Large-scale dune erosion tests to study the influence of wave periods

Large-scale physical model tests were performed to quantify the effects of the wave period on dune erosion. Attention was focussed on 2D cross-shore effects in a situation with sandy dunes and extreme water levels and wave conditions. Besides profile measurements, detailed measurements in time and space of water pressure, flow velocities and sediment concentrations were performed in the near near-shore area. It was concluded that a longer wave period leads to a larger dune erosion volume and to a larger landward retreat of the dune face. Tests with double-peaked wave spectra showed that the influence of the spectral shape on dune erosion was best represented by the T_m − 1,0 spectral mean wave period, better than the peak wave period, T_p. The effect of the wave period on dune erosion was implemented in a dune erosion prediction method that estimates erosion volumes during normative storm conditions for the Dutch coast. More details of the measurements and additional analyses of physical processes are described in an accompanying paper by Van Thiel de Vries et al. [Van Thiel de Vries, J.S.M., van Gent, M.R.A., Reniers, A.J.H.M. and Walstra, D.J.R., submitted for publication. Analysis of dune erosion processes in large scale flume experiments, In this volume of Coastal Engineering.].     

Recent advances in offshore geotechnics for deep water oil and gas developments

The paper presents an overview of recent developments in geotechnical analysis and design associated with oil and gas developments in deep water. Typically the seabed in deep water comprises soft, lightly overconsolidated, fine grained sediments, which must support a variety of infrastructure placed on the seabed or anchored to it. A particular challenge is often the mobility of the infrastructure either during installation or during operation, and the consequent disturbance and healing of the seabed soil, leading to changes in seabed topography and strength. Novel aspects of geotechnical engineering for offshore facilities in these conditions are reviewed, including: new equipment and techniques to characterise the seabed; yield function approaches to evaluate the capacity of shallow skirted foundations; novel anchoring systems for moored floating facilities; pipeline and steel catenary riser interaction with the seabed; and submarine slides and their impact on infrastructure. Example results from sophisticated physical and numerical modelling are presented.     

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海底管道维修管卡密封结构的性能分析及测试

密封压力是带压堵漏维修管卡的关键性能。介绍了323.9 mm(API 12英寸)维修管卡样机的总体结构及密封原理,选用接触压力准则作为管卡的密封评价准则,利用ANSYS Workbench软件建立了管卡密封结构的二维轴对称有限元模型,分析了密封结构闭环中薄弱部分在不同密封圈压缩量下的接触压力,然后试验测试了管卡样机密封圈压缩量和密封压力,并与有限元计算接触压力进行了对比。分析结果表明管卡密封结构最薄弱部分的接触压力随着周向密封圈压缩量的增大而增大,且主要是中间接触部分起到密封作用。通过试验验证了理论分析的管卡密封结构最薄弱位置,并发现相同密封圈压缩量下试验测试的密封压力与计算的接触压力近似,两者的变化趋势基本一致。有关分析思路和试验方法可以为管卡密封结构的设计提供重要参考。     

基于决策到决策路径的遗传算法软件测试用例设计

测试用例生成优劣是软件测试自动化效率高低至关重要的一点,常用的随机测试用例自动生成方法虽然实现简单,但具有效率低、冗余大的缺点,而遗传算法适合于处理传统方法难以解决的非线性问题。为了提高测试效率、降低测试成本,通过分析测试用例自动生成和遗传算法的基本理论,在面向决策到决策路径的软件测试基础上,利用程序控制流图详细阐释了对基于遗传算法的测试用例自动生成技术的设计。通过与随机法自动用例生成进行试验对比,表明其效率至少是随机法10倍。     

COPEX和HM2000与APEX型剖面浮标比测试验及资料质量评价

利用船载CTD仪、国外剖面浮标(APEX)和实验室盐度计等标准仪器设备,在西北太平洋海域对2种型号国产剖面浮标(COPEX和HM2000)进行了现场比测试验,并对观测资料质量进行了定性和定量分析与评价.结果表明:(1) COPEX和HM2000型剖面浮标观测的盐度资料均能达到国际Argo计划提出的±0.01的精度要求;(2)HM2000的最小观测深度离海面1 m以内,最大观测深度基本稳定在2 000 m左右,并能保持在1000 m深度附近漂移,而COPEX的最小观测深度在8～9 m之间,最大观测深度则在1 800～1 900 m之间波动,且漂移深度都在600～800 m之间;(3)COPEX和HM2000都获得了70条以上有效观测剖面.总体而言,两种国产剖面浮标观测的温、盐度资料都是可信、可靠的.但试验中暴露的一些问题和不足仍有待不断改进和完善.     

基于动力触探的砾性土液化判别方法通用性研究

能量传递率是衡量贯入类试验锤击效率的一个重要指标。国外对这一指标需要进行现场实测,进而修正贯入试验的锤击数,建立评价场地承载力、液化势等特性的标准化锤击数。国内规范中,则较少考虑贯入试验的锤击能量传递率的问题,且缺少现场试验测试数据,导致基于贯入类试验锤击数的地基评价方法难以与国外标准进行横向对比。为解决这一问题,选取川滇地区西昌地震实验场的3个勘察试验点。采用能量测试仪实测标准贯入试验能量传递率,研究我国常规SPT试验装置锤击效率,并评价其稳定性。试验实测结果显示,现场标准贯入试验的锤击能量传递率均值基本超过75%。能量传递率随着贯入深度的增加稍有增加,地表下20 m范围内增长幅值为10%左右。试验结果可为评价我国常规SPT试验设备的锤击效率提供依据。     

我国天文气候特点及潜在（光学／红外）优良台址探讨

收集了我国１９７８─１９８６年和１９９０年，共１０年时间的１９２个地面气象站每天四次总云量的观测资料，分别计算了北京时间０８ｈ，０２ｈ和０８ｈ以及２０ｈ，０２ｈ和０８ｈ的无云概率。分析结果表明：我国所处的天文气候条件的大环境并非是世界上最好的，但在国内相对较好的区域里，精心挑选出受局部地形影响形成的较好台址还是有可能的。     

钻井液性能在线监测技术研究进展

近年来,国内外对钻井液性能自动检测技术的研究取得了长足进步。针对现有钻井液自动检测仪器成本高、结构复杂和工作环境受限等问题,研制了钻井液漏斗黏度和密度自动在线检测仪。使用可编程逻辑控制器、物联网模组、压力传感器、超声传感器、蠕动泥浆泵、电动球阀和隔膜泵等,搭建取浆模块、检测模块、清洗模块和控制模块,实现了对钻井液漏斗黏度和密度的自动检测、移动端设备数据查看和操作等功能。采用传感器数据融合和滤波算法等方法提高仪器精度和稳定性,对不同钻井液体系性能测试验证,漏斗黏度误差控制在±1 s,密度误差控制在±0.01 g/cm³,且可连续地对钻井液性能进行自动测试。室内测试和现场试验结果表明,该仪器具有操作方便、测试结果准确、可重复性高、人为测量误差小和节约人工等优点,能满足实际钻井施工过程中对钻井液性能检测的要求,具有较强的普适性和广泛的应用前景。