基于RANSAC算法的隧道点云横断面提取

针对最小二乘法对所有点（包括"局外点"）拟合难以得到最佳线性参数的问题,本文基于RANSAC算法对观测值随机抽样进行参数估算,判断符合模型的"内部点"为一致集,并通过迭代得到足够的一致集,最后设计试验验证该算法的适用性;对隧道点云采用基于中轴线方法进行边界提取,以及三维激光扫描用于生产实践提供参考意义。     

湛江硇洲岛文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri)的食性研究

于2006年4~7月在湛江硇洲岛海域采集文昌鱼,进行春夏季节不同性别、不同体长组等的胃含物观察分析。结果表明,湛江硇洲岛文昌鱼消化道残留食物成分以泥沙碎屑为主,可辨生物成分有34种,大部分为底栖硅藻,占58.8%,也有少量甲藻、瓣鳃类幼虫、底栖桡足类幼虫和原生动物等。春夏季节的文昌鱼的摄食喜好不尽相同,饵料生物的出现率随着季节的变化有所变化。不同性别文昌鱼的摄食喜好比较相近。文昌鱼到了性腺成熟后才开始进食动物性食物。研究结果表明,文昌鱼摄食藻类、微生物等而自身转化为其他动物的较高营养层次食物,在海洋食物网中具有一定的重要作用。     

Short-time scale variation of phytoplankton succession in Lisbon bay (Portugal) as revealed by microscopy cell counts and HPLC pigment analysis

The phytoplankton distribution and composition in Lisbon bay was studied, at a short time scale based on a weekly sampling, during one year (April 2004 – May 2005), using microscopic examination and pigment analysis with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This work is a contribution to the knowledge on species succession and ecology of coastal communities. The frequency of the sampling permitted monitoring peak blooming and decaying, a process which frequently occurred within 1 –2 weeks.     

The effects of vertical sampling resolution on estimates of plankton biomass and rate calculations in stratified water columns

The effects of vertical sampling resolution on estimates of plankton biomass and grazing calculations were examined using data collected in two different areas with vertically stratified water columns. Data were collected from one site in the upwelling region off Oregon and from four sites in the Northern Gulf of Mexico, three within the Mississippi River plume and one in adjacent oceanic waters. Plankton were found to be concentrated in discrete layers with sharp vertical gradients at all the stations. Phytoplankton distributions were correlated with gradients in temperature and salinity, but microzooplankton and mesozooplankton distributions were not. Layers of zooplankton were sometimes collocated with layers of phytoplankton, but this was not always the case. Simulated calculations demonstrate that when averages are taken over the water column, or coarser scale vertical sampling resolution is used, biomass and mesozooplankton grazing and filtration rates can be greatly underestimated. This has important implications for understanding the ecological significance of discrete layers of plankton and for assessing rates of grazing and production in stratified water columns.     

Prediction of topsoil properties at field-scale by using C-band SAR data

Designing and validating digital soil mapping (DSM) techniques can facilitate precision agriculture implementation. This study generates and validates a technique for the spatial prediction of soil properties based on C-band radar data. To this end, (i) we focused on working at farm-field scale and conditions, a fact scarcely reported; (ii) we validated the usefulness of Random Forest regression (RF) to predict soil properties based on C-band radar data; (iii) we validated the prediction accuracy of C-band radar data according to the coverage condition (for example: crop or fallow); and (iv) we aimed to find spatial relationship between soil apparent electrical conductivity and C-band radar. The experiment was conducted on two agricultural fields in the southern Argentine Pampas. Fifty one Sentinel 1 Level-1 GRD (Grid) products of C-band frequency (5.36 GHz) were processed. VH and VV polarizations and the dual polarization SAR vegetation index (DPSVI) were estimated. Soil information was obtained through regular-grid sample scheme and apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) measurements. Soil properties predicted were: texture, effective soil depth, ECa at 0-0.3m depth and ECa at 0-0.9m depth. The effect of water, vegetation and soil on the depolarization from SAR backscattering was analyzed. Complementary, spatial predictions of all soil properties from ordinary cokriging and Conditioned Latin hypercube sampling (cLHS) were evaluated using six different soil sample sizes: 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and the total of the grid sampling scheme. The results demonstrate that the prediction accuracy of C-band SAR data for most of the soil properties evaluated varies considerably and is closely dependent on the coverage type and weather dynamics. The polarizations with high prediction accuracy of all soil properties showed low values of σ_VV^o and σ_VH^o, while those with low prediction accuracy showed high values of σ_VV^o and low values of σ_VH^o. The spatial patterns among maps of all soil properties using all samples and all sample sizes were similar. In conditions when summer crops demand large amount of water and there is soil water deficit backscattering showed higher prediction accuracy for most soil properties. During the fallow season, the prediction accuracy decreased and the spatial prediction accuracy was closely dependent on the number of validation samples. The findings of this study corroborates that DSM techniques at field scale can be achieved by using C-band SAR data. Extrapolation y applicability of this study to other areas remain to be tested.     

具有运动补偿高精度海洋气象多参数模拟仪的研制

针对船舶气象仪的综合检查过程中检测周期长、人工排查效率低以及传统的自动气象站传感器信号模拟器的模拟精度低,没有相关运动补偿算法导致此类系统不适应海洋船舶应用环境的问题,对气象要素传感器的高精度信号采样电路、信号输出、软件滤波和运动补偿等方面进行了研究。通过分析传感器和船舶气象仪的原理,设计了各个气象参数的采样电路、信号模拟电路、触摸屏、GPS和电子罗盘采样与模拟电路,并在近海测试过程中进行了运动补偿模型测试,并基于STM32微控制器进行了该仪器的系统检测实验。研究测试结果表明：该系统具有低功耗、高可靠性、高精度的特点,能应用于海上环境,同时具有对船舶实时定位、气象要素实时模拟和采集、运动补偿多项功能。并且本系统精度在运动补偿后,系统测量方差为0.019 3 m/s,精度提高至接近真实值,均符合《海洋调查规范第3部分：海洋气象观测》的标准。     

ANALYSIS OF THE CONFIDENCE INTERVAL OF THE COMPOSITE FAULT PLANE SOLUTION OBTAINED FROM THE GRID SEARCH METHOD: AN EXAMPLE OF SOUTHERN JIANGXI PROVINCE

In order to quantitatively analyze the reliability of the composite fault plane solution of small earthquakes, the Bootstrap sampling technique is introduced into the grid search method, and the ideas and methods for calculating the confidence interval from the grid search method are proposed initially. There are two sample sets that can represent the characteristics of the composite fault plane solution. One sample set is the optional solutions obtained by the grid search method and the other is obtained by the Bootstrap sampling technique. Then, we calculate the confidence intervals of the two sample sets (P, B and T axis). The research results of tectonic stress field in southern Jiangxi Province are relatively few. In view of such situation, we use the focal mechanism solutions of small earthquakes to calculate and analyze the composite fault plane solution and the confidence interval. This study shows that the confidence interval of the principal stress axis can be obtained well by both of the sample methods. The reliability of the results and the confidence range of the principal stress axis can be better represented by the confidence intervals. The middle principal stress in southern Jiangxi Province is nearly vertical, and the maximum and minimum principal stresses are nearly horizontal. The direction of maximum principal stress is NWW-SEE and that of the minimum principal stress is NNE-SSW. And, the area is in a strike-slip stress regime. The results are consistent with previous studies, and the stress directions obtained by previous researchers are within the confidence interval calculated by this paper.     

中小地震三维形变场重构方法研究与同震滑动分布反演——以2016年5月22日定日MW5.3地震为例

地震三维形变场对于研究地震发震机制等具有重要意义。 已有的InSAR三维形变场重构研究中, 只有中强地震的实例。 由于形变量级小、 InSAR方位向形变的误差较大, 中小地震的三维形变场重构易受噪声等影响。 本文以2016年5月22日西藏定日M_W5.3地震为例, 开展中小地震三维形变场重构的尝试。 首先基于InSAR技术获取了Sentinel-1升轨和降轨观测模式下的同震形变场, 再结合同震形变场的特点、 区域构造特征等, 添加限定方程(走滑运动为0), 重构了同震三维形变场。 结果显示, 震中附近以下降为主, 幅度达7 cm, 南北方向形变较小(约2 mm), 此区域还伴有2 cm的西向水平运动; 形变中心区域东西两侧部分区域均出现少许东向运动(1.5 cm)。 由同震形变场特征判断此次地震以正断破裂为主。 本文提出了基于连续性分层采样选取样本点方法, 以适应本地震形变场的实际情况。 对所得的LOS向位移场和重构的三维形变场进行降采样, 反演得到了断层面上的滑动分布, 两种数据得到的结果相似, 最优发震断层的走向约181°, 倾角约45°, 断层错动平均滑动角约-87.1°, 平均滑动量约为3.6 cm, 最大滑动量位于深度6.5 km处, 相当于一次M_W5.4的地震。     

岩体节理面的力学效应研究

简易纵剖面仪和Ｒｙ—ＪＲＣ尺为定量统计研究岩体节理的表面形态和粗糙度系数提供了有效的量测工具．本文根据简易纵剖面仪在某一节理面上野外现场绘制的１０２３条不同方向、不同取样长度的节理表面轮廓曲线的实测统计资料,系统、定量地分析了节理表面形态的各质异性、各向异性和非均一性;运用ＪＲＣ—ＪＣＳ模型讨论了岩体节理力学参数的各质异性效应、各向异性效应、非均一性效应、评定长度效应、几何形状效应和法向应力效应等问题．在此基础上,提出了按岩性定向统计研究节理表面形态、估测节理粗造度系数和估算岩体节理力学参数的科学思路．文末对正确运用ＪＲＣ—ＪＣＳ模型估算岩体节理力学参数的有关注意事项作了简要说明．     

Regional‐scale investigation of the spatial distribution and origin of soluble salts in central north Queensland

A method for regional assessment of the distribution of saline outbreaks is demonstrated for a large area (68 000 km²) in north Queensland, Australia. Soil samples were used in conjunction with a digital elevation model and a map of potentially saline discharge zones to examine the landscape distribution of soluble salts in the region. The hypothesis of atmospheric accession of salt was tested for the topographically defined catchment regions feeding into each potentially saline discharge area. Most catchments showed a salt distribution consistent with this hypothesis, i.e. %TSS was large near the discharge areas and decreased rapidly with distance uphill from the discharge areas. In some catchments, however, local saline outbreaks were apparent at significant distances uphill from discharge areas. The possibility of geological sources of this salt was examined by comparing random point distributions with the location of saline points with distance downhill from geological units (excluding points near discharge zones). The distribution of some saline outbreaks was consistent with the occurrence of Cambro‐Ordovician metasediments, Devonian limestone, Upper Devonian–Lower Carboniferous volcanics, and Triassic sediments. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.