袋装石土工袋剪切力学特性试验研究

袋装石土工袋堆叠过程中在土工袋接触面形成的咬合和嵌固作用,对土工袋剪切力学强度和破坏形式有较大的影响。通过一系列直剪试验研究了咬合和嵌固作用的影响,试验结果表明：袋装石土工袋层间咬合和嵌固作用能够增大土工袋抗剪强度;咬合作用随着土工袋上部竖向应力的增大有所减小,而嵌固作用则有所增大;袋装石土工袋在剪切过程中会产生两种破坏形式,分别为土工袋袋体自身变形和层间滑动破坏;土工袋组合体在受到水平剪切力时会发生整体变形,随后在组合体内部产生阶梯型滑动面,滑裂面的形状随着竖向荷载的增大而有所不同,相应的抗剪强度也会随着滑动面的改变而变化。     

场地类别分类方案研究

基于性能的抗震设计,要求工程师设计出具有预期抗震性能的结构,一个关键因素是地震作用的确定,这在很大程度上取决于局部场地条件。通过收集和分析北京、苏州和唐山城区956个钻孔资料,建立地表20 m和30 m深土层走时平均剪切波速VS20和VS30的关系式;现场钻探获取北京城区深105 m的典型钻孔原状土样,试验给出各类土体动剪切模量和阻尼比曲线;建立北京城区170个钻孔的场地反应计算模型,采用Nakamura提出的HVSR法和陈国兴等提出的弱震法估算场地基本周期TS值,结合国内外现行抗震规范的场地分类及一些学者对场地分类的研究成果,提出两种新的场地分类建议方案：基于等效剪切波速VSE和覆盖土层厚度H（地表至剪切波速VS ≥ 500 m/s的基岩深度）的双指标场地分类方案及基于VSE、H和TS的三指标场地分类方案。提出的场地分类方案对我国现行抗震规范场地分类方法的改进有参考价值。     

筋土界面特性宏细观分析试验仪器研制与应用

为了更全面地分析筋土界面相互作用特性,改制了一台可视加筋土界面特性宏细观分析的试验仪器,可开展不同土工合成材料与填料的直剪和拉拔试验;该仪器改进了试验箱的尺寸,可方便两种试验的对比分析,增加了图像摄录系统,可进行试验过程的细观分析。使用新研制仪器分别进行了土工合成材料（土工格栅和土工布）加筋尾矿砂的直剪和拉拔试验,试验结果表明:两种试验条件下,土工格栅与尾矿的界面参数（似黏聚力和似摩擦角）及似摩擦系数均比土工布与尾矿的界面参数和似摩擦系数大;直剪试验下筋材网孔的有无对筋-尾矿界面参数均有较大影响,拉拔试验下筋材网孔有无对筋-尾矿界面参数似黏聚力的影响较为显著,对似摩擦角的影响较小。随着宏观变量法向应力的增加,细观参数孔隙率减小,平均接触数增加,反映在宏观上的现象就是填料颗粒被压密,筋材需要克服的阻力增大。该试验仪器能够较好地分析筋土界面宏细观特性,获得关键技术指标以用于加筋结构的设计。      

盾构隧道下穿管道施工引起的管-土相互作用研究

采用Loganathan公式研究了盾构隧道下穿管道施工引起的地下管道处土体竖向位移,利用考虑土中剪力传递的Pasternak模型模拟管-土相互作用,运用修正Vlasov模型中的迭代流程计算出Pasternak模型的关键参数——弹性系数k与剪切系数gs。将计算结果与已有文献结果及工程监测数据进行对比,深入分析了迭代求解k、gs值的Pasternak模型与传统模型的计算差异,并进一步研究了土中剪力、管道与隧道的夹角、土体弹性模量及隧道半径的变化对管-土相互作用的影响。研究结果表明：迭代求解的k、gs值能提升Pasternak模型的精确度;土中剪力对管道竖向位移计算值的影响可达15.3%;随着管道与隧道夹角的减小,管道的竖向位移增大、弯矩减小;土体弹性模量与隧道半径的增大均会增加管道的竖向位移和弯矩。     

硅灰加固宁波软土的试验研究

为探索硅灰对软土的力学性质的影响,以宁波鄞州地区一种淤泥质黏土为试样,掺入不同量的硅灰,对硅灰加固土的力学性质和结构特征进行了测试。采用三轴不固结不排水剪切试验,测试分析了不同掺入量的硅灰加固土的应力应变关系,通过扫描电镜SEM照片分析了不同硅灰掺入量的硅灰加固土的结构特征。结果表明:(1)硅灰可以提高软土的黏聚力,黏聚力随着硅灰掺入量的增加而增大;(2)随着硅灰掺入量的增加,硅灰加固土的抗变形能力呈先增加后减小的趋势;(3)同一围压条件下,随着硅灰掺入量的增加,硅灰加固土的破坏偏应力逐渐增加;(4)随着硅灰掺入量的增加,硅灰加固土中大孔隙逐渐减少,小孔隙逐渐数量增加,孔径<1μm的小孔隙组分逐渐占优。     

Development and application of a distributed catchment-scale hydrological model for the River Ythan,NE Scotland

Mathematical models are being used to develop a decision support system for integrated management of the Ythan catchment in NE Scotland. One component of this has involved the development of a distributed catchment-scale hydrological model. The model is based on subsurface flow routing and calculates the contribution to stream flow from each 50 m×50 m cell in the 548 km² catchment. It uses two topographic parameters, slope and distance to stream following the main line of flow, and five physical parameters. The topographic analysis and distributed flow accumulation are performed by linking the single cell model with a geographic information system. Preliminary results from a three-year simulation of daily flows indicate that the model successfully predicts the main characteristics of the catchment flow. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Estimated mass and stiffness matrices of shear building from modal test data

A method that estimates mass and stiffness matrices of shear building from modal test data is presented in this paper. The method depends on only measurable points that are less in number than the total structural degrees of freedom, and on the first two orders of structural mode measured. So it is applicable to most of the general test. Based on this method modal data of unmeasurable points are estimated, then global mass and stiffness matrices of structure are obtained by using the first two orders of modal data. Taking advantage of iteration the optimum global mass and stiffness matrices are gained. Finally, an example is studied in this paper. Its result shows that this method is reliable. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

辽东铀成矿带连山关地区韧性剪切带与铀成矿作用

连山关地区位于华北克拉通北缘铀成矿省辽东铀成矿带,已知铀矿床（点）均发育在韧性剪切带附近。为了解韧性剪切带运动学、几何学构造变形机制及与铀矿的关系,本文以连山关岩体周缘韧性剪切带为研究对象,通过野外宏观调查和室内微观研究相结合的研究方法,探讨构造变形期次、韧性剪切带形成机理及其对铀成矿的控制作用。研究表明：连山关岩体周缘发育的韧性剪切带与近南北向挤压构造变形有关,其右行韧性剪切带应变类型为压扁应变,属于一般压缩-平面应变范围,Flinn指数K值在0.19~0.69之间,岩石类型属于S/SL型构造岩。研究区内铀矿体均为隐伏盲矿体,主要赋存于沿着连山关岩体和辽河群接触带右行剪切作用形成的背斜褶皱核部,和北东东向断裂关系密切。综合分析认为,连山关岩体南缘北西向韧性剪切带为一级控矿构造,是区内铀矿热液运移的通道,而剪切带边部的晚期北东东向断裂则是铀矿储存空间;铀源可能来自于太古宙古风化壳,并在大型韧性剪切活动（提供热液运移通道）和基性脉岩侵入（提供热源和还原剂）等综合因素作用下运移、富集成矿。     

The Effect of Stage on Flow and Components of the Local Force Balance

Flow fields and water and bed surface topography were measured at two different stages as flow shoals over a submerged mid-channel bar in a straight reach downstream of a bend in Solfatara Creek, Wyoming. The data allow calculation and comparison of the magnitude of the component terms in the downstream and cross-stream force balance at the different stages. At the lower stage, corresponding to a discharge that is 30 per cent of the bankfull discharge, the convective acceleration terms in the equations describing the force balance are important, particularly the terms associated with the cross-stream transport of momentum. These terms are large because of the large accelerations and cross-stream flow forced by the shallow flow over the bar. At the higher stage, corresponding to a discharge that is 45 per cent of the bankfull discharge, flow is more directly downstream and cross-stream velocity is generally less in most of the channel. Downstream flow velocities at the higher stage are larger, but the acceleration is more gradual. Consequently, the convective accelerations at the higher stage tend to be less important than at the lower stage. Results from the two different stages suggest that some of the difference in conclusions reached by various workers on the significance of the various terms in the governing equations may be associated with the relative depth of flow. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

钢筋混凝土短肢剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

通过6片1：2单层短肢墙试体的低周反复荷戴试验,研究了在低周反复荷载作用下钢筋混凝土短肢剪力墙的整体工作性能、破坏形态及滞回特性。结果表明：试件的最终破坏均是由连梁失效引起的,连梁是短肢剪力墙结构的薄弱环节,因此,连梁的混凝土强度不应低于墙肢的混凝土强度,以免连梁出现粘结破坏;有翼墙的短肢剪力墙试体其延性系数都达到了3．5以上．其耗能能力较无翼墙短肢墙好。