Modeling of environmental influence in structural health assessment for reinforced concrete buildings

One branch of structural health monitoring (SHM) utilizes dynamic response measurements to assess the structural integrity of civil infrastructures. In particular,modal frequency is a widely adopted indicator for structural damage since its square is proportional to structural stiffness. However,it has been demonstrated in various SHM projects that this indicator is substantially affected by fluctuating environmental conditions. In order to provide reliable and consistent information on the health status of the monitored structures,it is necessary to develop a method to filter this interference. This study attempts to model and quantify the environmental influence on the modal frequencies of reinforced concrete buildings. Daily structural response measurements of a twenty-two story reinforced concrete building were collected and analyzed over a one-year period. The Bayesian spectral density approach was utilized to identify the modal frequencies of this building and it was clearly seen that the temperature and humidity fluctuation induced notable variations. A mathematical model was developed to quantify the environmental effects and model complexity was taken into consideration. Based on a Timoshenko beam model,the full model class was constructed and other reduced-order model class candidates were obtained. Then,the Bayesian modal class selection approach was employed to select the one with the most suitable complexity. The proposed model successfully characterizes the environmental influence on the modal frequencies. Furthermore,the estimated uncertainty of the model parameters allows for assessment of the reliability of the prediction. This study not only improves the understanding about the monitored structure,but also establishes a systematic approach for reliable health assessment of reinforced concrete buildings.     

反应位移法抗震设计中地基弹簧系数取值的探讨

随着城市轨道交通工程抗震性能越来越受到关注,反应位移法作为一种简捷的抗震设计方法被大量应用于地下结构抗震设计中。地基弹簧系数的确定方法是反应位移法抗震设计中最为重要的因素之一,本文选取试验法、李英民法、MIDAS法和有限元法,结合北京典型地层,对比分析这四种方法地基弹簧系数取值对地下结构的弯矩、轴力和剪力的影响规律。结果表明:(1)在反应位移法计算中,地基弹簧系数取值对结构内力响应具有重要影响,对结构轴力和剪力的影响较大,而对于弯矩的影响相对较小;(2)地基弹簧系数获取方法优选试验法,在无地勘资料情况下,经验公式和有限元法可作为备选方法;(3)综合考虑四种不同地基弹簧系数确定方法对结构内力影响程度,为保证结构设计的安全性,可对试验法下结构内力进行系数修正,修正系数建议值为1.10。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘中段构造特征与油气勘探前景

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘中段是西缘构造带的重要组成部分,关于该区的地下构造模式由于受地下构造复杂与地震资料品质差的影响长期以来缺乏清晰的认识。通过地表地质、大量地震资料的综合研究,纵向上以下古生界类复理石浊积岩系、上古生界煤系区域性滑脱层为界,将该区划分为上部的逆冲推覆构造系统和下部的原地系统。前者断裂、褶皱发育,由6个逆冲席组成,横向分带性特征明显,自西向东划分为逆冲推覆构造主体、前缘过渡带、前缘带三个带;后者构造变形较弱,总体为西倾单斜,局部地区发育完整背斜圈闭。前缘过渡带、前缘带及原地系统勘探目的层众多,油气成藏地质条件好,勘探前景较好;逆冲推覆构造主体目的层已裸露,油气生成与保存条件较差,勘探潜力欠佳。     

基于节理网络有限元的柱状节理岩体等效变形模量结构效应研究

因其特殊的地质成因,柱状节理成为一种具有强烈非连续性及各向异性的特殊岩体结构。以白鹤滩水电工程设计、建设中所遇到的柱状节理玄武岩体为背景,针对柱状节理岩体的等效变形模量问题,在探讨了其结构效应表征参数的基础上,利用节理网络有限元为工具,研究各结构效应表征参数对柱状节理岩体等效变形模量的影响。研究结果表明：在柱轴线横向平面上,对于柱体不规则程度,当柱体完全不规则相对于完全规则情况,等效模量提高大约10%左右;在其他条件不变情况下,当柱体平均边长从0.1 m增加至0.5 m时,等效模量从5.36 GPa增加至23.4 GPa;对不同加载方向的研究结果表明,柱状节理在柱轴横向平面上可以视作各向同性;当节理刚度线性递增时,相应的岩体等效模量也基本符合线性递增的规律。在平行柱体轴线平面,节理组2间距越大,柱状节理岩体的等效变形模量越大;随着错距比的增加,柱状节理岩体的等效变形模量呈现先增加后减少的趋势,当错距比为50%时,节理岩体的等效变形模量取最大值;对于节理刚度的影响,与柱轴横向平面类似的,随柱体轴线平面上节理刚度的线性增加,相应的岩体模量也基本符合线性递增的规律。该研究成果与已有的现场研究成果及三维数值模型成果相比,吻合良好。说明了文中提供的研究结论具有较好的可信度及参考价值。     

塔北隆起古生代构造样式和构造反演

塔北隆起是塔里木盆地的主要含油气区,笔者利用地震剖面解释和平衡剖面技术对塔北隆起构造变形和构造演化进行了研究.塔北隆起构造变形存在明显的构造差异,西部英买力地区主要发育盖层滑脱式逆冲断层褶皱和"y"型压扭断层,而其东部主要发育基底卷入式逆断层及断层传播褶皱和反冲断层构造.造成塔北隆起东、西构造样式差异的机理主要有两点:一是东部地区对震旦纪一早奥陶世正断层在后期挤压作用下反转,二是英买力地区中寒武统盐层的发育.塔北隆起地区古生代构造演化也存在着一定的差异,塔北隆起东部震旦纪一早奥陶世发育大型正断层构造,而英买力地区为稳定碳酸盐岩台地;晚奥陶世至泥盆纪,塔北隆起东部牙哈断层发生反转,轮台凸起隆升,而英买力地区位于隆起的斜坡部位;石炭纪至二叠纪,塔北隆起东部大规模抬升,剥蚀严重,出露变质基底,英买力地区接受强烈的变形作用,主要发育盖层滑脱式逆断层和褶皱构造.     

导向钻机液压管路的优化设计

导向钻机液压管路的尺寸直接影响着能量损失以及管路体积、质量的大小。采用优化设计方法,综合考虑能量损失及管路体积2方面的影响,建立了导向钻机吸油管路的目标函数,经编程求解,确定了管路的合理尺寸。