双轴应力下非贯通节理岩体压缩损伤本构模型

针对目前节理岩体损伤变量定义中大多仅考虑节理长度、倾角等几何性质,而未考虑节理抗剪强度等力学性质的不足,基于断裂力学中的由于单个节理存在引起的附加应变能增量与损伤力学中的损伤应变能释放量相关联的观点,推导出了在双轴应力下含单条非贯通闭合节理岩体的损伤变量计算公式,并根据断裂力学理论对双轴压缩荷载下的单个节理尖端应力强度因子计算方法进行了研究,得出了应力强度因子KⅠ、KⅡ的计算公式;同时考虑多节理间的相互作用,给出了单组单排及单组多排非贯通节理尖端应力强度因子计算公式,由此建立了相应的节理岩体双轴压缩损伤本构模型,并利用该模型进行了相应的算例分析。结果表明：对含单条非贯通闭合节理的岩体而言,当节理倾角小于其内摩擦角时,岩体强度与完整岩石相同,岩体损伤为0,而后随着节理倾角增加,岩体强度、损伤随节理倾角的变化分别呈开口向上及向下的抛物线,当节理倾角约为60°时,岩体损伤最大,强度最低。随着节理长度增加,岩体损伤增加,而随着节理内摩擦角的增加,岩体损伤则减小;对含单组单排非贯通闭合节理的岩体而言,当节理总长度一定时,随着单条节理长度的减小及节理条数的增加,岩体损伤则逐渐减小,但其减小幅度与节理条数并不呈线性关系。     

白藜芦醇对饥饿条件下厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)抗氧化能力的影响

饥饿胁迫引起的肥满度下降及收割延迟是导致贻贝养殖产量下降的主要原因之一。探究白藜芦醇(Resveratrol,RES)对饥饿条件下贻贝抗氧化能力的影响,揭示贻贝对饥饿胁迫的响应机制,对指导贻贝健康养殖具有重要意义。在饥饿胁迫条件下,分别采用10、20、50、100μmol/LRES处理厚壳贻贝,9d后采集贻贝组织样品并进行氧化应激指标检测。结果表明,饥饿胁迫显著增加厚壳贻贝组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量,同时显著降低过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性和还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量。RES处理后,厚壳贻贝组织中MDA含量显著降低,但随着RES浓度的增加显著升高;性腺和鳃中CAT、SOD、GSH-PX、AKP、ACP活性和GSH水平、后闭壳肌中CAT、AKP活性和GSH水平以及外套膜中CAT、SOD、GSH-PX、ACP活性和GSH水平均随着RES处理浓度的增加先升高后降低。此外,10或20μmol/LRES处理能显著减轻饥饿胁迫引起的贻贝性腺中滤泡降解、配子退化及鳃丝纤毛脱落及结构受损;且各组贻贝后闭壳肌和外套膜组织形态学无明显变化。研究结果表明饥饿胁迫能显著抑制厚壳贻贝的抗氧化能力,但10或20μmol/LRES处理可减轻饥饿胁迫诱导的脂质过氧化和组织氧化应激损伤,且厚壳贻贝对饥饿胁迫诱导的氧化应激损伤表现出一定的组织差异性。     

基于库仑应力变化分析巴颜喀拉地块东端的强震相互关系

本研究基于分层黏弹介质模型,考虑同震位错效应和震后黏滞松弛效应,分析巴颜喀拉地块东端1976年松潘地震序列、2008年汶川8.0级地震、2013年芦山7.0级地震和2017年九寨沟7.0级地震等多次大地震的可能存在的触发关系,计算大地震引起的周边各主要断裂的库仑应力变化.结果显示,1976年松潘地震序列各次地震间关系密切,存在明显的相继触发作用;综合考虑同震和震后效应,汶川8.0级地震对同属于龙门山断裂带的芦山7.0级地震有触发作用,且震后效应影响不可忽略;1976年地震序列,特别是1976年8月16日7.2级地震促进了2017年8月8日九寨沟7.0级地震的发生;汶川地震对九寨沟地震的影响研究中,采用不同的汶川地震同震位错模型,计算结果有差异.综合考虑多次大地震对周边断裂带的影响,龙门山断裂带南段、鲜水河断裂带中南段、平武-青川断裂北段、灌县-安县断裂北段、文县断裂的累积库仑应力增加显著,巴颜喀拉地块东端的东昆仑断裂带东段、迭部-白龙江断裂带西段以及金沙江断裂带库仑应力亦有所增加.综合考虑各重要断裂带已有的大地震危险性分析结果和库仑应力变化计算结果,龙门山断裂带南段、鲜水河断裂带中南段、东昆仑断裂带玛沁-玛曲段和金沙江断裂带的发震紧迫性有所增强,需引起关注.

     

汶川8.0级地震的余震触发作用和对断层的应力加卸载作用

采用可变滑动震源模型,计算和研究了汶川M_S 8.0地震产生的应力变化及对后续6次强余震的应力触发作用,并定量分析了汶川地震对附近活动断裂带的库仑应力加卸载作用。结果显示:汶川地震产生的库仑破裂应力变化分布图案复杂性强,主要由发震断裂复杂的空间展布形态以及震源断层活动具有逆冲兼右旋走滑两种性质决定。汶川地震产生的库仑破裂应力变化对多数强余震存在一定的触发作用。汶川地震的发生对附近的断裂带有不同程度的影响,其中青川断裂中段和北段、岷江断裂南段和灌县-江油断裂南段,主要是以强烈的库仑破裂应力加载作用占主导地位,有利于强余震序列的孕育、加速以至于发生;东昆仑断裂带和鲜水河断裂带受到了轻微的应力加载作用;龙泉山断裂带、华莹山断裂带和西秦岭北缘断裂带主要受到了轻微的卸载作用。     

剪切速率对结构性吹填软土力学特性影响试验研究

黏土在剪切变形过程中,剪切速率的不同会对其结构破坏产生不同影响,从而影响其力学特性.本文以天津滨海新区吹填软土为研究对象,在对吹填软土关于结构性讨论的基础上,开展了剪切速率对其力学性状影响的三轴试验研究,分析其剪切速率力学效应.试验结果表明:随着剪切速率的提高,在低围压条件下,吹填软土的强度及其结构屈服应力均先减小后增大,存在临界剪切速率,而在高围压条件下,强度及其结构屈服应力则逐渐增大,与剪切速率呈正相关关系,临界剪切速率逐渐消失; 吹填软土的黏聚力在不同围压下随剪切速率提高均呈现减小趋势,内摩擦角在低围压条件下随剪切速率提高呈现增大趋势,在高围压条件下则随剪切速率提高呈现减小趋势; 在剪切过程中,孔隙水压力均随着轴向应变的增大到某一值然后稳定下来,随着围压的进一步加大,孔隙水压力的稳定值会随剪切速率的提高呈减小趋势.     

基于生态水文学的地下水资源管理研究——以延庆盆地为例

传统的地下水资源管理往往只关注地下水位的变化,而很少考虑变化的水位会对区域生态系统产生什么样的影响。本文在生态水文模拟的基础上提出了一种基于生态水文学的地下水资源管理新方法。该方法耦合土壤水分与地下水位,考虑植物在水分胁迫下的蒸腾抑制机理,通过土壤水分亏缺与植物水分胁迫耦合水文过程与植物响应,进行基于过程的分布式生态水...     

Tertiary compressional structures on the Faroe–Rockall Plateau in relation to northeast Atlantic ridge-push and Alpine foreland stresses

A number of compressional anticlinal structures are identified in the western and northern part of the Faroe–Rockall Plateau. These structures occur on that part of the Faroe–Rockall Plateau which was above sea level during the latest phase of Paleocene plateau basalt extrusion. Three post-basalt compressional phases have affected the plateau. Most of the compressional structures in the northern part of the plateau are related to NE–SW- to ENE–WSW-oriented stress which we date to Late Paleocene–Early Eocene. The Oligocene phase is interpreted as resulting from N–S-directed compressional stress which also mainly affected the compressional structures on the northern part of the plateau. Compressional stress from the northwest seemed to affect the whole of the Faroe–Rockall Plateau and we suggest it to be of Miocene age. It is proposed that during the Late Paleocene–Early Eocene phase of compression local structure, and anomalously oriented gravitational ridge-push from the now extinct Aegir Axis contributed to a local NE–SW compressional stress system. The two later deformation phases were apparently connected to the regional northwest European stress system with small local modifications.     

Neotectonics of the Kharaulakh sector of the Laptev Shelf

Seismotectonic deformation and crustal stress pattern have been studied comprehensively in major seismogenic structures of the Kharaulakh sector of the Verkhoyansk fold system and adjacent parts of the Chersky seismotectonic zone. The study focuses on neotectonic structures, deep structure, and systems of active faults, as well as tectonic stress fields inferred by tectonophysical analysis of Late Cenozoic faults and folds. The results, along with geological and geophysical data, reveal main strain directions and structural patterns of crustal stress and strain in the Arctic segment of the Eurasia-North America plate boundary. The area is a junction of mid-ocean and continental structures evolving in a mixed setting of extension, compression, and their various combinations. The rotation pole of the two plates is presumably located near Buor-Khaya Bay. In this case, extension is expected to act currently upon the neotectonic structures north of the bay and compression to control those in the south and southeast. This inference is consistent with the identified zoning of stress and strain in the Kharaulakh sector.     

The Upper Devonian Kellwasser event recorded in a regressive sequence from inner shelf to lagoonal pond,Catalan Coastal Ranges,Spain

This study, conducted in the Catalan Coastal Ranges, north‐east Spain, describes the Upper Devonian Kellwasser event in a shallowing‐upward sequence of black shales, siltstones and quartz arenites. This sequence was deposited in a progradational and regressive coastal system where the sedimentary environment evolved from the inner shelf to a lagoonal pond located landward of the shoreline. Three anomalous succeeding steps have been identified by geochemical analysis. The first one, detected on the inner shelf, was characterized by oxygen depletion and high organic productivity. The second, detected in the nearshore, was caused by hydrothermal activity occurring under normal oxic conditions. The third and most intense step was identified in the muds of the lagoonal pond and has been linked to strong anoxic conditions, elevated clastic input derived from changes in the weathering regime at the source area and moderate hydrothermal activity. The Kellwasser event is thus defined in the study area as stepwise and multi‐causal. This is the first time that the Kellwasser event has been identified in a sedimentary environment behind the shoreline. It is also the first time that it has been reported in the Catalan Coastal Ranges.