非质量硫同位素分馏效应研究进展

非质量硫同位素分馏效应是目前国际上最前沿的稳定同位素地球化学研究领域之一。在简要介绍非质量分馏理论的基础上,对近几年非质量硫同位素分馏效应的最新研究成果进行总结和分析。关于非质量硫同位素分馏的微观来源机制存在较多争议,有待于进一步探索;采用SF6为工作气体是现有硫同位素高精度测定的主要制样技术;非质量硫同位素分馏效应研究为火星大气演化及火星生命痕迹探询、古代大气氧化条件、地球早期硫循环、火山活动对气候的影响等重大地质科学问题的解释开辟了一条独特的新途径。最后对非质量硫同位素分馏领域研究趋势进行了探讨。     

接触交代型铜矿床硫同位素地球化学研究

我国接触交代型铜矿床主要集中在长江中下游和燕辽等成矿带;主要矿体产于浅成或超浅成中酸性侵入岩与碳酸盐岩接触带.主要矿物组合为黄铜矿、黄铁矿、磁铁矿、赤铁矿(少数矿床可见)、磁黄铁矿(少数矿床未见)、斑铜矿、钙铁榴石、透闪石、石英和方解石.矿床硫化物的硫同位素组成主要显示出两种特征,一种是单个矿床硫同位素组成变化范围大,变化范围在5‰~10‰,又有较大正值出现(如马鞍山、铜录山、铁山、个旧卡房和冬瓜山等矿床);另一种单个矿床硫同位素组成变化范围小,一般不超过5‰,具有小的正值特点(如索尔库都克、武山、铜官山、城门山、赛什塘、七宝山等矿床).根据硫同位素组成特征可以获得索尔库都克、武山、铜官山、城门山、赛什塘、七宝山等矿床的硫来自单一岩浆来源;马鞍山、铜录山、铁山、卡房和冬瓜山等矿床的硫来自于岩浆与围岩膏盐层混合来源.     

新疆乌恰县萨热克铜矿床地质特征及硫、铅同位素地球化学

萨热克铜矿是塔里木盆地西北缘中新生界沉积盆地内的大型矿床。矿床定位于托云中生代拉分盆地西缘与东阿赖海西晚期深海盆之间的萨热克巴依中生代断陷盆地内,矿体呈层状、透镜状分布于上侏罗统库孜贡苏组上段(J3k2)灰绿色砾岩层位中,矿石矿物主要为辉铜矿、孔雀石,围岩蚀变较弱。矿石中辉铜矿3δ4S=-24.0‰~-19.0‰,指示硫来自地层中大量硫酸盐的生物还原作用,辉铜矿206Pb/204Pb比值范围为18.475~18.642,207Pb/204Pb为15.606~15.676,208Pb/204Pb为38.585~38.795,指示成矿金属来自于上地壳和造山带剥蚀区。结合矿床地质及地球化学研究,判断萨热克铜矿是与盆地流体活动相关的砾岩型铜矿。     

华北地台中元古界雾迷山组浅海脉冲式增氧

氧气对真核生物的起源和早期演化至关重要,但是有关元古宙中期大气和浅海氧气浓度的限定却分歧很大,目前存在持续低氧(<0.1%~1%现代大气水平,PAL)、相对高氧(>4%PAL)和动态波动等多种观点。为了进一步揭示真核生物集中分布的浅海水体的氧化还原条件,文中选择华北中元古界雾迷山组四段下部环潮坪碳酸盐岩为研究对象,通过稀土Ce异常重建当时正常浪基面之上海水的氧化还原状态。结果表明,雾迷山组四段下部1段厚约150m的碳酸盐岩地层(~1480-1475Ma)具有明显的Ce负异常(Ce/Ce^*=0.82±0.11,n=10),而下伏和上覆地层均为具弱Ce正异常的碳酸盐岩,可能代表了1次持续时间约5Ma的浅海脉冲式增氧过程。该层段的脉冲式增氧可能表明元古宙中期浅海氧气浓度存在频繁波动,并非处于稳定的低氧或相对高氧平台状态。该研究成果有助于进一步确定元古宙中期浅海氧化还原状态和演变特征,并为探讨海水氧化还原状态对早期真核生物演化的影响提供重要信息。     

Genesis of the Bianjiadayuan Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit,Inner Mongolia,China:Constraints from in-situ sulfur isotope and trace element geochemistry of pyrite

The Southern Great Xing'an Range(S(GXR)which forms part of the eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB)is known as one of the most important Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn-Ag-Au metallogenic belts in China,hosting a number of porphyry Mo(Cu),skarn Fe(Sn),epithermal Au-Ag,and hydrothermal veintype Ag-Pb-Zn ore deposits.Here we investigate the Bianjiadayuan hydrothermal vein-type Ag-Pb-Zn ore deposit in the southern part of the SGXR.Porphyry Sn± Cu± Mo mineralization is also developed to the west of the Ag-Pb-Zn veins in the ore field.We identify a five-stage mineralization process based on field and petrologic studies including(i)the early porphyry mineralization stage,(ii)main porphyry mineralization stage,(iii)transition mineralization stage,(iv)vein-type mineralization stage and(v)late mineralization stage.Pyrite is the predominant sulfide mineral in all stages except in the late mineralization stage,and we identify corresponding four types of pyrites:Pyl is medium-grained subhedral to euhedral occurring in the early barren quartz vein;Py2 is medium-to fine-grained euhedral pyrite mainly coexisting with molybdenite,chalcopyrite,minor sphalerite and galena;Py3 is fine-grained,subhedral to irregular pyrite and displays cataclastic textures with micro-fractures;Py4 occurs as euhedral microcrystals and forms irregularly shaped aggregate with sphalerite and galena.LA-ICP-MS trace element analyses of pyrite show that Cu,Pb,Zn,Ag,Sn,Cd and Sb are partitioned into pyrite as structurally bound metals or mineral micro/nano-inclusions,whereas Co,Ni,As and Se enter the lattice via isomorphism in all types of pyrite.The Cu,Zn,Ag,Cd concentrations gradually increase from Pyl to Py4,which we correlate with cooling and mixing of ore-forming fluid with meteoric water.Py2 contains the highest contents of Co,Ni,Se,Te and Bi,suggesting high temperature conditions for the porphyry mineralization stage.Ratios of Co/Ni(0.03-10.79,average 2.13)and sulphur isotope composition of sulfide indicate typical hydrothermal origin for pyrites.The δ~(34)S_(cDT) values of Pyl(0.42‰-1.61‰,average1.16‰),Py2(-1.23‰to 0.82‰,average 0.35‰),Py3(—0.36‰to 2.47‰average 0.97‰).Py4(2.51‰--3.72‰,average 3.06‰),and other sulfides are consistent with those of typical porphyry deposit(-5‰to 5‰),indicating that the Pb-Zn polymetallic mineralization in the Bianjiadayuan deposit is genetically linked to the Yanshanian(Jurassic-Cretaceous)magmatic-hydrothermal events.Variations of δ~(34) S values are ascribed to the changes in physical and chemical conditions during the evolution and migration of the ore-forming fluid.We propose that the high Sn content of pyrite in the Bianjiadayuan hydrothermal vein-type Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit can be used as a possible pathfinder to prospect for Sn mineralization in the surrounding area or deeper level of the ore field in this region.     

地质样品痕量氯溴和硫的X射线荧光光谱法测定

报道了粉末压样－X射线荧光光谱法测定地质样品中痕量Cl、Br、S的分析方法。采用水系沉积物、岩石和土壤等国家一级标准物质进行校准。实验表明，对于不同岩性样品中Br的分析，特别是当Br的含量低于2μg/g时，采用谱峰强度（未扣除背景）与背景强度的比进行校准所得到的结果，明显优于铑靶线的Compton散射线内标法，分析精度（RSD,n=6)为2.4%-15.3%，大多数优于10％；平均值的相对误差低于24％。对于Cl的分析，只需对Ca的影响加以校正即可得到非常好的结果；不同样品中Cl的分析精度（RSD，n=6)为2.1%-13.6%，大多数优于5％；平均值的相对误差不大于25％，多数优于10％。S的校准曲线的离散性较大，矿物学效应是影响S分析准确度的主要因素，其分析精度（RSD,n=6)为0.87%-5.6%，除个别样品外，平均值的相对误差优于36％。Cl和S均存在分析结果随测量时间（次数）的增加而增高的现象，必须在制样后立即测量。方法的检出限（μg/g)Br、Cl、S分别为0．43、5．8和2．2。     

原油与硫酸盐的热化学硫酸盐还原反应模拟实验及动力学研究

利用高压釜反应装置,在一定温度和压力下考察了吐哈原油和胜利原油与硫酸镁的热化学还原反应,热模拟实验在350～450℃含水条件下进行。利用库仑仪和气相色谱仪对反应后的气体产物进行分析,油相的总硫含量用库仑仪进行测定,固体产物组成利用红外光谱仪与X射线衍射仪进行分析,并对反应动力学进行了研究。结果表明,原油中的LSC含量对...     

Geochemistry of sulfur and hazardous trace elements in coals and its bearing on human health

Hazardous air pollutants, including compounds of sulfur and toxic trace elements, are emitted during coal combustion. Geochemical studies of these constituents in coals provide information about their species, regional distribution and origins. The data are useful in understanding the cause and scope of human health problems related to these hazardous elements and in designing preventive or remedial measures. Sulfur in coal is a problem because sulfur dioxide emitted during coal combustion is a main source of acid rain. The sulfur isotopic evidence shows that sulfur in low-sulfur coal is derived primarily from parent plant materials. Sulfur enrichment in medium- and high-sulfur coals is caused by the sulfate in seawater that flooded the peat swamp during coal formation. The sulfur content of a coal is controlled primarily by the depositional environment of coal seams. Only pyritic sulfur can be removed by physical coal cleaning processes （coal preparation）. Sulfur dioxide emission can be reduced using clean coal technologies, such as flue-gas desulfurization, fluidized-bed combustion, and integrated gasification and combined cycle.