全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1043篇 |
免费 | 202篇 |
国内免费 | 162篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 31篇 |
大气科学 | 213篇 |
地球物理 | 512篇 |
地质学 | 412篇 |
海洋学 | 82篇 |
天文学 | 19篇 |
综合类 | 31篇 |
自然地理 | 107篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 16篇 |
2022年 | 16篇 |
2021年 | 59篇 |
2020年 | 57篇 |
2019年 | 53篇 |
2018年 | 35篇 |
2017年 | 58篇 |
2016年 | 67篇 |
2015年 | 58篇 |
2014年 | 88篇 |
2013年 | 111篇 |
2012年 | 43篇 |
2011年 | 70篇 |
2010年 | 45篇 |
2009年 | 64篇 |
2008年 | 75篇 |
2007年 | 59篇 |
2006年 | 58篇 |
2005年 | 43篇 |
2004年 | 53篇 |
2003年 | 31篇 |
2002年 | 38篇 |
2001年 | 31篇 |
2000年 | 25篇 |
1999年 | 18篇 |
1998年 | 20篇 |
1997年 | 29篇 |
1996年 | 24篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1407条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
12.
13.
River restoration and bank stabilization programs often use vegetation for improving stream corridor habitat, aesthetic and function. Yet no study has examined the use of managed vegetation plantings to transform a straight, degraded stream corridor into an ecologically functional meandering channel. Experimental data collected using a distorted Froude‐scaled flume analysis show that channel expansion and widening, thalweg meandering and riffle and pool development are possible using discrete plantings of rigid, emergent vegetation, and the magnitudes of these adjustments depend on the shape of the vegetation zone and the density of the vegetation. These experimental results were verified and validated using a recently developed numerical model, and model output was then used to discuss mechanistically how rivers respond to the introduction of in‐stream woody vegetation. Finally, a hybrid method of meander design is proposed herein where managed vegetation plantings are used to trigger or force the desired morphologic response, transforming a straight, degraded reach into a more functional meandering corridor. It is envisioned that such numerical models could become the primary tool for designing future stream restoration programs involving vegetation and assessing the long‐term stability of such activities. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
This study investigated the effect of urbanization on runoff from the On-Cheon Stream watershed in Pusan, Korea. This watershed has been experiencing considerable urbanization since the 1960s. There are two gauging stations in the watershed. For one of the stations there are recent flow data and for the other flow data were observed in the past. A linear reservoir model was chosen and runoff was analysed for several flood events. The linear reservoir model has been found to generate flood hydrographs accurately for both gauging stations, and its applicability to the study area has also been established. Using two methods of computing effective rainfall or rainfall excess (ϕ-index and constant percentage method), the results of runoff analyses were investigated. The ϕ-index method yielded better results than the constant percentage method. A comparison of hydrographs observed in the past with the simulation results at the Ie-Sup bridge site revealed that the peak discharge increased and the mean lag time of the study area decreased owing to urbanization over the past two decades. It is also possible to evaluate the effect of urbanization quantitatively. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
针对2010年江淮地区入梅日预报偏差情况,利用2010年6—7月高低空实况资料和NCEP再分析资料,分析了入梅前后湿度、经向风、地转西风急流的变化特征,并结合1985—2005年21 a历史平均状况和近几年的变化特征,分析了江淮地区入梅前后气象因子变化的规律性、普遍性,丰富了江淮地区入梅预报着眼点。研究发现:有些年份地转西风急流从30°N以南北跳到30~37.5°N区域,对江淮地区进入梅雨期有很好的预示作用,且其稳定维持,有利于江淮梅雨期降水的持续。70%湿度区北跳到30°N的时间及持续时间对江淮地区入梅日的预报和梅雨期长度有着较好的指示作用。在30~35°N区域内v850 hPa-v200 hPa风速差值的突然增大和江淮地区入梅有着较好对应关系。这为梅雨的预报提供了新的思路和方法。 相似文献
16.
17.
Watershed structure influences the timing, magnitude, and spatial location of water and solute entry to stream networks. In turn, stream reach transport velocities and stream network geometry (travel distances) further influence the timing of export from watersheds. Here, we examine how watershed and stream network organization can affect travel times of water from delivery to the stream network to arrival at the watershed outlet. We analysed watershed structure and network geometry and quantified the relationship between stream discharge and solute velocity across six study watersheds (11.4 to 62.8 km2) located in the Sawtooth Mountains of central Idaho, USA. Based on these analyses, we developed stream network travel time functions for each watershed. We found that watershed structure, stream network geometry, and the variable magnitude of inputs across the network can have a pronounced affect on water travel distances and velocities within a stream network. Accordingly, a sample taken at the watershed outlet is composed of water and solutes sourced from across the watershed that experienced a range of travel times in the stream network. We suggest that understanding and quantifying stream network travel time distributions are valuable for deconvolving signals observed at watershed outlets into their spatial and temporal sources, and separating terrestrial and in‐channel hydrological, biogeochemical, and ecological influences on in‐stream observations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
“菲特”台风路径和强度预报难点分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用1°×1°NCEP再分析资料、NOAA海温资料对其进行分析,结果表明:(1)副高突然加强西进,中低层高压带加强,在台风北侧形成高压坝和强盛偏东气流,是台风路径突然西折的主要原因;(2)"丹娜丝"的活动在一定程度上阻止了副热带高压的南落,有利于副高南侧偏东急流的维持和加强,对"菲特"路径的突然西折起一定作用。敏感性数值试验结果表明"双台风"效应对"菲特"登陆前进一步西折具有决定作用;(3)高低空急流的配置,产生了动力场的耦合作用,加强了台风的对流活动,所释放的潜热可以补偿海温降低的影响,对"菲特"在近海强度维持起到了重要作用;(4)"菲特"的强度和环境风垂直切变的演变规律基本一致,较低的环境风垂直切变是"菲特"在近海强度维持的重要原因。 相似文献
19.
20.
Robert J. Wilcock Ross M. Monaghan John M. Quinn Alan M. Campbell Bruce S. Thorrold Maurice J. Duncan 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):123-140
Water quality monitoring in Toenepi Stream, New Zealand, started in 1995 in a study of dairy farming influences on lowland stream quality and has continued since then with brief interruptions. Surveys have provided information about changes in farm and soil management practices as they relate to environmental sustainability. Although average water quality in Toenepi Stream has changed little during 1995–2004, there have been some notable improvements. Water clarity measured by black disc has improved from 0.6m to 1.5m, and median ammonia‐N and nitrate‐N concentrations have declined by 70% and 57%, respectively. The frequency and magnitude of extreme concentrations have declined—most notably for nitrogen (N) forms, which also had decreased mean values. Specific yields for suspended solids (SS) and phosphorus (P) forms in 2002–04 were 47–67% of 1995–97 values, mainly because of lower water yields. Reduced specific yields for N forms in 2002–04 (34–37% of 1995–97 yields) were also attributable to lower mean concentrations in stream water. Faecal bacteria concentrations have not abated and are on average 2–3 times recommended guideline values for contact recreation. Fewer dairy farms and an increased proportion irrigating dairyshed effluent to land, rather than discharging it to the stream via two‐pond systems, were likely causes of improvement in water quality. Water quality targets were developed for Toenepi Stream to achieve contact recreation criteria for the Piako River (downstream) and for intrinsic habitat values for Toenepi Stream. A range of mitigation measures has been formulated to meet these targets, but substantial uptake of sustainable farming practices is needed to improve water quality in Toenepi Stream. 相似文献