Investigations into the Preparation of Ultra-Fine Particle Size Geochemical Reference Materials

Although over recent years, sensitivity and precision of modern analytical techniques have continuously improved, traditional analytical specification for the particle size of samples has remained at 74 μm (-200 mesh). For this reason, the uncertainty caused by inhomogeneity in test portions of the sample itself has become a more and more significant contribution to the total analytical uncertainty. Therefore, to reduce this total uncertainty, the first step is to improve the homogeneity by reducing the particle size of a sample. For this purpose, we have investigated a method for the preparation of ultra-fine reference materials. Using the modern ultra-fine crushing technique (jet mill), six marine sediment samples MSAn and MSCS-1 to 5 were prepared and the particle distributions of these samples were measured using a laser particle-analyser. The average particle size of these samples was 4–5 (im and the largest particle size was less than 30 (im. MSAn will be used as the sample for a future GeoPT(tm) proficiency testing round and MSCS-1 to 5 will be prepared as reference materials. All geochemical laboratories are welcome to participate in this co-operative research programme. The processing and use of ultra-fine samples (< 30 μm) will have a significant influence on the future development of geoanalytical techniques as a consequence of the potential reduction in the mass of test portion and the development of new geoanalytical systems.     

GA型旁压仪的应用及成果分析

在南水北调工程中应用ＧＡ型旁压仪对地基进行原位测试。介绍了ＧＡ型旁压仪的基本结构、工作原理、测试及有关计算方法,并对其典型旁压的试验成果进行了分析。     

微机数控旋转流变仪的设计

微机数控旋转流变仪是一种泥浆流变参数微机智能检测仪器。介绍了其工作原理、性能指标和特点,以及硬件、传感器设计和软件功能设计。     

岩样单轴压缩的失稳破坏和试验机加载性能

岩样单轴压缩过程的应力-应变曲线是特定岩样与试验机共同作用的结果,并非岩石材料的力学特性;以此观点研究了不同形状岩样峰后强度降低的规律．给出了岩样与试验机联合作用模型,得到了简单而明确的岩样失稳破坏准则;讨论了电液伺服试验机的加载特性和获取全程曲线的方法,并对Ⅱ类全程曲线作出了新的解释。     

Estimation of Probabilities of Three Kinds of Petrologic Hypotheses with Bayes Theorem

Physical-chemical explanations of the causes of variations in rock suites are evaluated by comparing predicted to measured compositions. Consistent data turn an explanation into a viable hypothesis. Predicted and measured values seldom are equal, creating problems of defining consistency and quantifying confidence in the hypthesis. Bayes theorem leads to methods for testing alternative hypotheses. Information available prior to data collection provides estimates of prior probabilities for competing hypotheses. After consideration of new data, Bayes theorem updates the probabilities for the hypotheses being correct, returning posterior probabilities. Bayes factors, B, are a means of expressing Bayes theorem if there are two hypotheses, H ₀ and H ₁. For fixed values of the prior probabilities, B > 1 implies an increased posterior probability for H ₀ over its prior probability, whereas B < 1 implies an increased posterior probability for H ₁ over its prior probability. Three common problems are: (1) comparing variances in sets of data with known analytical uncertainties, (2) comparing mean values of two datasets with known analytical uncertainties, and (3) determining whether a data point falls on a predicted trend. The probability is better than 0.9934 that lava flows of the 1968 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, are from a single magma batch. The probability is 0.99 that lava flows from two outcrops near Mount Edziza, British Columbia, are from different magma batches, suggesting that the two outcrops can be the same age only by an unlikely coincidence. Bayes factors for hypotheses relating lava flows from Volcano Mountain, Yukon Territory, by crystal fractionation support the hypothesis for one flow but the factor for another flow is so small it practically guarantees the fractionation hypothesis is wrong. Probabilities for petrologic hypotheses cannot become large with a single line of evidence; several data points or datasets are required for high probabilities.     

基桩均震动测法工程实践

基桩均震动测法的均震与聚束特性,在工程检测实践中展示了其独特优越性。在对比“均震”与“偏震”检测完整桩、缺陷桩的基础上,重点介绍了该方法在超长桩、超粗桩检测中的应用范例。     

污染检测试井新图版及其应用

本研究提出了考虑续流和污染类似于麦金利图版的新图版。这种新图版既适用于压降试井,又适用于压力恢复试井;既适用于具有高传导的垂直裂缝试井,又适用于致密低渗透储层试井分析;既适用于单一介质,又适用于双重介质。     

Identifying Optimum Locations for Tropical Testing of United States Army Materiel and Systems

This paper is an example of applied military geography focusing on a particular problem arising from the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977. One of the provisions of the treaty required the United States (US) military to completely withdraw from and relinquish its military and government facilities to the Republic of Panama prior to midnight on 31 December 1999. In so doing, the US army turned over to the Panama government all of its military bases, some of which had been used since World War I to test materiel, equipment and systems within a tropical environment. Given its global mission and responsibilities, the US army has a well‐established practice of testing its materiel, equipment and systems throughout the entire range of potential operating environments. The US experience in the Pacific in World War II and in Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War clearly demonstrated the need to test the performance of new equipment under the harsh conditions found in tropical jungles. Furthermore, since 1960, nearly 75 per cent of all international and internal armed conflicts have been in countries that are totally or partially in the tropics. This paper presents the findings of a scientific panel that was organised to propose a new location for testing US army materiel and systems within a tropical environment. Rather than simply choosing a location analogous to Panama, the panel sought to develop a methodology that could be employed for site selection based on any set of environmental criteria. This study is a classical locational analysis and reconfirms the integrative nature of geography and its utility for solving complex problems that cut across disciplinary boundaries.     

高速公路软弱路基施工质量综合检测研究

合肥—杭州高速公路(芜湖—宣城段)地基是软土层,采用粉喷桩及水泥搅拌桩加固地基,为了准确快速地检测桩基的质量,采用了多种方法进行检测。文中介绍了这些检测方法效果及对比其优缺点,探寻一种准确快速的软弱路基施工质量检测方法组合。     

科学地组织精密度试验

通过剖析统计量的数学模型，阐述正确采集原则测试数据是精密度试验成败的关键，并以实例对精密度试验的一些实质性问题进行了讨论。