A STUDY ON TYPHOON MOVEMENT PART Ⅲ:EFFECT OF THE HORIZONTAL MOMENTUM EXCHANGE BETWEEN TYPHOONS AND ENVIRONMENT

Two semi-asymmetric flow patterns of typhoons are chosen to qualitatively determine the effect of exchange of horizontal momentum between inflow and outflow layers and the environment on the motion of typhoons. The results show that only the asymmetric flow component (residual after azimuthal mean flow has been removed) could cause a net momentum input into or output from a typhoon and therefore contribute to the changes in speed and direction of the typhoon movement. A typhoon with major inflow and/or outflow channels on its right (left) side would tend to accelerate and turn left (decelerate and turn right); On the other hand, a typhoon with major inflow and/or outflow channels in the rear (front) semicircle would tend to accelerate and turn right (decelerate and turn left).     

CO2 exchange at air-sea interface in the Huanghai Sea

INTRODUCTIONTheroleoftheoceaniscrucialintheoverallcycleofCOZ,withitsspecialpumpingmechanismssuchassolubilitypumpingattheair-seainterfacewithcarbonatechemistry,biologicalpumpinginsurfacewatersandalsointhewatercolumn,anddynamicpumpingassociatedwithoceancirculation(BroeckerandPeng,1982).Inordertounderstandthesevariouspumpingprocessesintheocean,muchresearchhasbeencarriedoutonaglobalscaleasapartofeffortstounderstandtheglobalgeochemicalcycleofCOZ.TheHuanghaiSea,atypicalmid-latitudeepicontine…     

赤道印度洋中部断面东西水交换的季节变化及其区域差异

采用海洋再分析资料和实测资料研究了热带印度洋中部东西水交换特征。结果表明存在两个相互独立的过程,即北印度洋过程(4°~6°N)和赤道过程(2°S-2°N)。北印度洋过程受季风影响显著,11月至翌年3月冬季风期间表现出很强的低盐水向西输送,5-9月夏季风期间则为高盐水向东输送;由于冬季风期间的输送较强,年平均表现为低盐水向西输送。赤道过程分为表层过程和次表层过程。表层赤道过程受局地风场驱动,有明显的半年周期;4-5月和10-11月的东向流将赤道西印度洋的高盐水向东输送,其余月份相反;向东的输送较强,年平均表现为净高盐水向东输送。在次表层赤道过程没有明显的季节变化,海流全年一致向东,将海盆西部的高盐水向东输送。     

黄河入海口壬基酚污染分布特征

黄河口表、底层水体和沉积物中壬基酚的浓度分布特征研究结果表明,表层水体中壬基酚浓度为15.7~148.6 ng/L,平均值为47.5 ng/L;底层水体中壬基酚浓度为15.8~52.7ng/L,平均值为31.0 ng/L;表层沉积物中壬基酚浓度为2.31~5.47 ng/g,平均浓度为3.87ng/g。黄河口水体中壬基酚浓度呈现由河道向出海口外逐渐降低的趋势;河道中表层沉积物壬基酚含量高于出海口外。黄河口水体中壬基酚浓度低于文献中报道的海河口水体中的浓度,表层沉积物中壬基酚含量低于珠江口文献报道值。水体中壬基酚浓度超过抑制藤壶附着浓度(10 ng/L),河道最上游的站点水体中的浓度超过影响太平洋牡蛎幼苗的发育并增加幼苗死亡率的浓度(100 ng/L)。     

波浪破碎诱导的海-气无机盐通量的参数化

波浪破碎诱导生成的海盐粒子是海洋向大气输运无机盐的主要机制,海气界面的无机盐通量对于全球气候变化有重要影响。本文开展了实验室实验模拟海盐粒子生成实验,定量考察了温度和盐度对海盐粒子中离子质量分布的影响,揭示了初生海盐粒子中各离子的富集和亏损现象与温度和盐度的关系。基于实验室观测分析结果和推测假定,提出了1个既包含海面风速、又反映海表温度和海表盐度影响的海-气无机盐通量参数化方案。将此参数化方案应用于估计海盐粒子向大气输运的各种无机盐离子质量通量,并与传统方法估算结果进行了比对分析。     

不同过滤条件下黄色物质的吸收光谱演化特征分析

在实验室对青岛近岸现场水样进行处理、分析,获得了原始状态下水样和被过滤（0.22μm,0.45μm）黄色物质水样的吸收光谱数据,除进一步验证了黄色物质光谱分布模式外,还测得黄色物质光吸收随滤膜孔径的变化。30个现场样品在波长380nm处吸收系数统计平均值^—Ay（380）分析表明,当使用0.45μm过滤器对水样进行处理,所获得的^—Ay（380）值要比未经过处理的现场水样所测得的^—Ay（380）值高约2.1％;而用0.22μm过滤器对现场水样进行处理,所获得的^—Ay（380）值要比未经过处理的现场样品所测得的^—Ay（380）值高约12．6％,要比用0．45μm过滤器处理的现场样品所测得的^—Ay（380）值高约10.3％,这些数据的获得为现有已获黄色物质数据的“归一化”和统一评判以及未来黄色物质测量数据的准确性判断与比较提供了参考。     

冬季大风影响下的渤黄海水交换特征

利用ROMS海洋数值模式对2006年冬季渤黄海的海洋动力环境进行模拟,基于温度、盐度模拟结果,使用谱混合模型进行水团分析,定义了渤海海峡地区的水交换区。并进一步讨论了冬季大风事件对水交换区的影响,给出了冬季大风影响下的渤黄海水交换特征。研究得出,冬季的黄海水团以“舌”形分布于渤海海峡地区,水交换区则表现为沿“舌”形边缘呈带状分布,具有西北——东南的走向趋势,并且在“舌”尖处的水交换面积最大。通过缩小研究范围,发现位于黄海最北部的沿岸海域并不参与渤黄海之间的水体交换。最后研究发现,冬季大风事件对渤海水交换具有促进作用,具体表现为：大风过程使黄海暖流对渤海的入侵更加深入,水交换区向渤海方向伸展,南部的水交换带变宽,河流径流进入渤海后与渤海水的混合区加大,并发生北移。     

pCO2 and carbon fluxes across sea-air interface in the Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay

Partial pressure of CO2(pCO2) was investigated in the Changjiang(Yangtze River) Estuary,Hangzhou Bay and their adjacent areas during a cruise in August 2004,China.The data show that pCO2 in surface waters of the studied area was higher than that in the atmosphere with only exception of a patch east of Zhoushan Archipelago.The pCO2 varied from 168 to 2 264 μatm,which fell in the low range compared with those of other estuaries in the world.The calculated sea-air CO2 fluxes decreased offshore and varied from -10.0 to 88.1 mmol m-2 d-1 in average of 24.4 ± 16.5 mmol m-2 d-1.Although the area studied was estimated only 2 × 104 km2,it emitted(5.9 ± 4.0) × 103 tons of carbon to the atmosphere every day.The estuaries and their plumes must be further studied for better understanding the role of coastal seas playing in the global oceanic carbon cycle.     

Study on the isotherms of the interaction between suspended particles and Cu (II) in the Huanghe River

The isotherms of the interaction between the suspended particles and Cu²⁺, and the effects of lysine and asparaginic acid on the isotherms in the Huanghe (Yellow) River were studied by applying the theory and method of interfacial stepwise ion/coordination particle exchange. We obtained a new stepped river isotherm, formed by two curves joined together with a “plateau” in the middle. The adsorption equilibrium constantsK ₁ andK ₂ were calculated by using the isothermal equation of surface stepwise ion exchange. Amino acid in small amount promotes exchange adsorption of the suspended particles with Cu²⁺. The degree of promotive action relates to the isoelectric point of amino acid. The promotive effect of lysine is bigger than that of asparaginic acid. Project 29361001 supported by NSFC.