Setting quotas using provisional data: a case study from the South Australian abalone fisheries

Stock assessments of quota or effort managed fisheries in which the duration of the fishing season is 12 months are invariably delivered well into the subsequent fishing season. As a result, quotas are frequently based on year-old data. This delay is often unavoidable because it may take months to collect, collate and analyse data necessary to assess fishery performance. The South Australian fisheries for blacklip (Haliotis rubra Leach, 1814) and greenlip abalone (H. laevigata Donovan, 1808) have addressed this issue by using provisional data on current stock status to inform application of the harvest strategy decision rules that set the quota for the next year. The primary index of relative abundance for these fisheries is catch per unit effort (CPUE). Our study uses 25 years (1988–2012) of CPUE data to quantify the differences between the provisional and complete-season CPUE estimates at the spatial scales used to assess the fisheries. We demonstrate that, in most cases, there was a strong relationship between the provisional and complete-season CPUE estimates for both species, with little evidence of bias. As the provisional CPUE estimates were a reliable and accurate predictor of the complete-season CPUE estimates, this provides a high degree of confidence in using provisional CPUE estimates to set quotas, thereby overcoming the difficulty of basing decisions on aged data. These findings are likely to be applicable to other fisheries, particularly those where much of the annual catch is obtained (or effort expended) in a short time period at the commencement of the fishing season.     

Carolina Thunder Revisited: Toward a Transcultural View of Winston Cup Racing*

Almost three decades ago, cultural geographer Richard Pillsbury documented the national expansion of NASCAR and what he considered the erosion of major‐league stock car racing as a unique southern tradition. This claim is reassessed in light of recent research, leading us to suggest that the sport is actually “transcultural” in nature. It is influenced simultaneously by tradition and transition, as well as regional and national forces. In revisiting Pillsbury's seminal work, we document major changes and continuities in Winston Cup racing and briefly examine two North Carolina cases that provide contradictory views on the current relationship between the sport and the American South. North Wilkesboro illustrates how the changing geography of track locations can devalue and demoralize places associated with the tradition of southern stock car racing. The greater Charlotte area demonstrates that the South remains an important part of NASCAR, serving as a gathering place and “knowledge community” for drivers, racing teams, and fans from across the country. In addition to advancing research in the geography of sport and popular culture, the article encourages readers to think critically about regional cultures and their relationship to the forces of nationalization.     

福建省台山列岛周边海域的渔业资源群落结构特征

根据2012年5月（春季）、8月（夏季）、11月（秋季）和2013年2月（冬季）在台山列岛的拖网定点调查数据,对该海域渔业资源种类组成、优势种、物种多样性、资源密度（质量及数量密度）的空间分布及其季节变化等群落结构特征进行分析研究。结果表明,共记录台山列岛渔业生物136种,隶属于18目63科98属,其中鱼类80种,虾类16种,蟹类28种,口足类3种,头足类9种;优势种共有22种,口虾蛄（Oratosquilla oratoria）是唯一四季共同的优势种;Shannon Wiener种类多样性指数（H′）全年平均值为2.88（范围：2.80～2.95）,Pielou均匀度指数（J′）全年平均值为0.69（范围：0.65～0.72）,Margalef丰富度指数（D）全年平均值为6.99（范围：5.76～7.69）,夏季群落多样性较高;从渔业资源质量平均密度看,春、夏季最大值都出现在05站点,分别为640.70 kg/km²和1 039.31 kg/km²,秋季最大值出现在03站点,为1 187.48 kg/km²,冬季最大值出现在04站点,为683.24 kg/km²,从渔业资源数量平均密度看,春、夏季最大值都出现在05站点,分别为170.68×10³尾/km²和123.69×10³尾/km²,秋季最大值出现在01站点,为119.71×10³尾/km²,冬季最大值出现在04站点,为133.27×10³尾/km²。总体来说,台山列岛周边海域渔业资源物种较多,种间分布均匀,群落结构稳定。     

网湖鲫鱼的生长与资源评估

根据1984—1986年在湖北省网湖进行渔业资源调查的资料,应用Von Bertalanffy生长方程描述该湖鲫鱼的生长模式,同时按照Joneo体长股分析模型和Thompson-Bell体长预测模型分别推算鲫鱼资源量和不同捕捞强度下资源量和渔获量的理论值,并求得最大持续渔获量。据此,对该湖鲫鱼资源的合理开发和利用进行了分析和讨论,并提出渔业对策。     

中国对虾黄、渤海沿岸地理群的RAPD分析

采用随机扩增多态DNA(random amplified polymorphic DNA,简称RAPD)技术,对中国对虾的黄、渤海地理群的32个个体遗传多样性进行了检测,使用OPI系列的20个10bp的寡核苷酸随机引物,对每个个体的基因组DNA进行扩增,结果为:17个引物获得了谱带清晰且重复性好的产物,扩增片段的分子量在2000～2000bp之间,共检测106个位点,其中多态位点数为39个,占36.8%;平均遗传距离为0.0941+0.0206,有67个标记(占63.2%)在整个群体的32个个体间表观稳定的一致性.     

漠斑牙鲆养殖群体RAPD遗传多样性的初步分析

利用RAPD技术对由美国引进的漠斑牙鲆(Paralichthys lethostigma)养殖子一代群体的遗传多样性进行了研究。实验用漠斑牙鲆鱼苗于2004年10月取自山东莱州大华水产有限公司,共24尾,全长平均为16.6 mm±1.99 mm。活体取其肌肉,用高盐法抽提获得总DNA,琼脂糖电泳检测,Beckman DU-6100型紫外分光光度仪定量后用随机引物进行PCR扩增,从25个随机引物中筛选出11个用于群体遗传学分析,共获得77条清晰重复性高的DNA片段,大小在100~2 000 bp之间,多态谱带比例和群体平均杂合度分别为66.23%和0.352 6。     

单县开发区加强节约集约用地促进科学发展的探索

单县国土资源局开发区分局在土地利用上探索挖潜存量土地,节约集约用地,保障项目建设,搞好优质服务,促进开发区经济又好又快发展。对开发区用地采取了高点定位,合理规划,挖潜存量建设用地,盘活利用闲置用地,集约节约利用现有土地,实施利用土地置换,争取城镇挂钩,城中村改造,争取建设用地指标等办法,为开发区大项目及时落地奠定了一个良好的基础。     

33年生福建柏人工林碳库与碳吸存

通过对福建三明33 a生福建柏和杉木人工林生态系统碳库和碳吸存的研究,结果表明,福建柏人工林碳库总量为 236.317 t/hm~2,低于杉木林(244.008 t/hm~2),其中地上部分和地下部分碳贮量分别占碳库总量 55.92％和44.08％。杉木人工林的林下植被和枯枝落叶层碳贮量分别是福建柏人工林的1.19倍和1.20倍。福建柏人工林乔木层有机碳年均积累量 11～20 a阶段达最大值,为 5.576t/hm~2·a~(-1),而杉木人工林最大值(5.817t/hm~2·a~(-1)较早出现于6～10 a阶段。福建柏人工林乔木层32至33 a碳净固定量为9.907 t/hm~2·a~(-1),折算成 CO2为36.326 t/hm~2·a~(-1),是杉木人工林的1.54倍,其中凋落物和死细根碳当年归还量分别为3.769 t/hm~2·a~(-1)和1.647 t/hm~2·a~(-1),分别是杉木人工林的1.75倍和1.31倍。     

The 2004 re-assessment of the South African sardine and anchovy populations to take account of revisions to earlier data and recent record abundances

Hydroacoustic surveys off the coast of South Africa over the early years of the 21st century indicated that both the sardine Sardinops sagax and anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus populations had simultaneously reached record abundances. The South African pelagic fishery is regulated using an Operational Management Procedure (OMP). The OMP in use at that time had been developed using data from the two populations prior to this rapid and substantial increase in abundances. This paper documents the revised assessments that were urgently required to provide a basis to update the OMP. These assessments resulted in a changed perception of the status and productivity of these populations. In particular, estimates of the stock-recruitment relationships and the extent of variation about them, which play a key role in evaluating risk when developing OMPs, altered substantially from estimates derived from earlier assessments.