个旧超大型锡铜多金属矿床成矿多样性与深部找矿

云南个旧超大型锡铜多金属矿床总体表现为以燕山期多次岩浆热液叠加改造为成矿主线, 断裂构造提供导矿通道和储存空间, 岩浆热液作用于个旧组碳酸盐岩、玄武岩, 不同围岩条件以及元素化学性质不同所形成的组合分带造就了成矿多样性, 查明花岗岩体及岩性组合、褶皱与断裂构造、围岩岩性的三维空间分布是找矿预测的关键.高精度重磁结合多功能电法探测揭示岩性界面和赋矿空间, 利用断裂构造原生晕异常特征识别深部隐伏矿床是有效的找矿方法组合, 存在于已系统勘探地区外围的层间氧化矿或脉状矿、岩体与围岩接触带矽卡岩型多金属硫化物矿和岩体内部蚀变岩型锡铜多金属矿是个旧地区今后深部找矿的重要方向.      

贵州烂泥沟金矿床中辉锑矿的构造成因矿物学初析

本文通过对贵州烂泥微细浸染型金矿床中辉锑矿显微形貌和超微结构观察，发现辉矿晶体中出现显微波纹扭裂纹，沿扭裂纹部位被辰砂充填交代和辉锑矿晶体中存在大量变形双晶、层错、位错壁、亚晶粒等变形超微结构，从而为成矿过程中锑、汞矿化之间这段区间发生构造应力作用了微观的成因信息。     

中国大陆边缘构造属性与超巨量金属工业堆积

研究了大陆边缘的形成与演化,以中国大陆已存在的3条陆壳对接消减带为界,划分了5个大陆边缘构造带、13个次一级的边缘构造区及其内部的58个时空配置结构,并据区内现有金属矿产地计算了其发现几率。依据大陆边缘的形成、演化及其动力学特征,将中国大陆边缘划分为离散型、汇聚型、对接碰撞型和转换型4类,并总结了其成矿专属。大陆边缘虽然有利成矿,但是超巨量金属工业堆积应取决于其成矿有利因素是否达到最佳耦合。提出了最佳耦合应是异常地质事件激发正常成矿作用发生“引潮共振”①的结果。     

秦岭中部山地落叶阔叶林超级垂直带的发现与意义

山地垂直带谱是气候和植被水平地带变化和更替的缩影,垂直带的带幅、带间过渡方式、带内结构和垂直带组合方式都表现出高度的异质性和复杂性。本文发现在中国南北过渡带中部太白山发育了世界上最宽的山地垂直带——山地落叶阔叶林垂直带。该垂直带从基带到典型垂直带再到先锋性垂直带皆为山地落叶阔叶林,3种本来可以独立存在的垂直带,连续分布形成了包含3个栎林亚带、2个桦林亚带的“三层五亚带”超级垂直带,远远超过正常情况下山地垂直带1000 m的阈值,且其上限达到了海拔2800 m。它的形成与秦岭所处的过渡性地理位置、秦岭中部垂直带谱的完整性、丰富的落叶木本植物种群及其形成的强大群落竞争优势等因素紧密相关。超级垂直带的发现有多方面的意义：它是中国南北过渡带又一重要的标志性自然地理特征;它表明山地垂直带在特殊的山地环境中可以具有非常复杂的内部结构和宽大带幅,这扩展了我们对山地垂直带谱结构及机理认识的广度,对于创建山地垂直带谱结构理论具有十分重要的意义;超级垂直带的发现,也说明中国南北过渡带还有很多科学内容有待我们去探索和发现,希望本文能起到抛砖引玉的作用,引起学界对超级垂直带形成的气候和生物多样性因素、地理过渡带的结构和生态效应等重大问题进行深入研究。     

超高层建筑精密施工测量关键技术

针对传统的测量技术无法满足超高复杂结构建设的要求,根据超高层建筑工程的特点和难点,通过对我国范围内的超高层建筑施工测量技术的总结,本文研发了新仪器设备并提出了超高层标高高精度自动传递工艺方法,探索了一套我国“千米”超高层建筑精密施工测量的关键技术。结合GNSS 定位技术与智能化全站仪等多项新技术,获得高质量高精度测量基准、精确施工控制点及快速高精度的监测点位,将GNSS技术应用于超高层建筑施工监测是精密工程测量的突破,应用前景广阔。     

基于凸集投影的高分四号卫星影像超分辨率重建

基于凸集投影(projection on convex sets,POCS)对GF-4数据进行超分辨率重建处理。利用能量连续降减法构造参考帧以减少迭代次数,提高算法效率;利用Vandewalle配准法对图像块进行运动估计从而获取精确的运动参数有利于图像的分块处理。通过对GF-4真实数据进行试验与分析,表明超分图像结果的清晰度与序列影像帧数呈正相关;信噪比与帧数呈负相关。应用5帧数据进行超分重建,清晰度(平均梯度)从7.803提高到14.386;信噪比会略有下降,从3.411下降到3.336。试验表明该方法可以有效提高图像清晰度,增加图像细节信息,提升图像判别能力,扩展数据的应用范围。     

主题学习和稀疏表示的MODIS图像超分辨率重建

针对MODIS图像分辨率受传感器限制和噪声干扰,且分辨率局限在一定水平等问题,提出一种采用主题学习和稀疏表示的MODIS图像超分辨率重建方法,该方法通过双边滤波将MODIS图像的平滑及纹理部分分离,并将纹理部分看成是由若干"文档"组成的训练样本;运用概率潜在语义分析提取"文档"的潜在语义特征,从而确定"文档"所属的"主题"。在此基础上,针对每个主题所对应的图像块,采用改进的K-SVD方法训练若干适用于不同主题的高低分辨率字典对,从而可以运用这些字典对,通过稀疏编码实现测试图像相应主题块的超分辨率重建。实验结果表明,重建图像在视觉效果和PSNR等指标上均优于传统方法。     

改进灰色人工神经网络模型的超高层建筑变形预测

针对灰色人工神经网络模型初始化权值和阈值的随机性导致易产生误差积累和过拟合的缺陷,该文利用遗传算法的全局优化能力训练灰色人工神经网络模型的权值和阈值,构建了基于遗传算法的灰色人工神经网络超高层建筑物变形预测模型。结合长沙北辰新河A1超高层建筑变形监测实例,用该文所提模型与灰色人工神经网络模型分别进行变形数据的处理分析和预测。实验结果表明,该文提出的模型具有更好的预测精度,预测趋势也更加逼近实际测量结果。     

Development of a New Method of Extraction of Interstitial Water from Low‐Porosity Consolidated Sediments Recovered During Super‐Deep Drilling Projects

During the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 338, several methods were tested for the extraction of interstitial water in consolidated, low‐porosity deep‐sea sediments from Site C0002 in the Kumano Basin. On the basis of those tests, we propose a modified ground rock interstitial normative determination (GRIND) method of extraction of interstitial water. In separate runs of the new method, sediment samples were ground in a ball mill with either ultrapure water or a solution of HNO₃. The interstitial water was then extracted with a conventional squeezer. Sufficient solution was extracted by this method to analyse most major and a few minor components of interstitial water that were comparable to those previously reported for samples extracted by the conventional squeezing method. The new method requires much smaller amounts of sediment than that of the conventional method and will be useful for analysis of samples recovered during super‐deep drilling programmes.     

白垩纪以来太平洋上地幔组成和温度变化

The geological evolution of the Earth during the mid-Cretaceous were shown to be anomalous, e.g., the pause of the geomagnetic field, the global sea level rise, and increased intra-plate volcanic activities, which could be attributed to deep mantle processes. As the anomalous volcanic activities occurred mainly in the Cretaceous Pacific, here we use basalt chemical compositions from the oceanic drilling(DSDP/ODP/IODP) sites to investigate their mantle sources and melting conditions. Based on locations relative to the Pacific plateaus, we classified these sites as oceanic plateau basalts, normal mid-ocean ridge basalts, and near-plateau seafloor basalts. This study shows that those normal mid-ocean ridge basalts formed during mid-Cretaceous are broadly similar in average Na8, La/Sm and Sm/Yb ratios and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions to modern Pacific spreading ridge(the East Pacific Rise). The Ontong Java plateau(125–90 Ma) basalts have distinctly lower Na8 and143Nd/144 Nd, and higher La/Sm and 87Sr/86 Sr than normal seafloor basalts, whereas those for the near-plateau seafloor basalts are similar to the plateau basalts, indicating influences from the Ontong Java mantle source. The super mantle plume activity that might have formed the Ontong Java plateau influenced the mantle source of the simultaneously formed large areas of seafloor basalts. Based on the chemical data from normal seafloor basalts, I propose that the mantle compositions and melting conditions of the normal mid-ocean ridges during the Cretaceous are similar to the fast spreading East Pacific Rise. Slight variations of mid-Cretaceous normal seafloor basalts in melting conditions could be related to the local mantle source and spreading rate.