Persistent organic pollutants and stable isotopes in biopsy samples (2004/2006) from Southern Resident killer whales

“Southern Resident” killer whales include three “pods” (J, K and L) that reside primarily in Puget Sound/Georgia Basin during the spring, summer and fall. This population was listed as “endangered” in the US and Canada following a 20% decline between 1996 and 2001. The current study, using blubber/epidermis biopsy samples, contributes contemporary information about potential factors (i.e., levels of pollutants or changes in diet) that could adversely affect Southern Residents. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes indicated J- and L-pod consumed prey from similar trophic levels in 2004/2006 and also showed no evidence for a large shift in the trophic level of prey consumed by L-pod between 1996 and 2004/2006. ∑PCBs decreased for Southern Residents biopsied in 2004/2006 compared to 1993–1995. Surprisingly, however, a three-year-old male whale (J39) had the highest concentrations of ∑PBDEs, ∑HCHs and HCB. POP ratio differences between J- and L-pod suggested that they occupy different ranges in winter.     

Capturing temporal variability for estimates of annual hydrochemical export from a first‐order agricultural catchment in southern Ontario,Canada

This 2‐year study (2000, 2001) reports annual nutrient (phosphorus, nitrate) export from a first‐order agricultural watershed in southern Ontario based on an intensive monitoring programme. The importance of storm and melt events in annual export estimates is demonstrated and the temporal variability in nutrient loading during events is related to processes occurring within the catchment. The feasibility of predicting event‐related nutrient export from hydrometric data is explored. The importance of sampling frequency throughout events is also shown. Export of total phosphorus (TP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and nitrate ( ) for 2000 and 2001 averaged 0·35 kg ha^?1 year^?1, 0·09 kg ha^?1 year^?1, and 35 kg ha^?1 year^?1 (as N) respectively. Approximately 75% of annual TP export, 80% of annual SRP export and 70% of annual export occurred during 28 events per year. A small number of large‐magnitude events (>34 mm) accounted for 18–42% of annual TP export, 0–61% of annual SRP export and 13–33% of annual NO export. Our results show that temporal variability in nutrient export is largely governed by discharge in this basin, and export can be predicted from discharge. SRP and TP export can also be predicted from discharge, but only for events that are not large in magnitude. The sampling interval throughout events is important in obtaining precise estimates of nutrient export, as infrequent sampling intervals may over‐ or under‐estimate nutrient export by ± 45% per event for P. This study improves our understanding of and P export patterns and our ability to predict or model them by relating temporal variability in event nutrient export to discharge and processes occurring within the basin, and also by exploring the significance of sampling interval in the context of the importance of individual events, season and temporal variability during events. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

土壤中单环芳烃定量分析的基质效应研究

来源于燃料油泄露的单环芳烃对土壤的污染已经成为一个很普遍的现象,因此,准确、高效地检测土壤中的挥发性单环芳烃是一个很关键的问题。文章通过在标准系列中加入石英砂和土壤两种基质,比较水、水-石英砂、水-土壤3个定量库中得到的标准曲线的斜率,研究基质效应对土壤样品定量的影响。结果表明,芳香烃类物质在土壤基质中的斜率总体小于在石英砂基质中的斜率,在石英砂基质中的斜率比在水基质中的斜率小1%(苯)～9%(正丁苯),在水基质中得到的斜率最大;只有苯在土壤基质和水基质中的斜率相当,其余组分在土壤基质中的斜率比在水基质中的斜率小9%(丙苯)～24%(1,2,4-三氯苯)。单环芳烃在土壤基质中相对斜率的大小与化合物本身的沸点以及辛醇-水分配系数呈负相关。研究表明,在对土壤样品进行校准的过程中,选择合适的基质建立定量库是一个非常关键的因素。     

DR-150型全液压履带取样钻机的研究

为解决区域地质、环境地质及农业地质填图工作,特别是在钻探验证工程中孔位浅,分布散等问题,设计一款新型的适合于工地常搬迁、快速迁移的集成化、模块化轻便取样钻机,其需具有能更好的解决工程施工中存在的问题、提高钻探施工质量和效率、实现钻探设备的整体搬迁和多种钻探工艺组合配套施工工艺等优点。     

加味归芍异功散联合西药四联疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌相关性慢性胃炎30例

目的：观察加味归芍异功散合西药四联疗法治疗脾胃虚弱型幽门螺杆菌（Hp）相关性慢性胃炎的临床疗效。方法：将60 例Hp相关性慢性胃炎脾胃虚弱证患者按照随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组,每组各30 例。治疗组采用加味归芍异功散合西药四联疗法治疗,对照组仅采用西药四联疗法治疗,比较2组的中医证候疗效、Hp根除情况、中医证候评分（胃脘隐痛、胃脘胀满、乏力、纳呆、气短、大便稀溏）以及不良反应发生情况。结果：中医证候疗效总有效率治疗组为100.00%（30/30）,对照组为93.34%（28/30）,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;Hp根除总有效率治疗组为100.00%（30/30）,对照组为80.00%（24/30）,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;2组治疗后中医证候各项评分均较治疗前下降,且治疗组下降幅度较对照组更大（P<0.05）;不良反应发生率治疗组为6.67%（2/30）,对照组为20.00%（6/30）,组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：加味归芍异功散合西药四联疗法治疗Hp相关性慢性胃炎脾胃虚弱证的临床疗效优于单用四联疗法,值得临床推广应用。     

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Assessing integration of intensity,polarimetric scattering,interferometric coherence and spatial texture metrics in PALSAR-derived land cover classification

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an important alternative to optical remote sensing due to its ability to acquire data regardless of weather conditions and day/night cycle. The Phased Array type L-band SAR (PALSAR) onboard the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) provided new opportunities for vegetation and land cover mapping. Most previous studies employing PALSAR investigated the use of one or two feature types (e.g. intensity, coherence); however, little effort has been devoted to assessing the simultaneous integration of multiple types of features. In this study, we bridged this gap by evaluating the potential of using numerous metrics expressing four feature types: intensity, polarimetric scattering, interferometric coherence and spatial texture. Our case study was conducted in Central New York State, USA using multitemporal PALSAR imagery from 2010. The land cover classification implemented an ensemble learning algorithm, namely random forest. Accuracies of each classified map produced from different combinations of features were assessed on a pixel-by-pixel basis using validation data obtained from a stratified random sample. Among the different combinations of feature types evaluated, intensity was the most indispensable because intensity was included in all of the highest accuracy scenarios. However, relative to using only intensity metrics, combining all four feature types increased overall accuracy by 7%. Producer’s and user’s accuracies of the four vegetation classes improved considerably for the best performing combination of features when compared to classifications using only a single feature type.     

浅层钻探技术在海南某矿区化探取样中的应用研究

主要介绍了浅层钻探技术（包含浅层钻探设备和工艺方法）在海南某矿区的化探取样中的应用。针对该矿区遇到的问题,给出了解决方案。阐述了浅层钻探技术代替槽探、坑探在某些地区的先进性和必要性。最后提出了浅层钻探技术进一步研究的建议。     

空气反循环连续取样施工中卡钻事故的预防与处理

利用空气反循环连续取样钻进技术,在露天矿山进行生产勘探施工,对所遇到的卡钻问题进行原因分析,确定了相应的操作规程,以便预防卡钻事故的发生,并通过施工辅助孔和套铣技术,在处理卡钻事故方面取得了很好的效果。     

我国海洋钻探技术

介绍了中国海洋钻探的主要技术方法,其内容包括：中国大洋钻探、南海天然气水合物钻探、深海矿产钻探、深水工程钻探。对每种钻探技术进行了描述,为海洋钻探提供部分技术支持。