure of the Brabant massifis likely to control damage distribution during such an earthquake. Comparisonbetween the intensity map of the 1938 earthquake and the resonance period ofsediments obtained by our microtremor study shows a clear relation betweenthe two parameters. During the 1938 earthquake, site effects played a prominent role due to the dimension of the source whose corner frequency wasabout 1 Hz.     

遥感影像三维可视化研究

利用DEM高程资料实现遥感影像的三维显示可大大提高遥感监测产品的使用价值，而商用软件成本高操作繁琐普及困难。利用计算机图形学知识和Delphi编程语言，开发了一套遥感影像三维可视化软件。对在开发过程中遇到的有关DEM数据的裁剪与拼接、图像配准、地表模拟、透视变换、消隐处理、光照和阴影效果以及颜色变换等问题的解决方案和实现方法作了简要的介绍。     

Accuracy analysis, dem generation and validation using russian tk-350 stereo-images

TK-350 stereo-scenes of the Zonguldak testfield in the north-west of Turkey have been analysed. The imagery had a base-to-height ratio of 0·52 and covered an area of 200 km × 300 km, with each pixel representing 10 m on the ground. Control points digitised from 1:25 000 scale topographic maps were used in the test. A bundle orientation was executed using the University of Hanover program BLUH and PCI Geomatica OrthoEngine AE software packages. Tests revealed that TK-350 stereo-images can yield 3D geopositioning to an accuracy of about 10 m in planimetry and 17 m in height. A 40 m resolution digital elevation model (DEM) was generated by the PCI system and compared against a reference DEM, which was derived from digitised contour lines provided by 1:25 000 scale topographic maps. This comparison showed that accuracy depends mainly on the surface structure and the slope of the local terrain. Root mean square errors in height were found to be about 27 and 39 m outside and inside forested areas, respectively. The matched DEM demonstrated a systematic shift against the reference DEM visible as an asymmetric shift in the frequency distribution. This is perhaps caused by the presence of vegetation and buildings.     

准噶尔盆地表层结构基本类型及特征

地震勘探区内表层及近地表结构的地球物理特征，往往取决于相应的地质体结构的变化．研究不同表层及近地表地质体的地质特征和地球物理特征，对地震勘探中静校正方法的确定以及静校正量的求取至关重要．准噶尔盆地就其表层地质结构可分为山前冲积扇、戈壁、农田、沙漠等类型，不同类型的地质结构体具有各自独特的地球物理特征。     

经历剪切变形历史的岩石节理表面粗糙特性分析

基于两类岩石节理剪切试验，采用非接触式激光测距仪，实测了剪切前后节理表面粗糙数据，统计分析了岩石节理表面粗糙特性的三维粗糙参数的物理含义，并将这些参数与相应的二维参数进行了充分比较。结果表明，三维参数与二维参数间存在的近似线性关系，而多个三维参数相对比单一的二维参数更全面有效地描述了节理表面粗糙特性。     

红砂岩高陡岩质边坡稳定性分析及治理

充分利用边坡失稳前自身抗滑能力进行高陡边坡治理，结合工程实例，提出了主动性公路边坡治理的思路。分别利用极限平衡法和有限元数值法，综合考虑了两种方法的优缺点，对红砂岩高陡边坡进行了全面的稳定性分析，并针对性地提出了经济合理的治理方案。     

从全国水环境数据库看中国水环境状况

以全国水环境数据库的监测记录为第一手资料,以各大流域片为单位,从宏观上介绍了各大流域片的水质总体概况,包括各类水质所占比例、污染水质的超标物类型等,基本反映了我国各大流域在20世纪90年代的水质状况以及水环境的时空变化特征.总的来说,我国的水环境状况不容乐观,水质污染比较严重,尤其是我国北方的流域片.