Incorporating velocity shear into the magneto-Boussinesq approximation

Motivated by consideration of the solar tachocline, we derive, via an asymptotic procedure, a new set of equations incorporating velocity shear and magnetic buoyancy into the Boussinesq approximation. We demonstrate, by increasing the magnetic field scale height, how these equations are linked to the magneto-Boussinesq equations of Spiegel and Weiss (Magnetic buoyancy and the Boussinesq approximation. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. 1982, 22, 219–234).     

山东及附近海域构造环境剪应力场分析

利用山东数字地震台网的地震波形记录,选取2007年以来台网记录清晰的ML≥2．0数字地震波形资料,计算每次地震的环境剪应力值τ0和矩震级MW,并分析其相关关系;结合山东地区地质构造和地震活动性特点,对胶东半岛及北部海域、南黄海北部地区、沂沭带地区、冀鲁豫交界地区应力场分布和时空变化进行细致分析,并探讨其区域特征及与地震活动性的关系。     

Effects of fabric anisotropy on elastic shear modulus of granular soils

The fabric anisotropy of a granular soil deposit can strongly infl uence its engineering properties and behavior. This paper presents the results of a novel experimental study designed to examine the effects of fabric anisotropy on smallstrain stiffness and its evolution with loading on the elastic shear modulus of granular materials under a K0 condition. Two primary categories of fabric anisotropy, i.e., deposition-induced and particle shape-induced, are investigated. Toyoura sand deposits with relative densities of 40% and 80% were prepared using deposition angles oriented at 0o and 90o. Piezoelectric transducers were used to obtain the elastic shear modulus in the vertical and horizontal directions(Gvh and Ghh). The measurements indicate distinct differences in the values of G with respect to the different deposition angles. Particle shapeinduced fabric anisotropy was examined using four selected sands. It was concluded that sphericity is a controlling factor dominating the small-strain stiffness of granular materials. The degree of fabric anisotropy proves to be a good indicatorin the characterization of stress-induced fabric evolution during loading and unloading stress cycles. The experimental data were used to calibrate an existing micromechanical model, which was able to represent the behavior of the granular material and the degree of fabric anisotropy reasonably well.     

Evolution of the ductile shear zone of the Paishanlou gold deposits,western Liaoning,China

The combination of field surveys with analysis of microstructure of tectonite and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) on quartz fabric indicated that three periods of ductile shear events developed in the Paishanlou gold deposits and the E-W and NE-striking ductile shear zones were formed during each event. The E-W-striking ductile shear zone, accompanied by compressional and dextral shear slip, was shear-cut by the NE-striking shear zones, accompanied by compressional-sinistral shear slip and sinistral-normal shear slip, successively. An E-W-striking ductile shear zone developed at a deeper tectonic level and at middle- to high-temperatures, accompanied by abundant microstructures, including microlayering between a polycrystal quartz belt and mica, and quartz deformation was depended on cylinder (10-10) 〈a〉 or 〈c〉 glide. The development of an E-W-striking shear zone can be seen as a tectonic pattern in the region of the Paishanlou gold deposits of the collision between the Mongolian tectonic belt and the North Archean Craton from Suolun to the Linxi suture zone during the Indosinian. The NE-striking ductile shear zone developed approximately 160 Ma during the early Yianshanian at middle to shallow tectonic levels and at middle- to low-temperatures, accompanied by typical microstructures, including polycrystal quartz aggregation and quartz subgrain rotation recrystallization, etc., and quartz deformation was depended on prismatic (1011) 〈a〉 glide. The last ductile shear event around the NE-striking shear zone developed at low temperatures and shallow tectonic levels, yielding to a pre-existing NE-striking shear zone, accompanied by abundant microstructures, including low-temperature quartz grain boundary migration and bulging recrystallization. The last ductile shear movement may be related to lithosphere thinning and the destruction of the North China Craton from approximately 130-120 Ma, and this shear event resulted directly in the mineralization in the Paishanlou region.     

裂隙面对强膨胀土抗剪强度影响分析

膨胀土作为一种特殊性土,其抗剪强度取值不同于一般的黏性土。实践证明,在进行膨胀土边坡设计时,不仅要考虑土体的土块强度,而且也要考虑裂隙面强度,其抗剪强度在很大程度上受其裂隙面规模与产状的影响,尤其是对裂隙极发育的强膨胀土而言。为了更加真实地模拟强膨胀土在裂隙面控制下的剪切破坏,特在南水北调中线工程南阳段强膨胀土地段进行大剪试验,通过拟合试验数据,对强膨胀土抗剪强度影响因素进行分析。结果表明,裂隙面的发育程度、倾角、裂面的起伏程度都对强膨胀土的抗剪强度有着很大的影响。     

考虑加筋与遮帘效应计算群桩沉降的相互作用系数法

群桩中各基桩在地基土中的加筋与遮帘效应是客观存在的,然而,在目前的桩基沉降理论与实践中,相关的研究仍显不足。基于剪切变形法理论,考虑桩的加筋与遮帘效应,求得各基桩在自身桩顶荷载作用下产生的沉降以及其引起相邻桩的附加沉降量,由此提出群桩中任两桩的相互作用系数简化公式,同时,也得到各基桩桩侧及桩端桩-土接触等效弹簧刚度,并基于荷载传递法原理,建立了成层地基条件下各基桩在自身桩顶荷载作用下的桩身位移平衡方程,推导出各土层层顶处桩身沉降、轴力与层底处桩身沉降、轴力之间的递推关系,进而将公式推广到高、低承台群桩基础计算中。工程算例分析表明,用该方法计算有较高的精度,求得的荷载-沉降曲线及两桩相互作用系数与实测值吻合较好;相互作用系数要明显小于弹性理论计算结果。     

一种控制直剪蠕变试验剪应力的简易装置

土的蠕变是指土在保持应力不变的条件下,应变随时间延长而增加的现象。研究土的蠕变性质对于确定土的长期强度有重要意义,土的蠕变研究也是近几年的研究热点。然而,土的蠕变试验周期特别长,因此简便、易行又有一定可信度的蠕变试验仪器,对于土蠕变性质的研究有较大的推动意义。直剪蠕变试验是研究确定土的蠕变性质的一种最简单、最直观的试验方法。但由于该试验只是控制剪切力不变,剪切过程中,试样受剪面积逐渐减小,剪应力持续增大,整个过程并不是蠕变。通过在传统仪器上附加一个简单装置,利用液体的浮力来控制试验剪切力,从而使得试样在剪切过程中的剪应力不变。在对仪器进行相应改进后,做了对比试验,检验该装置对剪应力的控制效果,试验结果表明,该简易装置可在一定程度上控制剪应力。     

考虑吸力变化的非饱和高液限黏土-土工织物界面剪切特性研究

以高液限土为填料的加筋挡墙广泛在南方地区应用,加筋挡墙土体吸力经常随气候变化而发生变化,直接影响筋土界面强度特性,考虑吸力变化的非饱和高液限黏土-土工织物界面强度特性亟待深入研究。利用ZFY-1A型非饱和土应变控制式直剪仪对非饱和高液限黏土-土工织物界面进行控制吸力的剪切试验,探讨吸力循环变化（干湿循环）对筋-土界面剪切特性的影响。研究表明,高液限黏土-土工织物界面的抗剪强度随着净法向应力的增加而增大;随着循环次数的增加,界面强度呈现先升高而后衰减的变化规律。经历3次干湿循环的界面强度低于未经历干湿循环的强度。随着循环次数的增加,界面强度总体上呈降低趋势。吸力增加的速率 随吸力循环次数的增加先增大后减小,有效界面摩擦角 、界面有效黏聚力 、界面综合摩擦系数 、综合摩擦系数比K与此类似。 含水率变化量的最大值随着净法向应力、循环次数的增加而增大。最大剪胀量 随循环次数的增加先增大后减小,随净法向应力的增大而减小。最后通过对数拟合,得出经历若干次基质吸力循环后的界面强度计算公式。     

崩积混合体直剪试验与PFC2D数值模拟分析

通过野外崩积混合体结构特征分析,考虑原样级配,开展对崩积混合体重塑样的室内大尺度直剪试验研究,结合PFC2D颗粒离散元仿真试验,分析了不同含石量情况下崩积混合体变形与强度变化规律及内在机理。将数值试验的成果与室内试验结果进行对比分析。结果表明,随着含石量的增加,崩积混合体的应变硬化效应显著。低法向应力下崩积混合体表现为剪胀,高法向应力下则表现为剪缩;当含石量低于40%时,崩积混合体的力学性质由土体控制,超过80%以后,其力学性质基本上完全由块石控制。     

断层转折褶皱剪切裂缝发育模式探讨

围绕库车前陆盆地内某典型断层转折褶皱剖面,实测统计该剖面不同构造部位的剪切裂缝,分析断层转折褶皱中剪切裂缝的发育规律,进而建立断层转折褶皱剪切裂缝的发育模式。统计结果表明,研究区剪切裂缝有2种类型,一类是与岩层面高角度相交的高角度缝,广泛发育在构造各个部位;另一类是与层面近于平行的顺层裂缝,主要发育在断层面附近,并随岩层的变形,产状发生改变。远离断层面,剪切裂缝发育程度整体上呈减小趋势,下盘裂缝发育强度的减小大于上盘,上盘裂缝发育强度整体大于下盘。褶皱内层剪切裂缝较外层发育,褶皱两翼裂缝发育强度大于褶皱枢纽。断层产状的改变,会引起上盘运动状态的改变,使得在上盘活动轴面附近出现应力集中,局部剪切裂缝发育强度出现增大现象。断层转折褶皱剪切裂缝的发育模式可以分为3个阶段,断层形成前主要发育与层面高角度相交的区域性剪切裂缝;断层形成初期,断层面附近两盘牵引变形不明显,上盘穿过断坡下部破折点处活动轴面的部分会产生新的剪切裂缝,即与岩层高角度相交剪切缝和与断层面低角度相交剪切缝;牵引构造明显时,断层面附近两盘弯曲部位会产生顺层剪切裂缝,两翼的裂缝发育强度大于枢纽。