阳极溶出伏安法同时测定痕量锡和镉

在ＨＣｌ－ＮＨ＿４Ｃｌ底液中，电解时间６０ｓ、电镀时间５ｓ、除氧３０ｓ的条件下，Ｓｎ和Ｃｄ有稳定的溶出峰。Ｓｎ和Ｃｄ的检出限分别为６．５μｇ／Ｌ和３．０μｇ／Ｌ，测定范围分别为１０～２００μｇ／Ｌ和５～１８０μｇ／Ｌ。对含Ｓｎ和Ｃｄ为２０μｇ／Ｌ的试液测定１０份，ＲＳＤ分别为５．６１％和４．８３％。方法用于实际样品测定，结果与文献方法相符。     

Voltammetric Determination of High Field‐Strength Elements (Ti,Zr, Hf,Nb, Ta) in Geological Matrices

A voltammetric method for the determination of the high field‐strength elements Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb and Ta by adsorptive stripping of their tartrate complexes is presented. The applicability of the method to geological and metallurgical samples is illustrated by the analysis of certified reference materials (USGS BCR‐2 basalt, BCS‐CRM 388 zircon and Euronorm CRM 579‐1 ferroniobium). Suitable sample preparation techniques, involving fusion with LiBO₂ and acidic and basic fluxes, followed by preliminary separation by anion chromatography are described. The method is rapid, affordable and environmentally friendly as it does not require problematic compounds such as hydrofluoric acid or toxic solvents and represents an alternative to more commonly used methods (AAS, ICP‐OES, ICP‐MS).     

接触变质作用对煤基石墨烯量子点的影响研究

为研究煤的接触变质作用对煤基石墨烯量子点性质的影响,以形成于深成变质、区域岩浆变质的煤为对比,采用氧化剥离法进行煤基石墨烯量子点的制备,并利用X射线衍射（XRD）、拉曼光谱（Raman）、透射电镜（TEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、荧光光谱（PL）对原煤及制备产物的结构进行分析。实验结果表明,随煤级升高,脱灰煤的结构缺陷减少,芳香片层逐渐增大,晶体结构向有序化方向进行。以煤为碳源制备而成的量子点,粒度均一性良好,并随煤级升高粒径有更大的趋势。碳元素以 C-C/C-H 形式为主,氧主要存在于碳氧官能团中,C∶O≤7∶3,且氧含量随煤级升高而升高。在紫外光（λ=297 nm）的照射下,样品散发蓝色荧光,且在煤级较低时荧光强度较大,并随煤级升高逐渐降低。相较于深成变质、区域岩浆变质形成的煤,接触变质作用形成的煤,产物具有更多的 COO- 结构,而 C=O 键含量降低;荧光强度在煤级较低时的上升趋势更为明显,并在高阶烟煤达到最大;受接触变质作用影响的煤,具有更加规则的石墨化结构。     

纳米四氧化三铁/离子载体修饰电极检测海水中痕量重金属铅

制备了一种纳米四氧化三铁/离子载体(nano-Fe<,3>O<,4>/ionophore)修饰的玻碳电极,利用阳极溶出伏安法实现了海水中的痕量铅离子的测定.利用纳米四氧化三铁的高比表面积和铅离子载体(ionophore)能够提供与铅离子配合的位点或仅供铅离子通过的空穴,有效地提高了检测重金属离子的灵敏度和选择性.实验结...     

Migration velocity modeling based on common reflection surface gather

The common-reflection-surface (CRS) stacking is a new seismic imaging method, which only depends on seismic three parameters and near-surface velocity instead of macro-velocity model. According to optimized three parameters obtained by CRS stacking, we derived an analytical relationship between three parameters and migration velocity field, and put forward CRS gather migration velocity modeling method, which realize velocity estimation by optimizing three parameters in CRS gather. The test of a sag model proved that this method is more effective and adaptable for velocity modeling of a complex geological body, and the accuracy of velocity analysis depends on the precision of optimized three parameters.     

2013年1月11日云南镇雄赵家沟特大滑坡灾害研究

2013年1月11日,云南镇雄发生滑坡,滑程近800m,堆积体积约40104m3,赵家沟村民小组60多间房屋被毁, 46人遇难。本文对旱季期间少遇的镇雄赵家沟特大滑坡灾害原因进行了现场调查,运用有限元法分析了久雨和采矿条件下滑坡失稳机理。从地质上,滑坡位于乌蒙山区常见的煤系地层区,上部为陡倾的三叠系中统灰岩、白云岩,中部为相对较陡的三叠系下统砂页岩地层,下部为平缓的二叠系上统页岩、泥岩地层,局部含煤,具有上硬下软的工程地质结构和上部富水下部隔水的水文地质结构,极易形成滑坡地质灾害。在地形上,形似靴状地形,上部陡峭地形导致山体易于失稳,而中下部开阔伸展良好的沟谷提供了远程的运动条件,较大的势能向动能的转化,容易形成高速远程滑动,造成严重的损失。可将滑坡区分成滑坡源区、铲刮与堆积区、滑覆成灾区3部分,其中,高速飞行的滑体直接滑覆了赵家沟村民小组数间民房,同时,其余抛散的滑坡体沿低缓沟谷部位液化滑动冲埋多间村民房屋,成为特大灾害发生的重要原因。有限元模拟结果表明:堆积层斜坡的地下水位上升,可使赵家沟滑坡稳定系数降低10%以上,说明对位于陡坡沟谷中的残坡坡积物来说,持久小雨也可触发滑坡失稳; 由于滑坡下部煤层较薄,顶板地层完整且距滑床厚达200多米,在20世纪60～70年代小煤窑开采情况下,对滑坡变形失稳没有明显影响。通过此次特大滑坡引发的社会问题,作者提出了加强特大地质灾害公共危机管理科学应对、加强煤系地层地区高速远程滑坡早期识别与风险管理和加强复杂地质灾害防灾专业知识培训的建议。     

Evidence for Strong Copper(I) Complexation by Organic Ligands in Seawater

Thiols like glutathione and cysteine form such stable complexes with copper(I) that they preclude the presence of copper(II). Conventionally seawater is titrated with copper(II) whilst monitoring the labile or reactive copper concentration by voltammetry or with other techniques, to determine the concentration of copper(II) binding complexing ligands in seawater. Titrations of seawater to which copper(I) binding ligands have been added reveal that the copper(I) binding ligands are detected when seawater is titrated with copper(II). The copper(II) in seawater is reduced to copper(I) within 2 to 40 minutes depending on the nature of the copper(I) binding ligand. The titrations of seawater with copper(II) thus give a response to the presence of copper(I) binding ligands indiscernible from that for copper(II) binding ligands. The stoichiometry of the detected apparent ligand concentrations for given concentrations of glutathione and cysteine suggest that 2 : 1 (thiol : Cu) complexes are formed. This was confirmed using voltammetry of free glutathione. Values of 21.2 and 22.2 were found for log _CuL for glutathione and cysteine respectively (for the reaction of Cu + 2L CuL₂). The complex stability is similar to that of natural organic species in the oceanic water column. The high stability of the copper(I) complexes was apparent from values of 32.1 and 32.6 for log Cu(I)L2 (for the reaction Cu⁺ + 2L CuL₂) for the copper(I) complexes with glutathione and cysteine in seawater. Glutathione and other thiols are common in the marine system including the water column. It is therefore possible that at least some of the ligands detected in seawater, and previously assumed to be copper(II) binding ligands, are in fact strongly complexed as copper(I). The copper(I) oxidation state may thus be stabilised in seawater.     

网络RTK配合三维激光扫描实现矿山开采动态监测

利用网络RTK技术进行矿山控制测量,并配合Maptek I-Site8810三维激光扫描仪定期扫描矿山采剥面,处理采剥面点云数据,构建并叠加各期采剥面三维模型,实现矿山开采监管和储量动态监测。     

茜素红S-微分吸附计时电位法测定土壤中铝形态

报道了茜素红S-微分吸附计时电位法分别在酸性和碱性条件下直接检测土壤浸提液中的无机单核铝[Ali]和总单核铝[Ala]浓度，并用该法测定了酸消化浸提液中的总铝[AlT]，由[Ala]-[Ali]间接得到有机单核铝[Alo]，[AlT]-[Ala]得到酸溶态铝[Alr]，从而实现了土壤浸提液中5种铝形态的电化学测定。应用此方法测定了多个实际土壤样品，与标准Driscoll法进行了对照．结果基本一致。     

阴极溶出伏安法测量海水中溶解态铁

使用阴极溶出伏安法,利用2,3-二羟基苯丙氨酸(DHN)可以与Fe(Ⅲ)结合生成配合物,而BrO3-的加入可以催化该电化学反应的性质,系统研究了海水中溶解态Fe(Ⅲ)的最佳分析条件。结果表明,体系中添加20.0μmol/L DHN即可达到分析要求;添加BrO3-可以使溶出电流线性增大,选择的最终浓度为20.0mmol/L。当沉积电位为-0.20V,扫描速率为50.0mV/s,沉积时间为90s时,即可达到低铁海水的分析要求,在此条件下检测限为0.011nmol/L。紫外消解可以使测量灵敏度比未消解时提高13倍。用此方法测量得到的太平洋某处(158°15′E,22°23′N)海水表层水浓度为0.45nmol/L,75m处浓度为0.14nmol/L,1 500m处浓度为0.86nmol/L。