IPTA监测圣佩德罗湾港口地表时序沉降

常规D-InSAR技术已成功应用于由于火山、地震等引起的地表形变监测,然而受时间失相干和大气延迟等影响,该技术监测地表沉降形变的精度只能达厘米级。本文以美国圣佩德罗湾港口为研究对象,采用干涉点目标分析(IPTA)技术,选用二维线性相位模型对时序差分干涉相位图迭代回归分析,逐次去除大气延迟、DEM误差以及噪声等的影响,最终提取出准确可靠的形变序列相位信息。结果证明IPTA技术对长期微小的地壳累积形变探测具有广阔的应用前景,而且IPTA技术在实现效率和数据存储方面都优于常规的PS-InSAR。     

黑体辐射定律遥感教学改革设计与实践

普朗克黑体辐射定律是遥感类课程教学的重点和难点,本文以定律分析为核心,从数值模拟大气层顶太阳光谱辐照度曲线、卫星传感器光谱响应函数卷积计算、地物行星反射率计算及地表温度反演4个方面入手,对黑体辐射定律理论教学和实践教学内容进行优化设计和教学实现。实践证明,该教学改革不仅可以使学生更容易理解和掌握黑体辐射定律揭示的基本规律,而且以此为基础,能够使学生通过实践加深对地物两大特性(反射特性和热辐射特性)的理解,提高学生对遥感类课程的兴趣。     

球面四元三角网的复杂拓扑关系计算

针对已有球面四元三角网拓扑关系计算方法不能处理带空洞复杂目标的情况,提出了基于公共三角格网来计算球面四元三角网复杂拓扑关系,该方法能准确判断出带空洞复杂目标的拓扑关系,为全球空间分析和应用提供了新的思路。     

归一化光谱分解模型在城市化信息提取中的应用

以2001年7月11日LandsatETM7影像和2009年7月16日TM影像为数据源,基于V-I-S理论模型,采用归一化光谱分解模型提取了乌鲁木齐市区范围内2个时段的植被、土壤、不透水层3个连续地表参数分量。通过对不透水层不同阈值的划分,提取了2时段的乌鲁木齐市城市发展的空间信息,结果较为满意;通过空间叠加计算方式获取了8年来乌鲁木齐市城市化发展的空间信息和主要拓展方向。结果表明,乌鲁木齐城市化发展速度较快,特别是北扩趋势显著。     

中巴资源卫星影像HR数据在煤矿矿区地面塌陷调查中的应用

首次应用具有我国自主知识产权的中巴资源卫星影像数据对煤矿矿区采煤地面塌陷进行遥感调查研究。煤矿采空区地面塌陷随着时间日趋严重,面积不断扩大,兼有渐变和突变的特点,用常规方法定点观测难以适应其发展,确定其边界分布非常困难。文章应用中巴资源卫星HR高分辨率影像数据,以六道湾—铁厂沟煤矿矿区为例,通过已知塌陷区的基本特点,建立塌陷区的遥感影像地物解译标志体系,通过人机交互遥感影像解译,圈定地面塌陷的边界并获得塌陷区的有关数据,为该地区环境地质灾害治理提供依据。     

一种地物直角平差纠正的新方法

由于测量存在观测误差,故根据测得的矩形地物特征点坐标数据,绘制的地物图形都不能严格是矩形,即地物直角条件不能严格成立。虽然目前的数字测图软件(如南方CASS 7.0)已提供了直角纠正功能,但它是一种简单机械的直角化方法,而不是进行平差纠正。为此,研究了一种以实际测量的地物特征点坐标为观测值进行地物直角平差纠正的算法,并以C#语言实现了该系统。实验证明,该系统能够更方便、更合理地实现对地物的直角纠正处理。     

Understanding and Portraying the Global Atmospheric Circulation

Abstract

Atmospheric circulation and resultant surface pressure patterns are important discussion topics in many introductory geography, meteorology, and earth science courses. In the past, summary materials developed to aid in teaching these concepts have used a north-south oriented meridional cross-section of the troposphere (e.g., the three-cell model). We suggest that while the Hadley Cell model works well for the tropics, an alternative depiction incorporating two map views should be used to present a more meaningful view of the mean extratrop-ical circulation. The combination of a tropical cross-section map and an extra-tropical map will assist students in learning about first-order motions associated with the Earth's atmospheric circulation.     

京津唐城市群不透水地表增长对水环境的影响(英文)

The impervious surface area (ISA) at the regional scale is one of the important en-vironmental factors for examining the interaction and mechanism of Land Use/Cover Change (LUCC)-ecosystem processes-climate change under the interactions of urbanization and global environmental change. Timely and accurate extraction of ISA from remotely sensed data at the regional scale is challenging. This study explored the ISA extraction based on MODIS and DMSP-OLS data and the incorporation of China’s land use/cover data. ISA datasets in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Metropolitan Area (BTTMA) in 2000 and 2008 at a spa-tial resolution of 250 m were developed, their spatiotemporal changes were analyzed, and their impacts on water quality were then evaluated. The results indicated that ISA in BTTMA increased rapidly along urban fringe, transportation corridors and coastal belt both in intensity and extents from 2000 to 2008. Three cities (Tangshan, Langfang and Qinhuangdao) in Hebei Province had higher ISA growth rates than Beijing due to the pressure of population-re?sour?ces-envi?ronments in the city resulting in increasingly transferring industries to the nearby areas. The dense ISA distribution in BTTMA has serious impacts on water quality in the Haihe River watershed. Meanwhile, the proportion of ISA in sub-watersheds has significantly linear relationships with the densities of river COD and NH3-N.     

基于SINMAP模型的区域滑坡危险性定量评估及模型验证

利用稳定态水文学理论与无限斜坡稳定性模型,构建分布式斜坡稳定性定量评估模型SINMAP,以坡体滑塌十分发育的陕西省略阳县为试验区,利用Grid DEM提取坡度、流向、地形湿度指数和有效汇水面积等流域地形水文数据,将GIS专题图、遥感数据等作为模型输入数据,获得地表斜坡稳定性分级专题图,实现滑坡危险性定量评估;将模型模拟结果与目前国内最具有权威性的中国县(市)地质灾害调查结果进行对比分析,发现两者在稳定性分级标准划分、滑坡点定性评价、滑坡危险性分区等方面都具有很好的相似性和可比性,说明模型的模拟结果能够客观反映研究区地表滑坡危险性,对可能出现的滑坡具有一定的预测精度。因此,该模型的研究有望为定量分析区域滑坡与环境因子的关系、区域滑坡预测等工作奠定基础。     

Methods for extraction of microorganism DNA from glacier surface snow

In order to thoroughly investigate the diversity of glacier microorganisms, four DNA extraction methods with different lysis patterns were tested and two screened methods (the Bosshard-Bano method and the Zhou method) were optimized for the most effective form of the filter membrane (cut vs. uncut), the DNA extraction method, and the precipitation method. The two optimized methods were then compared with the commercial Mo-Bio DNA extraction kit, and the results showed that the kit was generally suitable for extraction of microorganism DNA from glacier surface snow. Procedurally, it was found that a modified Bosshard- Bano method (i.e., cutting the filter membrane into pieces, using a specific lysis pattern [lysozyme (5 mg/mL)-protease K (1 mg/mL)-CTAB (1%)-SDS (1%)], performing the extraction only once by chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (24:1), and conducting DNA precipitation by pure ethanol) was also an effective and less expensive method for extraction of microorganism DNA from glacier surface snow.