芙蓉岛秋季鸟类生物多样性研究

为了解芙蓉岛鸟类生态类群和多样性,本文以2019年9月芙蓉岛鸟类调查数据为基础,利用样点法对芙蓉岛鸟类的种类、生态类群、区系、居留型和鸟类多样性等进行了研究。结果表明：本次调查共记录鸟类5目15科31种,其中国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类7种,列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约及有效决议汇编》附录Ⅲ中的鸟类1种。从生态类群构成上：鸣禽19种,猛禽7种,涉禽4种,陆禽1种;从鸟类地理区系构成上：广布种23种,古北种7种,东洋界1种;从居留类型构成上：冬候鸟5种,留鸟3种,旅鸟17种,夏候鸟、冬候鸟和旅鸟混合类型6种。鸟类群落多样性指数（H’）为3.83,均匀度指数（J）为0.77。芙蓉岛鸟类优势种为红嘴鸥（Larus ridibundus）、家燕（Hirundo rustica）和树麻雀（Passer montanus）。本文对芙蓉岛鸟类生物多样性进行了报道,对芙蓉岛鸟类资源的本底调查以及该区域鸟类生物多样性保护具有重要意义。     

深海底钻机自动接杆卸杆储管机构

本文介绍了一种深海底使用的钻杆钻具储管机构的工作原理和结构特点。按照深海底钻孔工艺,设计了自动接杆、卸杆、存储机构。这一种机构采用两个单排转笼式储管架,分别存放钻杆和钻具管组件。每一个储管架各配备一双机械手,用于夹持钻杆和钻具在孔口位和储管架管口位之间的移送和卡紧定位。该机构可靠性高,取心率高,结构简单,方便操作。     

公益性油气地质调查“十三五”工作进展与“十四五”远景展望

"十三五"期间, 公益性油气调查立足支撑国家能源安全保障工作定位, 针对新区、新层系、新类型、新领域开展基础地质调查和战略选区评价, 相继在长江经济带页岩气、松辽盆地陆相页岩油气、北方新区新层系油气, 以及煤层气等非常规油气地质调查领域取得了突破性成果, 解决了一批油气基础地质问题和工程技术难题。初步构建起长江经济带页岩气勘探开发新格局, 有力推动了松辽盆地陆相页岩油气勘探开发进程。优选的勘查区块有效支撑国家油气勘查开采体制改革, 助推形成了多处油气页岩气资源基地。"十四五"时期, 油气地质调查需要依靠科技创新和信息化两大引擎, 突出大型盆地整体结构调查和综合评价, 聚焦非常规、深层油气, 优选优质勘查区块, 着力支撑油气勘查开采体制改革与矿产资源管理改革, 推动构建公益性与商业性油气勘探有效衔接新机制, 服务油气资源产业高质量发展。     

碳酸盐裂隙油气藏地震特征响应及应用探讨

根据地震特征参数,利用ＢＰ网络进行油气预测是一种常用的地球物理方法。作者在此基础上,根据已知裂隙油气藏,通过特征参数优化,在裂隙油气藏中,寻找到一组油气响应较强的地震特征参数,并用这些特征参数进行裂隙油气藏的识别,效果比例用全部地球特征油气识别要好。     

Oil dispersal modelling: reanalysis of the Rena oil spill using open-source modelling tools

ABSTRACT

Oil spill forecast modelling is typically used immediately after a spill to predict oil dispersal and promote mobilisation of more effective response operations. The aim of this work was to map oil dispersal after the grounding of the MV Rena on Astrolabe Reef and to verify the results against observations. Model predictions were broadly consistent with observed distribution of oil contamination. However, some hot spots of oil accumulation, likely due to surf-zone and rip current circulation, were not well represented. Additionally, the model was run with 81 differing wind conditions to show that the events occurring during the grounding represented the typical likely behaviour of an oil spill on Astrolabe Reef. Oil dispersal was highly dependent on prevailing wind patterns; more accurate prediction would require better observations of local wind patterns. However, comparison of predictions with observations indicated that the GNOME model was an effective low-cost approach.     

The comprehensive evaluation of China＇s urbanization and effects on resources and environment

This paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system for the urbanization level in China in terms of four aspects of urbanization connotation: population, economy, society, and land. A comprehensive measurement is carried out for the Chinese urbanization between 1981 and 2006 based on the Entropy method. The results show that the comprehensive level of urbanization in China has a continuous increase with the major features of economic growth and a rapid evolution of the geographical landscape, followed by population urbanization and then social urbanization of health care standard; the distinguished evolutional characteristics can also be found in each of the subsystems. The integrated evolution of urbanization has a profound effect on the resources, energy and the environment, making the land resources and energy security situation under severe pressure. The environment pressure is also increased further.     

Scale impacts on spatial variability in reference evapotranspiration

ABSTRACT

Evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the most important components in the hydrological cycle, and a key variable in hydrological modelling and water resources management. However, understanding the impacts of spatial variability in ET and the appropriate scale at which ET data should be incorporated into hydrological models, particularly at the regional scale, is often overlooked. This is in contrast to dealing with the spatial variability in rainfall data where existing guidance is widely available. This paper assesses the impacts of scale on the estimation of reference ET (ETo) by comparing data from individual weather stations against values derived from three national datasets, at varying resolutions. These include the UK Climate Impacts Programme 50 km climatology (UKCP₅₀), the UK Met Office 5 km climatology (UKMO₅) and the regional values published in the Agricultural Climate of England and Wales (ACEW). The national datasets were compared against the individual weather station data and the UKMO₅ was shown to provide the best estimate of ETo at a given site. The potential impacts on catchment modelling were then considered by mapping variance in ETo to show how geographical location and catchment size can have a major impact, with small lowland catchments having much higher variance than those with much larger areas or in the uplands. Some important implications for catchment hydrological modelling are highlighted.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor L. Ruiz     

航海雷达溢油监测的同频干扰降噪处理方法研究

首先提出了在平面坐标下进行航海雷达同频干扰噪声处理;再采用卷积运算方法和Otsu算法分割航海雷达原始数据中的同频干扰噪声信号;最后应用横向均值运算方法处理同频干扰噪声。这种处理方法在对同频干扰进行降噪处理的同时,保留了含有溢油信息的海浪杂波信号,为航海雷达溢油监测技术的研究提供了更为准确的基础数据。     

中国原油进口地域格局演进分析

随着能源消耗的增加,中国能源缺口不断扩大,原油进口依存度也随之攀升,实施进口来源多元化战略的重要性日益突出,而多元化战略应该确立在总体把握石油进口地域格局的基础之上。本文以1997～2008年间中国原油进口源地分布入手,分析了此时间段内进口原油的地域格局、原油进口格局的演变特征及演变轨迹,探讨了影响原油贸易地域格局的主要因素与原油贸易空间格局的形成与演进机制,为进一步探索其演化趋势,更好地实施进口多元化战略奠定基础。     

樊家川油田储层渗流单元分析及其剩余油分布

樊家川油田已进入开发后期,为了精确预测层内剩余油潜力,解剖更小级别的储层非均质单元分布,在储层沉积微相研究的基础上,应用储层FZI值进行单一河流沉积单元的渗流单元划分,并讨论了成因砂体与渗流单元的关系以及渗流单元中剩余油分布规律,从而提高了剩余油预测的精度。