郑州市地下水源热泵应用适宜性与环境影响分析

本文在分析郑州市现有地温空调系统应用的基础上,从水文地质条件、浅层地温场特征、经济效益等方面分析了郑州市地下水源热泵应用的适宜性,研究了热泵运行对地下水环境的影响,认为地下水源热泵应用效果较好,经济社会效益明显,适宜推广应用,为城市地下水源热泵发展应用提供了依据。     

轻量砂变形及强度特性三轴试验研究

通过三轴试验系统研究了新型土工材料--轻量砂的变形及强度特性。结果表明,不同的配比、龄期使轻量砂具有不同的原生结构强度,围压使不同原生结构强度的土样处于剪胀或剪缩状态,导致发生应变硬化、应变软化以及相应状态下孔压的3种对应形态变化。变形模量随EPS（发泡聚苯乙烯）球粒掺入比的增大而线性减小,随水泥掺入比、龄期增大而线性增大,相同配比的土样变形模量与围压关系不大;三轴抗压强度随EPS球粒掺入比增大而呈负指数关系减小,随水泥掺入比、龄期、围压增大而线性增大,存在水泥掺入比阀值;土骨架转换效应对于土样强度的影响很大,造成了土体单轴、三轴抗压强度分带,高水泥掺入比能够大大弱化EPS颗粒的土骨架效应。结合前人成果,系统地研究了轻量砂密度、无侧限抗压强度的影响因素,引入材料学中比强的概念,提出了单价比强图结合配方公式的方法,对轻量土砂进行配方优化。分析了轻量土砂应力-应变关系转型问题,提出采用无侧限抗压强度来表征不同配比、龄期轻量土砂的原生结构强度。通过试验与数理统计,建立临界围压与原生结构强度的关系,为数值模拟计算与建立本构模型奠定了基础。     

Numerical simulation of migration–accumulation of oil resources

Numerical simulation of oil migration and accumulation is to describe the history of oil migration and accumulation in basin evolution. It is of great value to the evaluation of oil resources and to the determination of the location and amount of oil deposits. This thesis discusses the characteristics of petroleum geology and permeation fluid mechanics. For the three-dimensional problems of Dongying hollow of Shengli Petroleum Oil Field, it puts forward a new model and a kind of modified method of upwind finite difference fractional steps implicit interactive scheme. For the famous hydraulic experiment of secondary migration–accumulation, the numerical simulation test has been done, and both the computational and experimental results are basically identical. For the actual problem of Dongying hollow, the numerical simulation test and the actual conditions are basically coincident. Thus, the well-known problem has been solved.     

Assessment of frozen-ground conditions for engineering geology along the Qinghai–Tibet highway and railway, China

The Qinghai–Tibet Highway and Railway (the Corridor) across the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau traverses 670 km of permafrost and seasonally frozen-ground in the interior of the Plateau, which is sensitive to climatic and anthropogenic environmental changes. The frozen-ground conditions for engineering geology along the Corridor is complicated by the variability in the near-surface lithology, and the mosaic presence of warm permafrost and talik in a periglacial environment. Differential settlement is the major frost-effect problem encountered over permafrost areas. The traditional classification of frozen ground based on the areal distribution of permafrost is too generalized for engineering purposes and a more refined classification is necessary for engineering design and construction. A proposed classification of 51 zones, sub-zones, and sections of frozen ground has been widely adopted for the design and construction of foundations in the portion of the Corridor studied. The mean annual ground temperature (MAGT), near-surface soil types and moisture content, and active faults and topography are most commonly the primary controlling factors in this classification. However, other factors, such as local microreliefs, drainage conditions, and snow and vegetation covers also exert important influences on the features of frozen ground. About 60% of the total length of the Corridor studied possesses reasonably good frozen-ground conditions, which do not need special mitigative measures for frost hazards. However, other sections, such as warm and ice-rich or -saturated permafrost, particularly in the sections in wetlands, ground improvement measures such as elevated land bridges and passive or proactive cooling techniques need to be applied to ensure the long-term stability of thermally unstable, thick permafrost subsoils, and/or refill with non-frost-susceptible soils. Due to the long-history of the construction and management of the Corridor by various government departments, adverse impacts of construction and operation on the permafrost environment have been resulted. It is recommended that an integrated, executable plan for the routing of major construction projects within this transportation corridor be established and long-term monitoring networks installed for evaluating and mitigating the impact from anthropogenic and climatic changes in frozen-ground conditions.     

新疆包古图金矿四矿区L7号脉中的特殊矿物组合及其成矿意义

包古图金矿四矿区L7号脉由浅部的自然砷-石英脉型矿石和深部的辉锑矿-石英脉型矿石组成。矿脉中含罕见的As、Sb矿物,如paakkonenite（Sb₂AsS₂）、自然砷、自然锑、方锑金矿、硫锑金银矿（Au₃Ag₄Sb₁₀S₁₂）等。热液过程划分为5个阶段：黄铁矿-毒砂阶段（Ⅰ）,围岩中形成大量的毒砂和黄铁矿并伴随较强硅化;粗粒石英阶段（Ⅱ）,形成沿围岩壁或围岩角砾的梳状石英;Au-As-Sb矿化阶段（Ⅲ）,形成辉锑矿-自然锑-自然砷-paakkonenite-银金矿-自然金-方锑金矿-硫锑金银矿-辉锑银矿-银锌黝铜矿-斜方砷铁矿-硫铜锑矿-石英;晚期Sb矿化阶段（Ⅳ）,形成与粒状方解石共生的辉锑矿、自然锑和paakkonenite;方解石阶段（Ⅴ）,形成穿切矿体和围岩的方解石（-石英）细脉。辉锑矿和斜方砷铁矿交代毒砂,自然金、方锑金矿、paakkonenite和自然砷交代辉锑矿。辉锑矿的结晶主要受温度和还原S含量的控制,自然砷、自然锑的结晶主要受氧逸度和温度控制。As、Sb分别以自然砷、辉锑矿和自然锑形式存在,同时消耗大量H₂S,流体进入张性空间后也释放H₂S,导致硫逸度急剧降低,含Au络合物失稳而成矿。     

平面应变下结构性对黄土基坑稳定性的影响

鉴于以往很少考虑黄土结构性对基坑开挖的影响,针对目前普遍存在的基坑稳定性问题,开展室内平面应变条件下的真三轴试验,建立黄土结构性与强度之间关系,通过FISH语言将其引入到基坑开挖数值模拟中,分析结构性对基坑开挖的影响。研究表明,结构性参数与强度指标的变化规律与以往研究结果基本一致,表现为结构性参数与黏聚力呈双曲线关系,但参数略有不同,其受摩擦角的影响较小;结构性影响下基坑侧壁出现明显滑带,且此时连续墙的侧向位移大于不考虑其影响时的位移,坑底隆起量亦如此。研究结果对黄土基坑工程的设计和施工具有一定的指导意义。     

海南福基田幔源辉石结构OH与氢氧同位素

采用IR光谱和质谱技术分析了海南福基田幔源巨晶和包体中辉石的结构羟基红外光谱和氢氧同位素。测试的所有巨晶普通辉石和包体中透辉石及顽火辉石均含结构OH,对比印证了国内外同类矿物的红外光谱特征。结构水质量分数分别是:普通辉石87×10-6~389×10-6;透辉石127×10-6~273×10-6;顽火辉石69×10-6~207×10-6。包体中结构水质量分数为1 811×10-6~5 377×10-6,平均为3 133×10-6。包体中辉石的氢氧同位素特征如下:透辉石的δ(D)为-123.17‰,顽火辉石的δ(D)为-132.04‰;透辉石的δ(18O)为5.96‰,顽火辉石的δ(18O)为5.60‰。实验和对比表明,辉石是海南福基田上地幔重要的"水储库",包体未受地壳成分污染,继承和保持了上地幔"富水贫氘"的特征。上述结果为该地区上地幔研究提供了结构水和氢氧同位素的基础资料。     

福建永安丰门坑多金属矿地质特征及找矿前景

永安丰门坑多金属矿呈似层状、层状、透镜状,贮存在寒武系林田组下段钙质碎屑岩中,矿床具明显的层控和热液叠加改造特征,为沉积-热液改造型多金属矿床。该多金属矿床的发现,为我省在寒武系林田组中寻找该类矿床提供新的目标。     

新疆东天山南缘富钾硝酸盐盐湖成矿带地质特征及资源潜力

新疆东部是中国主要的盐类矿床聚集区,在东天山南缘形成了巨大的富钾硝酸盐盐湖成矿带。文章在系统总结东天山南缘富钾硝酸盐成矿带地质特征、成矿条件特征和晶间卤水特征的基础上,分析了富钾硝酸盐矿床成矿的地质条件、物质来源和气候因素,以及已有矿床的资源状况和资源潜力,指出富钾硝酸盐矿床是一种特殊类型的盐类矿床,特殊的构造条件是该类矿床物质来源和成矿作用发生的重要因素,晶间卤水和层间、裂隙卤水具有较大的资源潜力。加强该区富钾硝酸盐矿床的研究和勘查评价工作,不仅可以丰富中国陆相盐类矿床成盐理论,而且可以为罗布泊钾盐基地提供后续资源保障,同时也有利于新疆新型钾、氮肥工业基地的建立。     

扬子地台北缘锰矿成矿地质特征及找矿方向研究

扬子地台北缘与秦岭褶皱系的南缘,自东向西分布着3个三级构造单元.扬子地台北缘多个拉张盆地及陆内同生盆地,对锰矿的空间分布具有重要的控制作用,形成了巴山锰矿带、南秦岭锰矿带和摩天岭锰矿带.各锰矿带在锰矿成矿地质条件等方面既具有相同之处,又具有各自的特点.文章通过对各成矿带锰矿成矿地质特征和典型矿床调查与分析研究,对锰矿成矿规律提出了一些新的认识,并对该区今后锰矿找矿方向提出了初步认识.