低渗透油藏注采井间压力分布与流态响应研究

利用非线性数学模型,能够全程描述低渗透油藏的非线性流动规律,从理论上给出了低渗透油藏中流态分布的计算方法,分析了注采压差、注采井距和地层渗透率对流态分布的影响,指出了流体在低渗透油藏中以特低速度流动时压力分布的特点,纠正了前人在这个问题上的认识失误。实际岩芯的渗流试验检验了理论的正确性。     

地面磁测在巴西低纬度区铁矿勘查中的应用效果

通过对巴西某铁矿磁异常的处理分析,总结了层控型磁铁石英岩铁矿的磁异常特征,并利用化极与三维反演相结合的数据处理与分析手段,对磁异常携带的磁性体信息进行了更深的剖析和提取,通过化极结果圈定了磁性分布范围,利用三维反演结果确定了磁性体在地下的展布形态,钻孔验证结果充分说明物探推断的准确性.工作区位于低磁纬度区,这里提出的数据处理方法为低磁纬度区磁异常的认识提供了成功实例.     

海底可控源电磁采集站的低时漂技术研究

海洋可控源电磁方法要求位于海底的多台可控源电磁采集站对微弱的电磁信号进行长期同步连续观测,对各台采集站的时间一致性严格要求。为解决海底无法进行GPS授时这一技术难题,提出了以高稳OCXO(恒温晶体振荡器)与精确授时GPS结合为硬件基础,形成通过下水前对钟、出水后对钟以及时漂补偿等组成的低时漂技术。通过室内及海洋试验,实现了多台海底可控源电磁采集站同步观测,显著降低数据同步误差。     

Distribution Patterns of Pentacyclic TriterpenoidHydrocarbons in Low-Mature Source Rocksfrom Eastern China

Four typical distribution patterns of pentacyclic triterpenoid hydrocarbons (types A-D) are distinguished in the low-mature source rocks from eastern China. Type A has a relatively high content of pentacyclic triterpenes. It exists in immature sediments and the distribution and abundance of triterpenes vary with the maturity of the sediments. An unknown C30 triterpene (UCT2) has also been detected in very shallow sediments. This compound is very unstable and disappears rapidly with the increase of depth. Type B is characterized by a relatively high amount of 17α(H), 21β(H)-30-homohopane. This kind of distribution pattern is common in coals and terrestrial sediments of low maturity. Type C has a relatively high content of diahopane and neohopane series. The analysis shows that this distribution pattern may have an indirect relationship with the input of higher plants despite its microbial source. There are C30-unconfirmed triterpane (UCT2) and a relatively high content of C35 hopane in type D. The dist     

浅谈低山丘陵地区1/5万地质灾害调查工作——以江西省定南县为例

近年来,全国各省市陆续在开展1/5万地质灾害调查工作,不同地貌区地质灾害发育情况不同,调查方法与要求亦有区别。平原岗丘地区往往存在地质灾害点达不到观测点数量要求,需要增加地质环境点来满足精度;而西南高山区灾害点少但规模大,许多灾害点往往要通过大比例尺的测绘才能调查清楚。相比之下,低山丘陵地区地质灾害点具有点多面广的特点,规模多为小型,调查任务艰巨。本文以江西省定南县为例,阐述低山丘陵地区1/5万县(市)地质灾害调查的技术方法与认识,以期对类似地区的调查有所帮助。     

下扬子地区若干上地幔橄榄岩的显微构造研究

本文对下扬子区内２个玄武岩产地（江苏六合瓜埠山、安徽当涂釜山）的幔源包体进行研究,结果表明本区上地幔尖晶石二辉橄榄岩具原生粒状结构、碎斑结构、板状镶嵌等粒结构及部分熔融结构四种类型。在光学岩组图上显示出从原生粒状结构→碎斑结构→板状镶嵌等粒结构,其橄榄石光性方位优选性逐渐增强。变形橄榄石滑移轴为［１００］,滑移面以｛０ｋ１｝为主,（０１０）次之。高温高压人工变形实验证实,这种滑移系形成于高温低应变速率条件下。橄榄石位错类型多样,（１００）、（００１）位错壁分布广泛,位错壁间距显示对数正态分布特征．估算的本区上地幔高温蠕交流动差异应力为（１０．９～１１．５ＭＰａ）。上地幔流变速率、流动应力、等效粘滞度与深度关系指示本区新生代大地构造性质为大陆拉张带或大陆裂谷带。     

Early Cambrian high pressure/low temperature metamorphism in the southeastern Tarim craton in response to circum-Gondwana cold subduction

The circum-Gondwana subduction initiated by the early Cambrian has been suggested to reflect the establishment of the modern plate tectonics. The metamorphic rocks with low thermobaric (T/P) ratios indicative of cold subduction in the present tectonic regime have not been well investigated. To better understand the circum-Gondwana subduction and to test its possible link with the emergence of the modern plate tectonics, this study focused on blueschist-facies metamorphic rocks in the Altyn Tagh of the southeastern Tarim craton. Mineral assemblage and chemistry, phase equilibrium modelling, and quartz-in-garnet Raman elastic geobarometry reveal that the zoisite blueschist and glaucophane (Gln)-bearing quartz schist in northern Altyn Tagh were metamorphosed to lawsonite to epidote blueschist-facies at 520–545 °C and 16–19 kbar. It reflects high-pressure (HP)/low temperature (LT) metamorphism with low T/P ratios of <300 °C/GPa and thermal gradients of <10 °C/km. These blueschist-facies metamorphic rocks underwent rapid decompression starting at P-T conditions of <495 °C and <9.6 kbar during exhumation. Ar-Ar geochronology records paragonite Ar-Ar plateau ages of 520–506 Ma for the zoisite blueschist samples and phengite Ar-Ar plateau ages of 522–516 Ma for the Gln-bearing quartz schist samples, suggesting that the peak HP/LT metamorphism occurred prior to ca. 522 Ma. Based on new results and available data from the major Gondwana blocks, cold subduction was suggested to profoundly operate along circum-Gondwana in the early Cambrian after the amalgamation of Gondwana. The extensive circum-Gondwana subduction represents the earliest global cold subduction in Earth’s history associated with the establishment of the modern plate tectonics, as directly recorded by the studied early Cambrian blueschist-facies metamorphic rocks and a dramatic drop in the mean T/P of metamorphism since the early Paleozoic.     

西江枯季径流退水系数与流域特征关系研究

文章采用基于遗传算法的经典退水曲线对西江上游主要站点枯季日平均流量进行研究,所率定的退水系数经验证精度较好,能够反映所在流域的径流特性。通过退水系数与流域面积、下垫面性质、植被覆盖度、多年平均径流深等流域特征关系的分析,发现退水系数值(1)对降雨和蒸散发的变化不敏感,整体上随流域面积和植被覆盖度的增加而减小;(2)随地形高差和下垫面透水性的下降而减小;(3)对喀斯特岩溶地貌尤其敏感,表现为退水系数值较非岩溶地区偏大;(4)随多年平均径流深的增大而增大,二者具有指数函数关系。退水系数与流域特征因子的这些规律,可为无资料流域水文预报提供思考和借鉴。     

松辽盆地地热资源的形成与远景评价

松辽平原在地貌和地质上都是一个盆地。盆地中心区域上地幔隆升形成地幔枕，使本地区成为地壳中的一个热点，具有较高的地热背景。盆地是汇水区，盆地中部地域自然就成为地下热水主要的分布区。松辽盆地地热资源开发远景大有希望。