DGPS测深技术在海底管道工程中的应用

简要介绍了差分全球定位系统(DGPS)的基本定位原理、DGPS测深技术中水深测量系统的硬件组成。重点分析了福建LNG站线湄洲湾海底管道工程成功采用DGPS测深技术进行勘测作业,使测量精度和工程效率得到极大地提高。这一工程实践经验说明,DGPS测深技术逐步为海底管道工程所采用,但其是一个不断探索、不断完善的过程,对今后我国沿海地区的海底管道工程的勘测建设具有一定的借鉴作用。     

天然气水合物勘查声学深拖系统研发方案

随着海底天然气水合物勘查工作的深入发展,近海底探测技术的应用越来越多,声学深拖技术的应用便是其中之一。简要介绍了目前深海探测中使用的多种弱正浮力型及重力型声学深拖系统,提出了用于天然气水合物勘查的重力型声学深拖系统的自主研发思路,论述了研发工作涉及到的若干关键技术。     

The Vigny limestones: a record of Palaeocene (Danian) tectonic-sedimentary events in the Paris Basin

Danian marine sedimentation in the Paris Basin occurred between two major erosional phases. The earlier was responsible for the stripping of presumably deposited Maastrichtian sediments and of a variable thickness of Campanian chalk. The later occurred during the late Palaeocene and resulted in the erosion of almost all Danian deposits, which are now limited to small and scattered outcrops. One of these outcrops corresponds to reefal and peri‐reefal limestones of middle to late Danian age, exposed in the quarries of Vigny (NW of Paris). Danian deposits here show intricate relations with the surrounding Campanian chalk. Danian sedimentation was contemporaneous with faulting, which generated signifiant sea‐floor relief and resulted in contrasting depositional areas: topographic highs with coralgal reefs, and depressions where calcirudite channel fill accumulated. Normal faulting occurred along WNW–ESE master faults. The generation of submarine fault scarps gave rise to various types of gravity‐driven phenomena, including the sliding and slumping of large blocks of reefal limestone and the deposition of carbonate debris flows. Along with the redeposition of the Danian carbonates, flows of fluidized and reworked Campanian chalk resulted from the peculiar physical properties of the undercompacted chalks. Erosion and faulting occurred predominantly during the Palaeocene and represent a major episode in the physiographic evolution of the Paris Basin.     

关于热水沉积物稀土配分模式的讨论

海底热水沉积物的稀土配分模式取决于流体的密度和流方式,低密度热流体的沉积物稀配合模式类似于海水模式,高密度热流体的沉积物没有固定的稀土配分模式,在判别热水沉积物时不宜单独使用稀土配分模式。     

基于AHP法和灰色模式识别理论的海底管道系统路由定量风险评估

根据海底管道路由潜在风险的特点及风险类型,提出了一种将层次分析法（AHP法）和灰色模式识别理论相结合的海底管道系统路由定量风险评估方法,该方法利用AHP确定风险评价指标体系,运用灰色模式识别理论,建立识别结果标准,并结合实际工程进行计算,计算结果表明该方法是可行的.     

Analysis of Safe Span Length and Fatigue Life of Submarine Pipelines

Owing to the complex environmental conditions, suspension could induce complicated forces on submarine pipelines and even cause vortex-induced vibration, resulting in fatigue damage of pipelines. Through aiming at the 28-inch submarine pipeline in the East China Sea, the pipeline was segmented according to the similarity, considering the factors of pipe assembly, typhoon, current, wave and seabed topography. The effects of span length on natural frequency in each section of submarine pipeline were analyzed by finite element model. The maximum safe span length allowed by each pipeline section was verified by fatigue cumulative damage theory, and the fatigue life of each pipeline section were predicted. The results showed that each order natural frequency of the pipeline decreased with the increase of span length. The calculated results of empirical formulas were much smaller than those of the FEM analysis. The increase of the gap between the suspended pipeline and the seabed was beneficial to enhance the fatigue life of the suspended pipeline.     

多波束声参数在海底热液区底质分类中的应用——以东太平洋海隆“宝石山”热液区为例

多波束声纳底质分类可以高效且全覆盖地认识海底底质类型及其分布特征。应用Simrad EM120多波束声纳对东太平洋海隆附近的"宝石山"热液区进行底质分类,一方面可以研究多波束声参数在深水热液区进行底质分类的效果,挖掘多波束声纳在海底底质分类方面的应用潜力;另一方面,通过研究热液区的底质取样、摄像以及多波束声纳资料,建立综合分析热液区底质的模式,获得热液区的底质类型及其分布特征。通过提取与底质属性相关的声纳回波反向散射强度数据,形成"宝石山"热液区的声纳图像,并结合该区域的取样与海底摄像资料,综合分析该热液区的底质类型及其分布特征,结果表明,沉积物在该热液区的喷口西侧广泛分布,在喷口周围主要是基岩与砾石的混杂底质。     

塔里木盆地塔东地区中—上奥陶统海底扇浊积岩层序地层格架及沉积特征

塔东地区是塔里木盆地重要的油气资源战略接替区域之一。在剖面、测井和岩心资料的基础上,以Cross的高分辨率层序地层学理论为指导,对区内中—上奥陶统海底扇相浊积岩进行了初步的层序地层分析,识别出了6个三级层序,并建立了横向连井层序地层对比格架,揭示了地层的时空展布规律。在对海底扇相沉积特征研究的基础上,首次以三级层序为单位勾绘了6期海底扇扇体形态的平面展布图,分析了各期扇体的平面展布特征;最后,依据扇体形态,结合其岩性特征和重矿物分析,对海底扇的物源方向进行了初步的探讨,得出该区海底扇物源应来自北部的库鲁克塔格地区,研究成果为本区今后的油气勘探工作提供了依据。     

土体约束对海底管道整体屈曲的影响机理研究

高温高压下海底管道的整体屈曲稳定性分析是管道设计的重要组成部分,而选取多长的管道进行分析对其整体屈曲稳定性结果影响显著。依据临界管长将管道分为"长管"与"短管",基于动力显式分析方法,揭示了长管与短管在发生整体屈曲过程中,屈曲幅值与波长、管壁轴向压力、轴向应变及轴向位移的变化规律;研究了土体约束力影响管道临界长度的规律性,分析了土体约束力系数对长管与短管整体屈曲变形的影响。研究发现,土体约束力对短管的整体屈曲行为影响显著,短管的整体屈曲幅值随土体约束力系数的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势。该项研究对区分不同长度管道的整体屈曲类型进而采取有效防控措施具有重要参考价值。     

海底管道开沟机械的技术经济性能评定与选型

本文在对水下管道开沟机械的需求市场、实际应用和研制开发动向作深入调研的基础上，选择水下管道开沟机械特有的技术先进性、适用性、安全可靠性以及经济性评价指标，构造评价模型，对水下管道施工作业中广为应用的水力冲射开沟机械、海底管道犁、机械开沟机和土壤液化法埋管设备及其机型的技术经济性能作了较为详尽地分析对比及综合评价。在此基础上，笔者提出了水下管道开沟机械的一般选型原则和对我国海底管道开沟机械研究开发工