Marine Mangrove Fungi

Abstract. Driftwood, prop roots and other mangrove samples were collected from the intertidal regions of Brillant and Anse Boileau mangrove stands, in the Seychelles. This material was examined for the presence of higher marine fungi. Forty seven species of marine fungi were collected (37 Ascomycotina , 1 Basidiomycotina, 9 Deuteromycotina) , with Halocypluna villosu the most common fungus, while Aniptodera mungrovii, Antennospora quudricorruita, Halosarpheia marina , Ascomyccte sp. (4), and Lulworthiu grandispora were collected frequently. The mycota of the two mangrove stands arc compared. A list of fungi recorded from mangroves is compiled.     

典型亚热带城市片林与草坪土壤全磷垂直分布特征

城市作为人类栖息的主要场所,其含有丰富P源的城市绿地土壤受到人为活动的强烈影响·为了探讨亚热带不同类型城市绿地土壤全P含量的分布特征,于2010年9--12月对福州市典型城市片林与草坪土壤全P垂直分布特征进行研究,结果表明：研究区绿地40cm以上土壤全P含量平均值为0．61g·kg^-1,其中城市片林和草坪土壤全P含量平均值分别为0．64g·kg^-1和0.58g·kg^-1;人为活动直接导致不同类型城市绿地土壤全P垂直分布规律不同：不同植被类型对城市土壤全P含量影响不同．土壤的人为扰动和植被类型及其生长年龄是影响亚热带城市绿地土壤全P垂直分布规律的主要因素．     

Impacts of the MJO on Winter Rainfall and Circulation in China

Impacts of the MJO on winter rainfall and circulation in China are investigated using a real-time multivariate MJO index.Composite results using the daily rainfall anomalies and "rainy day" anomalies according to eight different MJO phases show that the MJO has considerable influence on winter rainfall in China. Rainfall anomalies show systematic and substantial changes(enhanced/suppressed) in the Yangtze River Basin and South China with the eastward propagation of the MJO convective center from the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific.When the MJO is in phase 2 and 3(MJO convective center is located over the Indian Ocean),rainfall probability is significantly enhanced.While in phase 6 and 7(MJO convective center is over the western Pacific),rainfall probability is significantly reduced. MJO in winter influences the rainfall in China mainly through modulating the circulation in the subtropics and mid-high latitudes.For the subtropics,MJO influences the northward moisture transport coming from the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea by modulating the southern trough of the Bay of Bengal and the western Pacific subtropical high.For the mid-high latitudes,the propagation of the low frequency perturbations associated with the eastward-propagating MJO convection modulate the circulation in the mid-high latitudes,e.g.the East Asian winter monsoon and the low trough over central Asia.     

Sensitivities of tornadogenesis to drop size distribution in a simulated subtropical supercell over eastern China

ABSTRACT Numerical simulations with the Advanced Regional Prediction System （ARPS） model were performed to investigate the impact of microphysical drop size distribution （DSD） on tornadogenesis in a subtropical supercell thunderstorm over Anhui Province, eastern China. Sensitivity experiments with different intercept parameters of rain, hail and snow DSDs in a Lin-type microphysics scheme were conducted. Results showed that rain and hail DSDs have a significant impact on the simulated storm both microphysically and dynamically. DSDs characterized by larger （smaller） intercepts have a smaller （larger） particle size and a lower （higher） mass-weighted mean fall velocity, and produce relatively stronger （weaker） and wider （narrower） cold pools through enhanced （reduced） rain evaporation and hail melting processes, which are then less favorable （favorable） for tornadogenesis. However, tornadogenesis will also be suppressed by the weakened mid-level mesocyclone when the cold pool is too weak. When compared to a U.S. Great Plain case, the two microphysical processes are more sensitive to DSD variations in the present case with a higher melting level and deeper warm layer. This suggests that DSD-related cloud microphysics has a stronger influence on tornadogenesis in supercells over the subtropics than the U.S. Great Plains.     

福州城市森林凋落物动态及其归还量

2010年11月q011年10月,通过对福建省福州市区江滨公园内番石榴、南洋杉和黄花槐3种人工林的凋落物动态及其归还量进行研究,结果表明：番石榴、南洋杉凋落物量在4月和9月出现凋落高峰,而黄花槐凋落物量在4月和8月出现凋落高峰;亚热带城市森林凋落高峰主要受降水量、气温和人为因子共同影响;黄花槐、番石榴和南洋杉年凋落物量分别为6030．11±422．17、9701．21±657．30和8662．58±291．12kg·hm^-2·a^-1,黄花槐、番石榴和南洋杉凋落物碳含量在40．9—41．5％,凋落物c归还量分别为2466．31±175．20、4026．00±270．81和3568．98±119．07kg·hm^-2;树种和林分密度是各林分凋落物年归还量差异的主要原因,而单株凋落物年归还量主要受林分密度的影响．     

North Cape — a ‘nursery area’ for the packhorse rock lobster,Jasus verreauxi (Deeapoda: Palinuridae)

In the North Cape area (34°26'S, 173°07'E) there appears to be a concentration of late juvenile packhorse rock lobsters, Jasus verreauxi (H. Milne Edwards'), which subsequently contributes significantly to the nearby fishery for adult J. verreauxi off Cape Reinga. Evidence for this is based on the overall smaller size and fewer mature rock lobsters at North Cape compared to areas nearby, and on the results of tagging experiments carried out during 1976–77. Rock lobsters tagged at North Cape moved 21–514 km, mainly west and south, before recapture at minimum rates of 0.03–2.00 krn.d^‐1. For females at least, the movement away from North Cape usually occurs at about the time that sexual maturity is attained. Rock lobsters tagged near Cape Reinga moved 3–34 km west at minimum rates of 0.04–0.35 km.d^‐1.

Although the closure of the North Cape grounds to rock lobster fishing restricts the taking of the small number of legal‐sized fish available in the area, the restriction ensures less mortality and damage to the undersized fish due to handling.     

Atmospheric phenomena deduced from radiosonde and GPS occultation measurements for various application related studies

The tropopause height and tropopause temperature are sensitive to temperature changes in troposphere and stratosphere. These are the measures of global climatic variability. Atmospheric profiles of temperature, refractivity and water vapour are always needed for communication, navigation and atmospheric modeling studies. The tropopause characteristics over the Indian region have been studied using radio occultation measurements (CHAMP) on the basis of cold point criterion. Tropopause height shows large variation in the latitude range ∼30°–40°N during winter. Tropopause temperature less than −82°C, assumed to facilitate troposphere to stratosphere air transport, is observed at a number of tropical Indian locations and no seasonal pattern is observed in its occurrence. The bias in temperature and refractivity deduced from radiosonde and radio occultation measurements is also presented.     

Sequence stratigraphic framework for mixed aeolian,peritidal and marine environments: Insights from the Pennsylvanian subtropical record of Western Pangaea

Due to difficulties in correlating aeolian deposits with coeval marine facies, sequence stratigraphic interpretations for arid coastal successions are debated and lack a unifying model. The Pennsylvanian record of northern Wyoming, USA, consisting of mixed siliciclastic–carbonate sequences deposited in arid, subtropical conditions, provides an ideal opportunity to study linkages between such environments. Detailed facies models and sequence stratigraphic frameworks were developed for the Ranchester Limestone Member (Amsden Formation) and Tensleep Formation by integrating data from 16 measured sections across the eastern side of the Bighorn Basin with new conodont biostratigraphic data. The basal Ranchester Limestone Member consists of dolomite interbedded with thin shale layers, interpreted to represent alternating deposition in shallow marine (fossiliferous dolomite) and supratidal (cherty dolomite) settings, interspersed with periods of exposure (pedogenically modified dolomites and shales). The upper Ranchester Limestone Member consists of purple shales, siltstones, dolomicrites and bimodally cross‐bedded sandstones in the northern part of the basin, interpreted as deposits of mixed siliciclastic–carbonate tidal flats. The Tensleep Formation is characterized by thick (3 to 15 m) aeolian sandstones interbedded with peritidal heteroliths and marine dolomites, indicating cycles of erg accumulation, preservation and flooding. Marine carbonates are unconformably overlain by peritidal deposits and/or aeolian sandstones interpreted as lowstand systems tract deposits. Marine transgression was often accompanied by the generation of sharp supersurfaces. Lags and peritidal heteroliths were deposited during early stages of transgression. Late transgressive systems tract fossiliferous carbonates overlie supersurfaces. Highstand systems tract deposits are lacking, either due to non‐deposition or post‐depositional erosion. The magnitude of inferred relative sea‐level fluctuations (>19 m), estimated by comparison with analogous modern settings, is similar to estimates from coeval palaeotropical records. This study demonstrates that sequence stratigraphic terminology can be extended to coastal ergs interacting with marine environments, and offers insights into the dynamics of subtropical environments.     

Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Intraseasonal Oscillations in the Meridional Wind Field over the Subtropical Northern Pacific

Based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis I daily data from 1958 to 2002, climatic characteristics of the 30-60-day intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) of the zonal wind (u), meridional wind (v), and geopotential height (h) over global areas and especially the ISO of v over the subtropical northern Pacific are analyzed using the space-time spectrum analysis and wavelet transform methods. The results show that the ISO of v is very different from those of u and h, with the former representing the meridional low-frequency disturbances, which are the most active in the subtropics and mid-high latitudes, but very weak in the tropics. In the subtropical Northern Hemisphere, the energies of the ISOs of u and h are both concentrated on the waves with wave number of 1 and periods of 30-60 days, while the main energy of the ISO of v is concentrated on the waves with wave numbers of 4-6 and periods of 30-60 and 70-90 days. The westward propagating energies for the 30-60-day oscillations of u, v, and h are all stronger than the eastward propagating energies in the subtropics. In addition, the ISO of v is the strongest (weakest) in summer (winter) over the subtropics of East Asia and northwestern Pacific, while the situation is reversed over the subtropical northeastern Pacific, revealing a "seesaw" of the ISO intensity with seasons over the subtropics from the northwestern to northeastern Pacific. In the subtropical northwestern Pacific, the interannual and interdecadal changes of the ISO for v at 850 hPa indicate that its activities are significantly strong during 1958 1975, while obviously weak during 1976-1990, and are the strongest during 1991-2000, and its spectral energy is obviously abnormal but ruleless during the ENSO periods. However, in the 2 7-yr bandpass filtering series, the interannual changes of the v ISO over the subtropical northwestern Pacific contain distinct ENSO signals. And in the 9-yr low-pass filtering series, the v ISO changes over the subtropical northwestern Pacific are significantly out of phase with the changes of the Ni(n)o -3.4 SST, whereas the v ISO changes in the subtropical northeastern Pacific are significantly in phase with the changes of the Ni(n)o-3.4 SST.     

光照与紫外辐射对亚热带树木叶片排放CH4的影响

植物排放甲烷（CH4）的来源尚存很大争议,而光照和紫外辐射胁迫可能是植物排放CH4的重要影响因素．本研究选择亚热带常见树种米槠、木荷、浙江桂、罗浮栲、杉木、马尾松和柑橘7种树木为研究对象,利用控制实验研究了光照和增强紫外辐射对树木叶片CH4排放的影响．结果表明：7种树木叶片的平均CH4排放速率在光照条件下（21.176ng·CH4·g^-1DW·h^-1）是在黑暗条件下（9．699ng·CH4·g^-1DW·h^-1）的2．2倍,光照对不同树木叶片CH4排放速率的影响具有显著差异;在高UV-B辐射强度处理下,除浙江桂和柑橘外,其他5种树木的CH4排放速率均显著高于低UV—B辐射强度处理的CH4排放速率;树种及其与光照或UV辐射的交互作用对树木叶片CH4排放速率的都具有显著影响,光照或增强UV辐射强度对排放速率较低的树木种类排放CH4的促进作用更强．