Experimental Study on the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of a Submersible Fish Cage at Various Depths in Waves

Submersible fish cages can be submerged under the water to mitigate the negative effects that arise from severe sea conditions and improve the growing environment for the farmed fish. Thus they are increasingly applied in offshore aquaculture. To ensure both safety and economic efficiency of submersible fish cages, it is important to determine the optimum submergence depth. In this study, a series of physical model experiments were conducted to investigate the hydrodynamic performance of a submersible fish cage at various submergence depths(1/6, 1/4, 1/3, and 1/2 of the water depth as well as the floating condition for reference) with a model scale of 1:20. The results of the physical model experiment for the different depths were compared to analyze the effects of submergence depths on the mooring line tension and the movement of the floating collar. The results showed that the mooring line tension and the floating collar movement significantly attenuated with increasing submergence depth. However, the attenuation tendency became stable when the fish cage reached a certain depth. According to the results, 1/3 of water depth was determined as the optimal submergence depth of the fish cages. Deeper submergence depths showed no significant advantage from a perspective of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the fish cage. The determination of the optimum submergence depth is beneficial for the structural design and operation safety of submersible net cages.     

基于层次分析法的载人深潜器潜航员职业特征研究

以层次分析法理论为基础,对载人深潜器潜航员职业特征进行分层次建模,采用3个层次63个要素对潜航员职业特征进行描述,结合与潜航员相关的一线专家队伍调研数据,采用定性判断与定量计算相结合的手段得到各要素之间的重要性量化权重,客观地反映潜航员职业所需的能力、知识、技能等各个层次、各个要素之间的关系,为我国潜航员的科学选拔、科学培养、科学管理提供决策依据。     

基于OpenFOAM的潜堤—双弧板组合结构水动力特性数值研究

鉴于双弧板式透空堤的消浪性能仍不理想,提出了一种潜堤—双弧板组合结构,并基于OpenFOAM软件建立了波浪与该结构相互作用的数值模型,采用试验结果对所建数值模型进行验证。在此基础上,讨论了该新型结构的消浪特性、波压力分布特征以及所受波浪力的影响因素。结果表明,透射系数随相对板宽的增大而减小,反射系数则相反。透射与反射系数随相对潜深的变化较为显著。当结构位于静水位上方（即相对潜深为-0.05）时,透射系数最小而反射系数最大;当结构位于静水位下方（即相对潜深为0.05）时,透射系数最大而反射系数最小。该组合结构两块弧板上下表面的正负压力变化关于横轴近似对称,不同测点处的压力值差异显著。水平波浪力与垂直波浪力的变化趋势大致相似,但垂直波浪力远大于水平波浪力。研究结果可为其工程应用提供理论指导与技术支撑。     

Assessing marine debris in deep seafloor habitats off California

Marine debris is a global concern that pollutes the world’s oceans, including deep benthic habitats where little is known about the extent of the problem. We provide the first quantitative assessment of debris on the seafloor (20-365 m depth) in submarine canyons and the continental shelf off California, using the Delta submersible. Fishing activities were the most common contributors of debris. Highest densities occurred close to ports off central California and increased significantly over the 15-year study period. Recreational monofilament fishing line dominated this debris. Debris was less dense and more diverse off southern than central California. Plastic was the most abundant material and will likely persist for centuries. Disturbance to habitat and organisms was low, and debris was used as habitat by some fishes and macroinvertebrates. Future trends in human activities on land and at sea will determine the type and magnitude of debris that accumulates in deep water.     

深海载人潜水器潜航员培养模式探究

为了加快建立深海载人潜水器潜航员体系,实现深海载人潜水器业务化运行,提高我国载人深潜科考作业水平,文章结合"深海进入、深海探测、深海开发"战略需要,分析研究了载人潜水器作业环境、作业需求和潜航员岗位要求。提出了能力、知识、技能三位一体化的培养模式和基于专家系统课程设置架构,实践表明该培养模式科学、严谨,极大地推动了"蛟龙"号载人潜水器潜航员队伍的培育,对未来我国深海载人潜水器潜航员培养具有重要的指导意义。结合培训的实际情况,让潜航员培养工作顺利开展,提出构建科学的管理体制、完善潜航员培养保障机制、建立系统的制度保障制度等建议。     

BZ34-3／5小边际油田的开发模式和电潜泵采油技术的应用

开展海上边际油田的开发研究是开发海上油田的三大技术难题之一。BZ34-3／5油田是渤海海域的小边际油田,针对该边际油田“现有油田附近含油构造”特点采用了“三一”开发模式和两腿三桩轻型平台,并且采用了一井双泵采油技术,自投产以来日产油达300多立方米,这标志着该海上小边际油田建成并成功投产,达到了预期的目的,并取得了较好的经济效益。该油田的开发和开采模式对于边际油田的开发具有普遍意义,因此简要介绍了该油田开发模式和电潜泵采油技术的应用。     

“蛟龙”号载人潜水器安全保障制度构建研究

为实现国家投资重大深海装备——"蛟龙"号载人潜水器的安全高效运行,文章分析研究了"蛟龙"号载人潜水器安全保障管理特点,针对我国科技管理体制和"蛟龙"号管理技术要求,提出了"三位一体"制度体系的构建方法,在"蛟龙"号海试与试验性应用规范要求的基础上,建立了由管理规定、实施办法、操作规程和技术手册组成的多层级"蛟龙"号管理制度体系。通过大洋37航次的试验性应用,充分证明该体系建设方法的有效性,可为我国其他深海装备管理制度体系建设提供参考方案。     

Detailed Study of Three Contiguous Segments of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge,South of the Azores (37° N to 38°30′ N), Using Acoustic Imaging Coupled with Submersible Observations

Using a new tool of seafloor characterisation (sonar images from FARA-SIGMA cruise; Needham et al., 1992), coupled with submersible observations (DIVA1 cruise) we compare, at different scales of observation, three contiguous segments of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, South of the Azores Triple Junction, between 37° N and 38°30 N.The two northernmost segments (38°20 N and Menez-Gwen) show unusual morphological features for the MAR; the rift valley is absent and the present-day magmatism is focused on shallow axial volcanoes. On the third segment (Lucky Strike), the morphology is the one usually found on the MAR. On the Menez-Gwen and 38°20 N segments, volcanic constructional activity can obliterate, during periods of high magmatic supply, the morphology inherited from tectonic activity. The dive results constrain the recent evolution of each segment and show that a temporal variability in volcanic dynamics exists. On the three segments, outcrops of eruptive lavas alternate with large areas of explosive volcanic ejecta. This cycle in volcanic activity is influenced by changes in water depth, both spatially (i.e. between segments) and temporally (i.e. for the same segment through time).Each segment has known a specific history in its accretionary processes with a succession of tectonic and volcanic predominance and changes in its volcanic phases between volcanic ejecta and effusive dynamics.The hydrothermal activity is focused at the central part of each segment and is controlled by the presence of fresh lava and major tectonic features.     

载人潜水器发展现状及趋势研究

随着我国综合国力的提升和战略安全环境及新空间的需求,习总书记提出了“海洋强国”的战略目标及深海进入、深海探测、深海开发的发展三部曲战略构想。海洋强国的发展离不开大型运载装备的进步,载人潜水器不仅对资源调查与科学研究做过杰出的贡献,而且在军事界领域也产生过深远的的影响。本文对国内外载人潜水器的应用发展现状进行了重点研究,对世界范围内重型深海载人潜水器及轻型中浅海载人潜水器的应用进展现状进行了全面调研研究,同时介绍了我国蛟龙号、深海勇士号等载人潜水器应用发展情况,也对世界范围内载人潜水器的技术性能和应用情况进行了分析对比,在此基础上,展望了载人潜水器的发展趋势,并讨论了潜水器装备的未来技术进展。     

潜水器在深海生物多样性研究中的应用进展

简要介绍了世界主要海洋国家潜水器的建设情况,并重点分析了潜水器在深海不同生境生物多样性研究中的应用,包括热液系统、冷泉、海山、峡谷和海沟等,以及深海生物多样性保护等几个方面。旨在为我国深海生物多样性研究提供参考,并推动我国潜水器在深海科学考察中的应用。