含气储集层泥浆侵入的动力学特征及其对补偿中子和补偿密度测井响应的影响

根据渗流理论考察了钻井过程中泥浆滤液对含油气储层的侵入过程,研究了不同条件下侵入剖面的特点,计算了各种侵入剖面的补偿密度和补偿中子测井响应,并提出了新的解释模型．研究结果表明,侵入改变了近井区地层的物性参数和地球物理特征,给测井地层评价带来许多问题,但又为储层动态特性研究提供了良好的条件．     

水稻障碍型冷害损失评估及预测动态模型研究

在分析东北水稻生殖生长关键期低温生理反应的基础上,建立了计算日冷积温(时积温)及其与空壳率关系的模式和敏感期内每日水稻敏感群体数量比率分布标准化模式,进而建立了水稻在生殖生长关键期内因低温影响而导致空壳率及减产率评估、预测模式。该模式可较精确地计算出逐日低温导致的空壳率及减产率,可比成熟期提前25 d左右进行冷害评估和损失预测。     

Allelopathic interactions between Prorocentrum micans and Skeletonema costatum or Karenia mikimotoi in laboratory cultures

Algal allelopathy is an ecological/physiological phenomenon that has focused attention on the interactions among algae and the production of algal toxins. We investigated the allelopathic interactions between the dinoflagellate genus Prorocentrum micans and diatom genus Skeletonema costatum and between P. micans and dinoflagellate genus Karenia mikimotoi using bi-algal cultures. Because the effects were species-specific and size-dependent, we evaluated the effect of different initial densities. At low densities of P. micans and high densities of S. costatum inoculated into the same medium, the growth of P. micans was weakly restrained, whereas the growth of S. costatum was significantly suppressed. S. costatum and K. mikimotoi were strongly inhibited by P. micans, in both the bi-algal cultures and enriched filtrates. Direct cell-to-cell contact was not necessary to gain a competitive advantage, thus, our results suggest that P. micans inhibited the growth of S. costatum and K. mikimotoi by the release of allelochemical(s). Last, a mathematical model was used to simulate growth and interactions between P. micans and S. costatum and between P. micans and K. mikimotoi in bi-algal cultures.     

苏里格气田西区低阻气层成因分析

苏里格气田西区上古生界二叠系的主要含气目的层为盒8段及山1段,而此区域高阻气层与低阻气层共存,运用电阻率难以区分气层与水层,这给测井评价带来很大难度。因此正确认识低阻气层的成因,对准确识别储层中流体类型十分重要。本次研究从沉积背景、储层岩性、储层物性和钻井工程的角度出发,对低阻气层的成因和特点进行了分析,认为粘土矿物分布,泥浆滤液侵入是造成气层低阻的主要因素,而高不动水饱和度是引起该区气层低阻的最主要原因。另外高地层水矿化度,也是造成该区低阻的成因。通过此次研究,其成果可为该区低阻气层的正确识别和评价提供重要依据。     

Allelopathic interactions between the macroalga Ulva pertusa and eight microalgal species

Growth of Ulva pertusa and eight microalgal species, Heterosigma akashiwo, Skeletonema costatum, Tetraselmis subcordiformis, Nitzschia closterium, Chaetoceros gracile, Chroomonas placoidea 1967, Isochrysis galbana 8701, and Alexandrium tamarense, was examined in a series of batch, semi-continuous and isolated co-cultures (U. pertusa and one microalgal species). The results of the experiments with co-cultures confirmed the secretion of allelopathic substances by U. pertusa. Growth was significantly (p<0.05) suppressed in each of the macroalgal species in batch co-cultures, nutrient replete semi-continuous co-cultures and isolated co-cultures. The percentage growth reduction varied between 42 and 100% in batch co-cultures, between 28 and 100% in semi-continuous co-cultures, and between 21 and 100% in isolated co-cultures. In addition, we examined the potential allelopathic effect of U. pertusa culture filtrate. The Ulva culture filtrate significantly (p<0.01) inhibited the growth of C. placoidea from 2 days after incubation until the end of the experiment, and it exhibited no inhibitory effect on the growth of the other microalgal species. This may suggest that the allelochemicals released from U. pertusa are rapidly degradable.The microalgae tested exhibited different (stimulatory, inhibitory or no) effects on the growth of U. pertusa. U. pertusa grew faster with H. akashiwo (+16%) and S. costatum (+9%), less with T. subcordiformis (−20%), N. closterium (−23%) and C. gracile (−30%), but was not significantly affected by I. galbana, A. tamarense and C. placoidea. The microalgae tested exhibited no clear allelopathic effects on U. pertusa.     

石灰性土壤中有效磷的电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定

方法采用0.5 mol/L NaHCO3浸提石灰性土壤中的有效磷,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定。研究了土壤滤液的酸化、颜色、浸提温度以及振荡时间等对浸提结果的影响,方法检出限(3s)为0.18 mg/kg,定量限(6s)为0.36 mg/kg,通过对石灰性土壤有效态标准物质GBW07413a、GBW07459和GBW07460的12次测定,方法准确度和精密度均小于4.5%。     

侧孢短芽孢杆菌溶藻活性代谢产物部分特性的研究

研究了不同因素对侧孢短芽孢杆菌（Brevibaci Uuslaterosporus）无菌滤液溶藻效果的影响,并对无菌滤液进行了紫外光谱扫描分析,探讨侧孢短芽孢杆菌溶藻活性代谢产物的物质特性、探究物质的组成成分．结果显示：无菌滤液分别经不同温度、pH值、蛋白酶和紫外照射时间处理后,均仍具有极为显著的溶藻能力（P〈0．01）,溶藻实验7d后颤藻（Oscillatoria sp．）叶绿素a质量浓度的平均下降率分别为：58．65％、63．88％、61．50％和62．61％,藻体干重的平均下降率分别为：39．77％、39．30％、36．49％和37．02％,表明溶藻活性代谢物质具有耐酸、耐碱、耐高温、抗蛋白酶水解、抗紫外辐射的特性;同时,分别在4、28℃环境中贮存28d的无菌滤液,始终保持着极高的溶藻活性,溶藻实验7d后颤藻叶绿素a质量浓度的平均下降率分别为：50．84％和60．39％,藻体干重的平均下降率分别为：37．82％和37．54％,说明该物质的结构极其稳定,在环境中可长久存在;另外,加热与未加热处理的无菌滤液的紫外光谱最大吸收峰都在290～300nm之间．分析表明,溶藻活性代谢产物极大程度上属于具有极强稳定性的肽类物质．     

利用尾矿砂制备镁铁氢氧化物实验研究

以金川铜镍矿尾矿酸浸液为原料,根据矿物沉淀pH值区间的不同,分步分离Fe、Mg的沉淀物以及有价金属Al、Co、Ni、Cu的混合沉淀物,进而制备具有高附加值的Fe(OH)3和Mg(OH)2,同时富集Co、Ni、Cu等有价金属。结果表明,当溶液pH值为3.8时可沉淀分离出主要成分为施威特曼石(schwertmannite)的氢氧化铁前驱体,pH值达到9.8时沉淀富集出Al、Co、Ni、Cu的混合氢氧化物,随即得到只含有Mg离子的溶液。在60℃条件下,将施威特曼石在pH值为12的NaOH溶液中老化36h,可以得到Fe(OH)3。同时,以NaOH调节只含有Mg离子的溶液至pH值为12.4时可获得Mg(OH)2。本研究为金属矿山尾矿的资源化综合利用提供了新的思路与方法。     

三角褐指藻滤液提取物对东海原甲藻和盐藻生理特性的影响

在实验室培养条件下,利用流式细胞仪从细胞生长、细胞大小、细胞膜完整性、酯酶活性等方面分别研究了三角褐指藻（Phaeodactylum triconutum）滤液提取物对东海原甲藻（Prorocentrum donghaiense）和盐藻（Dunaliella salina）为期6 d生物培养过程中生理特性的影响。结果表明,三角褐指藻滤液乙酸乙酯提取物对东海原甲藻表现出强烈的生长抑制作用,荧光检测显示,其能刺激细胞体积的增大,导致部分藻体细胞膜受损,酯酶活性在短时间内增强,随后受到显著抑制。而提取物对盐藻的生长抑制并不明显,盐藻细胞体积没有受到影响,细胞膜保持了高度完整,酯酶活性在第6天时才受到抑制作用。以上分析表明,东海原甲藻对三角褐指藻滤液乙酸乙酯提取物更加敏感,特殊的细胞内部结构特征有利于化感物质进入东海原甲藻的体内,直接导致藻细胞的死亡。化感物质引起的不同的生理响应中,酯酶活性指标具有更好的敏感性,是在环境压力下生物自我保护的一种应急方式。     

LG植物胶泥浆在煤田复杂地层钻探中的应用研究

在河南省驻马店汝南县林楼一正阳县张楼一带的煤田勘探中，第三、第四系地层厚达700m，经常遇到水敏性粘土、砂质粘土、砂质泥岩、粉砂岩和卵砾石等地层，易造成缩径、超径、坍塌和掉块等孔内复杂情况。结合该地区的地层特征，采用新型LG植物胶泥浆来解决钻探的“瓶颈”难题。应用实践表明，LG泥浆起到了显著的抑制缩径、超径和防塌作用，大大减少了孔内事故的发生，提高了钻进效率。