基于振动台的动力子结构试验界面反力获取方法

基于振动台的实时子结构动力试验是一种新型的结构动力试验方法.该试验方法引入了“子结构”这一概念,不仅减小了常规振动台试验对于试验规模的限制,而且克服了拟动力子结构试验中无法考虑加载速率影响的问题.由于该试验方法将整体结构拆分为数值子结构和物理子结构两部分,二者之间通过交界面相互作用力实现实时数据交互,以保证子结构体系与...     

横波测井技术在海洋工程中的应用

单孔波速测试的传统做法是在地面激振,在孔中接收,但该方法测试深度受限,测试精度较低,且对于海上钻孔来说,根本无法实现激振,故对于海洋工程钻孔的波速测试,则需要新技术来实现横波波速的获取。笔者介绍的悬挂式波速测井法将震源和检波器同时放入井孔中,摆脱了笨重的地面敲击震源,实现了波速测井设备的轻便化,由相距1 m的两个检波器接收S波的传播信号,为一发双收装置,利用传感器接收到震源传来的S波信号到达时间(初至)差,来确定钻孔所在处地层波速的一种新技术。该方法在南堡油田平台场址调查中发挥了重要作用,对120 m深的钻孔进行了横波测井,取得了良好的测试成果,为该工程项目提供了准确的剪切波速,为划分该场址的场地土类别发挥了重要作用。     

基于新测年资料的蓟县运动和燕山早期运动表现探讨:以深圳西部地区及东部大鹏半岛国家地质公园地区为例

近3年来在深圳西部及东部大鹏半岛国家地质公园等地,笔者等参加了地质路线调查研究和取样工作,先后采集了20组岩石同位素定年样品,采用新方法锆石U-Pb定年激光测试法测试,其中获得7个数据集中在1 007～897 Ma,首次发现中-新元古代蓟县纪-青白口纪,并基本可以证实蓟县运动(1 400～1 000 Ma)的存在;对中...     

Recent advances in offshore geotechnics for deep water oil and gas developments

The paper presents an overview of recent developments in geotechnical analysis and design associated with oil and gas developments in deep water. Typically the seabed in deep water comprises soft, lightly overconsolidated, fine grained sediments, which must support a variety of infrastructure placed on the seabed or anchored to it. A particular challenge is often the mobility of the infrastructure either during installation or during operation, and the consequent disturbance and healing of the seabed soil, leading to changes in seabed topography and strength. Novel aspects of geotechnical engineering for offshore facilities in these conditions are reviewed, including: new equipment and techniques to characterise the seabed; yield function approaches to evaluate the capacity of shallow skirted foundations; novel anchoring systems for moored floating facilities; pipeline and steel catenary riser interaction with the seabed; and submarine slides and their impact on infrastructure. Example results from sophisticated physical and numerical modelling are presented.     

吉林省双辽市氟中毒病区与非病区水文地球化学特征

双辽市氟中毒病区与非病区地下水水化学类型均处于重碳酸型水带内。病区水文地球化学作用处于元素迁移—富集的过渡阶段或元素富集阶段的初期,其水化学类型呈现由HCO3→HCO3.Cl→Cl.HCO3型水的分带性展布,地下水溶解固体浓度为0.5～2.0 mg/L;非病区则处于元素迁移阶段,其水化学类型则为单一的HCO3.Ca型水,地下水溶解固体浓度一般均低于0.5 mg/L。地方性氟中毒的分布与区域水文地球化学特征之间存在着一定的联系,此种关系虽然不可作为病因看待,但仍可当作一种环境标志加以考虑。     

《煤炭资源勘查煤质评价规范》主要条文解释

依据《煤炭资源勘查煤质评价规范》MT/T1090-2008,结合规范编写过程中的体会和多年的煤质工作经验,从煤炭资源勘查煤质工作基本要求、煤样采取、煤样的包装送检和保存、煤样的测试、煤质评价和煤质报告等6个方面对该规范进行了解释和补充说明。重点解读了煤质测试项目要求、煤质测试单位资质、如何进行煤质评价和煤质报告的主要内容,补充了几种特殊试验煤心煤样的采取、主要的煤质测试项目标准等。     

The First James K. Mitchell Lecture In situ soil testing: from mechanics to interpretation†

The current use of fundamental mechanics in developing rational interpretation methods for deriving soil properties from in situ test results is reviewed and evaluated. The focus is on some of the most widely used in situ test devices including cone penetrometers with and without pore pressure measurements (CPTU and CPT), self-boring and cone pressuremeters (SBPMT and CPMT), and flat dilatometers (DMT). In situ tests in both cohesive and frictional soils for measuring strength and stiffness properties, in situ state parameters, consolidation coefficients, stress history, and in situ stresses are considered in detail.     

Stratigraphic delineation by three-dimensional clustering of piezocone data

Piezocone soundings are a fast and economical approach for geotechnical site characterization, providing three separate and continuous channels of data with depth, including: tip resistance q _T, porewater pressure u ₂ and sleeve friction f _s. Literally hundreds to thousands of data points are collected by a single sounding. Since these readings are functions of both soil type and soil behaviour, they can be used for the delineation of soil stratigraphy.

One way to process large amounts of data involves clustering. Cluster analysis is an efficient statistical way to analyse the stratigraphic vertical profiling of geomaterials and means to detect the inherent similarity between data sets and group them together. Clustering in previous geotechnical research was based on only two channels of piezocone data (q _T and u₂). The method works well for soils that are under the groundwater table and was applied to soundings in clay deposits.

In the present paper, a new cluster analysis approach is developed based on all three channels of data, thus extending the method to soils above the water table and applicable to sands, silts, and clays. Example soil profiles derived by three-channel cluster analysis are presented herein and compared with conventional soil boring and sampling data.     

Kinematic transformations for planar multi‐directional pseudodynamic testing

The pseudodynamic (PSD) test method imposes command displacements to a test structure for a given time step. The measured restoring forces and displaced position achieved in the test structure are then used to integrate the equations of motion to determine the command displacements for the next time step. Multi‐directional displacements of the test structure can introduce error in the measured restoring forces and displaced position. The subsequently determined command displacements will not be correct unless the effects of the multi‐directional displacements are considered. This paper presents two approaches for correcting kinematic errors in planar multi‐directional PSD testing, where the test structure is loaded through a rigid loading block. The first approach, referred to as the incremental kinematic transformation method, employs linear displacement transformations within each time step. The second method, referred to as the total kinematic transformation method, is based on accurate nonlinear displacement transformations. Using three displacement sensors and the trigonometric law of cosines, this second method enables the simultaneous nonlinear equations that express the motion of the loading block to be solved without using iteration. The formulation and example applications for each method are given. Results from numerical simulations and laboratory experiments show that the total transformation method maintains accuracy, while the incremental transformation method may accumulate error if the incremental rotation of the loading block is not small over the time step. A procedure for estimating the incremental error in the incremental kinematic transformation method is presented as a means to predict and possibly control the error. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Shake table study on an ordinary low‐rise building seismically isolated with SU‐FREIs (stable unbonded‐fiber reinforced elastomeric isolators)

This paper reports on the investigation of novel fiber reinforced elastomeric isolator (FREI) bearings, which do not have thick end plates, and are used in an unbonded application. Owing to the stable lateral load‐displacement response exhibited by the unbonded FREI bearings, the proposed bearings are referred to as stable unbonded (SU)‐FREIs. A shake table test program was conducted on a two‐story test‐structure having well‐defined elastic response characteristics. Compared with the results for the corresponding fixed base (FB) structure, the peak response values, distribution of lateral response throughout the height of the structure, and response time histories of the tested base isolated (BI) structure indicate that significantly improved response can be achieved. This study clearly indicates that SU‐FREI bearings can provide an effective seismic isolation system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.