双线盾构施工时邻近地下管线安全性判别

研究双线盾构隧道施工时邻近地下管线的安全性判别方法。基于Winker弹性地基梁模型,考虑管土效应,建立连续管线应变与地表沉降关系式;假设管线位移与土体位移相同,建立非连续管线接头转角与地表沉降关系式;同时考虑管线老化,定义与时间相关的折减系数,建立一种通过测量地表沉降值即可判断管线安全性的方法。当管线应变或接头转角为安全允许值时,对应的地表沉降即为控制值。施工时,若地表沉降超过该值,则表明管线存在危险。该方法将不易监测的管线状态转化为可见的地表沉降。研究结果表明：预测值与实测值的对比说明了所提方法具有可靠性;双线隧道水平间距L值对地表沉降控制值的影响非常大。当L较小时,最大值出现在两隧道中轴线处;当L较大时,最大值出现在隧道轴线上方附近处;随着L的增大,最大控制值逐渐减小。     

Seismic wave propagation effects on buried segmented pipelines

This paper deals with seismic wave propagation effects on buried segmented pipelines. A finite element model is developed for estimating the axial pipe strain and relative joint displacement of segmented pipelines. The model accounts for the effects of peak ground strain, shear transfer between soil and pipeline, axial stiffness of the pipeline, joint characteristics of the pipeline, and variability of the joint capacity and stiffness. For engineering applications, simplified analytical equations are developed for estimating the maximum pipe strain and relative joint displacement. The finite element and analytical solutions show that the segmented pipeline is relatively flexible with respect to ground deformation induced by seismic waves and deforms together with the ground. The ground strain within each pipe segmental length is shared by the joint displacement and pipe barrel strain. When the maximum ground strain is higher than 0.001, the pipe barrel strain is relatively small and can be ignored. The relative joint displacement of the segmented pipeline is mainly affected by the variability of the joint pullout capacity and accumulates at locally weak joints.     

深基坑施工周边管线变形监测分析和处理

在基坑开挖过程中,由于应力环境改变,造成附近管线位移较大。该工程进行了系统监测,根据监测数据对周边管线的变形进行较系统的分析和变形处理。     

天然气——21世纪的能源

天然气是一种生态型能源或理想的城市能源。综述了世纪之交的全球天然气工业发展状况,包括储量的增长、输气管道的延长、液化天然气厂的发展和天然气利用技术的进步。介绍了有关国家的天然气利用法规和政策。预测了21世纪全世界天然气供需趋势。论述了为什么说天然气是21世纪的能源。指出了当前和未来全球天然气工业面临的挑战。     

非开挖地下管线铺设施工方法

铺设地下管线大都采用开挖路面的方法,这样做的结果是破坏了街路的完整性,影响交通与城市面貌,采用“非开挖地下管线铺设方法”施工可以避免为铺设地下管线而开挖街路。损伤路面、影响交通。它包括以下三种方法：挤密导孔－拉削扩孔方法,小断面挖掘液面送管方法,地下夯管方法。     

FERC pipeline decommissioning cost in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, 1995–2015

At the end of its useful life or because of a catastrophic event such as a hurricane, offshore pipelines are decommissioned, which normally involves cleaning the line by pigging or flushing, cutting the pipeline endpoints, and then plugging and burying each endpoint below the seabed or covering with a concrete mattress. The vast majority of decommissioned pipeline in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico is abandoned-in-place if the pipeline does not constitute a hazard to navigation, commercial fishing, or unduly interferes with other uses of the seabed. Using a unique data source from the Federal Energy Regulation Commission, decommissioning cost estimates for 28 gas export pipelines in the shallow water U.S. Gulf of Mexico between 1995 and 2015 are evaluated. The average inflation-adjusted pipeline decommissioning cost was $301,000 per mile ($187,000/km) and $47 per cubic foot ($1660 per cubic meter). Hurricane damaged and leaking pipelines are about three to four times more expensive on a unit cost basis than undamaged and non-leaking lines. No time trends or scale economies were observed. Primary cost drivers are identified and discussed.     

Landform and sediment imprints of fast glacier flow in the southwest Laurentide Ice Sheet

Evidence for former fast glacier flow (ice streaming) in the southwest Laurentide Ice Sheet is identified on the basis of regional glacial geomorphology and sedimentology, highlighting the depositional processes associated with the margin of a terrestrial terminating ice stream. Preliminary mapping from a digital elevation model of Alberta identifies corridors of smoothed topography and corridor‐parallel streamlined landforms (megaflutes to mega‐lineations) that display high levels of spatial coherency. Ridges that lie transverse to the dominant streamlining patterns are interpreted as: (a) series of minor recessional push moraines; (b) thrust block moraines or composite ridges/hill–hole pairs constructed during readvances/surges; and (c) overridden moraines (cupola hills), apparently of thrust origin. Together these landforms demarcate the beds and margins of former fast ice flow trunks or ice streams that terminated as lobate forms. Localised cross‐cutting and/or misalignment of flow sets indicates temporal separation and the overprinting of ice streams/lobes. The fast‐flow tracks are separated by areas of interlobate or inter‐stream terrain in which moraines have been constructed at the margins of neighbouring (competing) ice streams/outlet glaciers; this inter‐stream terrain was covered by more sluggish, non‐streaming ice during full glacial conditions. Thin tills at the centres of the fast‐flow corridors, in many places unconformably overlying stratified sediments, suggest that widespread till deformation may have been subordinate to basal sliding in driving fast ice flow but the general thickening of tills towards the lobate terminal margins of ice streams/outlet glaciers is consistent with subglacial deformation theory. In this area of relatively low relief we speculate that fast glacier flow or streaming was highly dynamic and transitory, sometimes with fast‐flowing trunks topographically fixed in their onset zones and with the terminus migrating laterally. The occurrence of minor push moraines and flutings and associated landforms, because of their similarity to modern active temperate glacial landsystems, are interpreted as indicative of ice lobe marginal oscillations, possibly in response to seasonal climatic forcing, in locations where meltwater was more effectively drained from the glacier bed. Further north, the occurrence of surging glacier landsystems suggests that persistent fast glacier flow gave way to more transitory surging, possibly in response to the decreasing size of ice reservoir areas in dispersal centres and also locally facilitated by ice‐bed decoupling and drawdown initiated by the development of ice‐dammed lakes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

悬空管线的振动特性分析

埋地管线穿河段由于河水冲刷而悬空，在水流作用下诱发涡激振动。本文在实测悬空管线固有频率的基础上，提出了其固有频率的计算方法。按本文方法所得结果和实测结果基本吻合。     

双圆盾构施工引起邻近地下管线附加荷载的分析

利用弹性力学的Mindlin解,对孙统立公式进行修正,推导得到双圆盾构正面附加推力和盾壳摩擦力引起的土体附加应力计算公式。假定土体为Winkler模型,采用随机介质理论,推导得到土体损失引起的竖向土体附加应力计算公式。研究了双圆盾构施工在邻近垂直交叉地下管线上引起的附加荷载大小及分布规律。研究结果表明：双圆盾构盾壳摩擦力引起的地下管线附加荷载较大;正面附加推力引起的附加荷载较小,可忽略;竖向附加荷载主要由土体损失引起,最大值一般出现在中轴线上方,当地下管线与盾构之间距离较小时,附加荷载最大值出现在左右单圆圆心附近的位置。     

已建城市排水管网的排涝能力评估方法

以SWMM 模型为平台构建已建城市区域排涝模型,以广州市芳村高尔夫地块为研究区域,基于研究区域实测降雨、径流等资料对模型进行参数率定和验证,模拟在不同暴雨重现期下已建城市区域雨水管网的排涝能力。研究结果表明：该区域遭遇2 a 一遇暴雨时,J14、J15 和J31 等3 个排水节点出现积水;当遭遇5 a 一遇时,J15 片区和J31 节点出现较为严重的积水,其中J15 和J31 节点积水量分别达到1 674、546 m³;积水时间分别为0.5、0.4 h。针对研究区域排水管网排涝能力偏低的现状,建议结合LID（Low Impact Development）措施,削减暴雨洪峰流量,提高区域排涝能力。文章构建的已建城市排水管网排涝能力评估方法,可识别区域主要积水黑点及管道满流管段,提供了一种动态、定性和定量评估排水管网能力的方法。