汕头海域海底光缆路由条件及评价

根据在东南亚至日本海底光缆汕头段（300m水深以浅）路由勘察中所获得的多波束、侧扫声纳、浅地层剖面、柱状取样等资料,结合勘察区的自然环境特征,对路由区的自然环境条件、海底工程地质条件进行了详细的分析,并对该段路由条件进行了综合评价。研究表明,此段路由在大陆架区域路由条件较好,适合海底光缆的铺设;在大陆架与大陆坡结合带路南条件相对较差,应做好应对措施。     

广东英德红岩黄铁矿床古水下隆起的控矿作用及矿床成因

红岩黄铁矿床是产于广东英德盆地中泥盆统东岗岭碳酸盐地层中的一个层控矿床。作者经详细研究之后,认为在含矿地层沉积时就存在着一个古水下隆起,由于古水下隆起控制了古地形,因而表现出不同的沉积作用。在矿区的中部东岗岭组较薄,主要为潮坪一泻湖相,而矿区的东、西部东岗岭组沉积较厚,表现为礁滩相。黄铁矿在东岗岭组沉积期和成岩早期沉积并再富集。 在东岗岭组成岩的晚期发生白云岩化作用。来自下伏地层砂岩、泥岩的富含Mg、Fe的水与孔隙水以及地下淡水发生混合引起了灰岩的白云岩化,以及矿源层中成矿元素的活化,并与来自砂岩和泥岩中的成矿物质叠加在一起。在白云岩中,特别是在古水下隆起之上经白云岩化之后,含矿溶液经过充填和交代作用而形成红岩矿床。显微镜研究,微量元素分析,硫、铅、氧、碳同位素研究的结果都支持这一成岩成矿模式。     

Submarine canyons on the north of Chiwei Island:influenced by recent extension of the southern Okinawa Trough

Based on new multibeam bathymetric data and about 300 km long single seismic profiles, three topographic units were identified： the canyons, fractural valley and submarine terrace on the north of Chiwei Island where is a structural transition zone between the southern trough and the middle trough. The Chiwei Canyon and the North Chiwei Canyon are two of the largest canyons in the East China Sea （ECS） slope. Topographic features and architectures of them are described. The study shows that both of them are originated along faults. The evolution and spatial distribution of topographic units in the study area are controlled mainly by three groups of faults which were formed and reactive in the recent extensional phase of Okinawa Trough. The Chiwei Canyon was initia- ted during the middle Pleistocene and guided by F4 that is a N--S trending fault on the slope and F1, a large NW--SE trending fault on the trough. The pathway migration from the remnant channel to the present one of Chiwei Canyon is the result of uplift of tilted fault block that is coupled to the recent extension movements of the southern trough. The submarine terrace is detached from the ECS slope by the NEE -trending fault. The North Chiwei Canyon, developing during the late Pleistocene, is guided by FS, a N-S trending fault, diverted and blocked by the submarine terrace.     

基于223Ra和224Ra的桑沟湾海底地下水排放通量

海底地下水排放（SGD）是陆地向海洋输送水量和营养物质的重要通道之一,对沿海物质通量及其生物地球化学循环有重要的影响,对生态环境起着不可忽视的作用。本文运用天然放射性同位素223Ra和224Ra示踪估算了我国北方典型养殖基地桑沟湾的海底地下水排放通量。结果表明,海底地下水样尤其是间隙水中Ra活度[224Ra=（968±31）dpm/（100 L）,223Ra=（31.4±4.9）dpm/（100 L）,n=9]远高于表层海水[224Ra=（38.7±2.0）dpm/（100 L）,223Ra=（1.70±0.50）dpm/（100 L）, n=21]。假设稳态条件下,考虑Ra的各源、汇项,利用Ra平衡模型,估算出桑沟湾SGD排放通量为（0.23~1.03）×107 m3/d。潮周期内的观测结果显示,涨潮时,水力梯度较小,SGD排放变弱,落潮时,水力梯度较大,导致了相对较多的SGD排放。在一个潮周期间,基于223Ra和224Ra得到的SGD排放通量平均为0.39×107 m3/d。潮汐动力下的SGD排放平均占总SGD排放的61%,因此桑沟湾沿岸的地下水排放主要受潮汐动力的影响,并对海水组成及海陆间物质交换有显著贡献。     

关于热水沉积物稀土配分模式的讨论

海底热水沉积物的稀土配分模式取决于流体的密度和流方式,低密度热流体的沉积物稀配合模式类似于海水模式,高密度热流体的沉积物没有固定的稀土配分模式,在判别热水沉积物时不宜单独使用稀土配分模式。     

琼东南盆地西区黄流组重力流水道沉积特征及其控制因素

近年来,琼东南盆地西区中新统岩性圈闭是南海天然气勘探的热点,发现多个中—大型气田,已发现的气田为海底扇、重力流水道储集体。为了发现更多油气,提高重力流水道的勘探成功率,应加强重力流水道识别及控制因素分析。利用三维地震资料、已钻井岩芯、壁芯、测录井、地层微电阻率扫描成像（FMI）测井及分析化验等资料,对琼东南盆地西区黄流组重力流水道的地震相、岩-电相、沉积构造等沉积特征及其控制因素进行了综合研究。结果表明,琼东南盆地西区黄流组发育早、晚2期水道,主要发育主水道、漫溢-天然堤、滑塌泥、水道间和陆坡泥5种沉积微相。2期水道的形成演化和主物源方向主要受控于海平面变化、古地貌及构造活动。黄流组早期水道主要发育在莺歌海-琼东南盆地结合部,表现为数量多、规模较小、分支性强、辫状化等特征;黄流组晚期水道限制于乐东-陵水凹陷中央峡谷内,表现为单支轴向限制性水道、纵向上多期发育的特征。     

自返式微型地热探针水下运动及贯入特性分析

自返式微型地热探针水下运动特性以及其贯入深度关系到其能否正常入泥工作,针对自返式微型地热探针的结构,对其进行简化,建立物理模型。并针对海洋流场及海洋底质,抽取关键参数,建立探针投放过程中的流场模型和底质模型。将所建立模型导入数据分析软件,先分析探针在投放过程中竖直方向和水平方向的相关运动特性,然后拟合为探针下行过程中下行深度和横向漂移的轨迹图,可见其水平方向最大位移约为106 m。在理论上论证了探针在下行过程中的姿态稳定性。通过计算论证了自返式微型探针在依靠自身重力的情况下,自动贯入海底沉积物进行热流测量工作方式的可行性。并在最后通过海上试验,对分析结果进行了实践验证。     

Escape route analysis after water inrush from the working face during submarine tunnel excavation

More and more deep-seated long submarine tunnels are under construction, which greatly promotes the development of tunneling technology. The complex geological conditions and frequent geological disasters have become great challenges during submarine tunnel excavation. Among them, casualties and economic losses caused by water inrush are on the top levels in all kinds of tunnel geological disasters. Escape routes after water inrush from the working face during submarine tunnel excavation are investigated and optimized in the present study. Numerical simulations are performed using the FLUENT software to probe water flow characteristics after inrush. Two common cases of water inrush during double-line submarine tunnel excavation are researched. The variation rules of velocity and pressure in the tunnels after inrush are analyzed and discussed. The optimized escape routes are achieved. Finally, the water movement laws after inrush from the working face under different excavation situations are further discussed by comparing the two case studies. Water inrush of high velocity occurs on one working face of the double-line submarine tunnel, and the research results are as follows: (1) The velocity close to the tunnel side wall is the minimum, while it is the maximum in the middle position. (2) The pressure changes greatly at the intersection area of the cross passage and the tunnels. (3) The velocity and pressure nearby the working face without water inrush are both small. (4) The velocity at the high location of the cross passage is relatively small.     

海底浅层气的成因、赋存特征及其对工程的危害

利用1986～1992年珠江口盆地灾害地质与工程地质调查、2000～2001年亚太光缆网络系统路由调查等获得的资料,对海底浅层气的分布与赋存特征作了分析研究,认为海底浅层气主要分布于河口与陆架地区,以层状、团(块)状、高压气囊及气底辟等4种形态赋存于海底,在侧扫声纳、浅地层剖面等图像中有4种主要识别标志。海底浅层气常常会给基础工程施工带来严重影响,因此,对其给工程带来的影响及危害应予以足够的重视。     

大洋海底矿产资源研究现状及其发展趋势

围绕中国大洋矿产资源开发的发展计划,概括介绍了大洋海底矿产资源研究的动态、重大成果和发展趋势,希望在我国的大洋工作当中加强系统论指导下的海底成矿系统研究,重视深海探测技术的发展,争取今后在多种资源矿区申请工作中有的放矢、把握主动。