人工湿地污水处理技术的应用初探

人工构建湿地是在自然湿地净化污水基础上建立新型污水处理技术,因其独特的优势在国内外得到广泛应用.介绍了湿地污水处理系统的概念;分析了人工湿地按照水流特征可以分为表面流湿地、水平流湿地、垂直流及各种湿地类型的优缺点;阐述了污水在湿地中的净化机理主要分为基质滤过、水生植物净化和微生物降解等主要去除过程;最后介绍了当前中国的主要应用及其尚存在的主要问题和解决的途径,并展望了人工湿地污水处理技术良好应用前景.     

Biodiversity of zoobenthic hard-substrate sublittoral communities in the Eastern Mediterranean (North Aegean Sea)

The spatial dispersion of zoobenthos from sublittoral hard substrate communities in the northern part of the Aegean Sea has been studied during summer 1997 and 1998. Material was collected by SCUBA diving, by totally scraping off five replicate quadrates (400 cm² each) at three depth levels (15, 30, 40 m) from six sites located in Chalkidiki peninsula, plus one in Kavala Gulf. The examination of the 19,343 living specimens collected revealed the presence of 314 species. Though the multivariate analyses showed high similarity between stations, the structure of this sciaphilic algal community seems to have an increased spatial heterogeneity. Four distinct facies were recorded in accordance with the occurrence of different algal forms, the degree of hard substrate inclination and the water clarity. A short review on the biodiversity of sublittoral communities in the Mediterranean revealed the affinity between the western and the eastern basin and also among the photophilic and the sciaphilic algal communities.     

Biogeography, Substrate Preference, and Feeding Types of North Adriatic Intertidal Collembola

Abstract. A survey of North Adriatic intertidal Collembola is given, including the first records of Friesea acuminata, Archisotoma interstitialis, Entomobrya dollfusi , and Pseudosinella hauseri. Granulometric and biococnological analyses of culittoral loose sediments allowed determination of the animals' substrate preference. The limitation to cuhaline habitats is tested by comparison with mixohaline shores nearby. Life-form typology is applied to elucidate the largely unknown relations of intertidal Collembola to the sediment surface or superficial strata. The different modes of nutrition are distinguished by mouthparts and by gut content analyses.     

Vibrio sp.510产褐藻胶裂合酶的底物专一性分析

Vibrio sp.51 0具有很强的产生褐藻胶裂合酶的能力。本实验对该菌发酵产生的褐藻胶裂合酶经疏水色谱除去杂蛋白 ,再经灌注色谱分离得到 3个酶组分峰。经底物专一性检测 ,峰 1和峰 3对聚甘露糖醛酸和聚古罗糖醛酸均具降解作用 ,峰 2只对聚甘露糖醛酸有降解作用。园二色谱测定酶的二级结构 :峰 1结构最为复杂 ,以β-转角为最高 ,占 31 .5% ,无规线团占 2 7% ,α-螺旋占 2 5.8% ;峰2为β-折叠 ,占 95.5% ;峰 3以 60 %的α-螺旋和 40 %的无规线团形式存在。 3个分离峰的底物专一性和二级结构的差异证明了褐藻胶裂合酶蛋白的结构与功能之间的相关性。     

Epibiotic assemblages on the pen shell Pinna rudis (Bivalvia,Pinnidae) at Matiota Beach,São Vicente Island,Cabo Verde

The rough pen shell Pinna rudis Linnaeus, 1758 (family Pinnidae), a mollusc with an Atlantic–Mediterranean distribution, is able to live in coarse sandy substrates. Considering its shell structure and ecological characteristics, P. rudis can enhance biodiversity by providing a substrate for settlement on its shell. For this reason, we compared the diversity of benthic taxa around P. rudis shells with the species diversity on P. rudis shells, at Matiota Beach, São Vicente Island, Cabo Verde. We sampled an area of 900 m2 and recorded data in situ to estimate the population size of P. rudis and the epibiotic and benthic community diversity. The average density of P. rudis estimated in the sampled area was 6.6 ind. 100 m–2 and the highest density was found at between 2 and 3 m depth, mostly in biogenic and sandy substrates. The epibiotic species diversity on P. rudis shells was significantly higher than the species diversity in the microhabitat around the shells. The P. rudis shell seems to play an important role in increasing the biodiversity of the ecosystem, with some species found only as epibionts on P. rudis.     

Effectiveness of various dispersed alkaline substrates for the pre-treatment of ferriferous acid mine drainage

Dispersed alkaline substrates (DAS) have been successfully used in passive treatment of highly contaminated acid mine drainage (AMD) to limit coating and clogging issues. However, further optimization of DAS systems is still needed, especially for their long-term efficiency during the treatment of ferriferous AMD. In the present study, three types of DAS comprised of natural alkaline materials (wood ash, calcite, dolomite), in different proportions (20%v/v, 50%v/v, 80%v/v), and a substrate with high surface area (wood chips) were tested in 9 batch reactors. The testing was carried out, in duplicate, for a period of 91 days, to evaluate the comparative performance of the mixtures for iron pre-treatment in ferriferous AMD (2500 mg/L Fe, at pH 4). Results showed increasing of pH (between 4.15 and 7.12), regardless of the proportion of alkaline materials in the DAS mixtures. Among the tested mixtures, wood ash type DAS were more effective for Fe removal (99.9%) than calcite or dolomite type DAS (up to 66%). All tested DAS had limited efficiency for sulfate removal and an additional treatment unit, such as a sulfate-reducing biochemical reactor, is needed. Moreover, due to the similar performances of the calcite and dolomite DAS, they could be potentially substituted and rather be used in a polishing treatment unit. Based on these findings, the most promising mixture was the 50% wood ash type DAS (WA50-DAS).     

Anaerobic Biodegradation of Tetrachloroethylene with Acetic Acid as Cometabolism Substrate under Anaerobic Condition

A series of batch-type experiments with acetate acid as the primary substrate were performed using enrichment cultures developed from the anaerobic sludge to investigate the effect of acetate acid on tetrachloroethylene （PCE） biodegradation. Experimental results indicated that acetate acid was an efficient electron donor in affecting the biotransformability of PCE. Trichloroethylene （TCE） was the primary dehalogenation product, and small amounts of dichloroethylenes （DCEs） were also detected. No significant further DCEs degradation was detected. PCE degradation rate in the experiment was 36.6 times faster than background rate in natural groundwater.     

人工基质在对虾养殖中的应用

目前中国对虾养殖业快速发展,同时也伴随近海养殖水体日益恶化、抗生素和化学药物被滥用和水产品食品安全等一系列问题。这些问题严重制约着对虾集约化养殖的可持续发展,因此选择一种更加健康、绿色和安全的养殖模式显得尤为重要。作者通过介绍人工基质这种新型水处理技术表面生物膜的结构和形成过程,探讨了其功能性(水质调节、饲料补充和病害防治)机理,对其在对虾养殖业中的实际应用做了展望。     

基于Sentinel-2卫星影像的海南西岛珊瑚礁识别和变化分析

珊瑚礁是海洋中最重要的生态系统之一, 近年来在全球气候变化和人为干扰加剧的影响下, 我国南海珊瑚礁总体处于快速退化状态。以海南西岛珊瑚礁为例, 基于Sentinel-2系列卫星10 m空间分辨率影像, 利用面向对象分类法(object-based image analysis, OBIA)对2017年12月~2018年3月和2021年12月两个时期的海南西岛珊瑚礁底质进行了识别分类, 并进行珊瑚礁面积变化分析。将2021年12月的分类结果与现场调查数据进行对比验证, 总分类精度和Kappa系数分别为83.3%和0.71。对比两个时期珊瑚礁底质分类结果表明, 西岛西侧珊瑚礁覆盖面积未出现明显变化, 东侧珊瑚礁显示恢复趋势。本文研究表明, 10 m地面分辨率卫星系列影像和面向对象的阈值分类方法可以对海南西岛珊瑚礁进行较为准确的识别和变化分析, 监测结果可为海南岛沿岸西岛等小型岛礁珊瑚保护及修复提供参考。