近断层脉冲型地震动作用下高层摩擦摆基础隔震结构的减震性能研究

近断层地震动中长周期、短持时和高能量的加速度脉冲将对高层摩擦摆基础隔震结构的减震性能产生不利影响,考虑土-结构相互作用（SSI效应）后的隔震结构将产生动力耦合效应,可能进一步放大隔震结构地震响应。为此,通过一幢框架-核心筒高层摩擦摆基础隔震结构的非线性地震响应分析,考察近断层脉冲型地震动作用下框架-核心筒摩擦摆基础隔震结构的层间位移角、楼层加速度和隔震层变形等响应规律,揭示隔震体系的损伤机理。基于集总参数SR （sway-rocking）模型,分析不同场地类别与不同地震动类型对隔震体系动力响应影响规律。结果表明:高层摩擦摆基础隔震结构在近断层脉冲型地震动作用下的减震效果相比普通地震动减震效果变差,楼层剪力、层间位移角和隔震层变形等超越普通地震动作用下的1.5倍;对于Ⅲ和Ⅳ类场地类别,考虑SSI效应使隔震结构的地震响应进一步放大,弹塑性层间位移角随着土质变软增大尤为明显。     

The role of hydrogeological setting in two Canadian peatlands investigated through 2D steady-state groundwater flow modelling

This study investigated how hydrogeological setting influences aquifer–peatland connections in slope and basin peatlands. Steady-state groundwater flow was simulated using Modflow on 2D transects for an esker slope peatland and for a basin peatland in southern Quebec (Canada). Simulations investigated how hydraulic heads and groundwater flow exported toward runoff from the peatland can be influenced by recharge, hydraulic properties, and heterogeneity. The slope peatland model was strongly dominated by horizontal flow from the esker. This suggests that slope peatlands are dependent on the hydrogeological conditions of the adjacent aquifer reservoir, but are resilient to hydrological changes. The basin peatland produced groundwater outflow to the surface aquifer. Lateral and vertical peat heterogeneity due to peat decomposition or compaction were identified as having a significant influence on fluxes. These results suggest that basin peatlands are more dependent on recharge conditions, and could be more susceptible to land use and climate changes.     

地震波双模态时变修正Kanai-Tajimi非平稳随机模型的改进及参数识别

在Vlachos等提出的双模态时变修正Kanai-Tajimi功率谱模型及其参数识别方法的基础上,利用杜修力等提出的Kanai-Tajimi功率谱滤波方法并引进遗传算法及二次优化识别技术进行改进,建立地震动时变功率谱的参数模型化方法。通过集集地震波的时变功率谱模型参数识别及模拟地震动算例,验证改进后的双模态时变修正Kanai-Tajimi功率谱模型的可行性和有效性,其方法可运用到重大工程结构抗震分析的设计地震动输入中。     

基于测震强震仪器健康状态数据的应用集成开发

首先介绍测震和强震仪器健康状态数据的集成方法,然后将方法应用于仪器健康状态分布式监视系统的服务器端设计,并通过综合应用Java EE、消息推送和WebGIS技术实现数据集成基础上的应用集成。系统具有功能实用、性能优异及界面友好的特点,在地震台网应用中有助于提高运维工作效率,同时可为测震强震台网业务系统的综合集成以及同类应用软件的开发提供典型示范。     

Mainshock-consistent ground motion record selection for aftershock sequences

In recent years, the additional risk posed to the built environment due to aftershock sequences and triggered events has been brought to attention, and several efforts have been directed towards developing fragility functions for structures in damaged conditions. Despite this rise of interest, a rather fundamental component for such tasks, namely that of aftershock ground motion record selection, has remained under-scrutinized. Herein, we propose a pragmatic procedure that can be applied for the selection of mainshock-aftershock ground motion pairs using consistent causal parameters and accounting for the correlation between their spectral accelerations. In addition, a structural analysis strategy that can be employed for the analytical derivation of damage-dependent fragility functions is outlined and presented through a case study. A more conventional back-to-back IDA analysis is also carried out in order to compare the derived damage-dependent fragility functions with the ones obtained with the proposed procedure. The results indicate that record selection remains a crucial factor even when assessing the structural vulnerability of damaged buildings, and should thus be treated cautiously.     

Seismic control of flexible rocking structures using inerters

Allowing flexible structures to uplift and rock during earthquakes can significantly reduce the force demands and residual displacements. However, such structures are still susceptible to large deformations and accelerations that can compromise their functionality. In this paper, we examine the dynamic response of elastic rocking oscillators and suggest that their lateral drifts and accelerations can be limited effectively by using inerter devices. To this end, we offer a detailed examination of the effects of structural flexibility on the efficiency of the proposed system. The analytical expressions governing the motion of deformable structures with base uplift are revisited to incorporate the effects of the supplemental rotational inertia. The proposed model is then used to study the structural demands of flexible rocking structures under coherent pulses as well as noncoherent real pulse-like ground motions. Our results show that combining rocking with inerters can be an efficient strategy to control the deformation and acceleration demands in uplifting flexible systems.     

长周期地震动输入下大型建筑剪力墙振动台试验

为优化处于长周期地震动输入下的大型建筑剪力墙结构,进行了振动台试验。分析普通地震动与长周期地震动波的区别,证明了长周期地震波具有显著长周期分量的特性。将某一高层酒店剪力墙作为研究案例,设计模拟实验台的构建流程与传感器布局,将建筑模型缩尺比例设置为1∶10。选择CA波、RG波、EL波作为实验用地震波,从位移与结构周期、层间剪力与位移比、易损性以及损失评估等方面对大型建筑剪力墙的抗震性能进行了评估。振动台试验结果表明,在位移相同的情况下,长周期地震波下的建筑极限承载力最小;在经历CA波、RG波、EL波后,模型的自振周期均发生变化,而EL波作用下模型的自振周期始终比基本周期略长;不同地震波下,X、Y向层间剪力变化基本趋于一致;CA波、EL波作用下,X向位移比较为接近,而剪力墙Y向上位移比在三种地震波作用下具有较大差异性;在长周期地震波作用下,大型建筑剪力墙损伤最为严重。     

山地与平原地形对地震动影响的对比分析

山地和平原地形在破坏性地震中对震害和地震动有很大影响,不同地形对地震动有不同的地形效应。为研究山地和平原地形对地震动的影响规律,基于集集地震后续M L6.6余震的强震观测记录,对位于不同地形且与震中位于同一直线上的四个强震台记录处理计算,从波形特征、频谱分析、加速度反应谱计算、与规范谱比较等方面进行对比分析,完成长周期地震动反应谱分布的计算。研究表明,山地地形对地震动的高频成分有地形放大效应,沉积平原对地震动的低频长周期部分有放大作用,并且长周期反应谱的峰值区域始终位于沉积平原中部。平原上强震记录产生的长周期放大系数谱已超出规范谱,沉积平原上长周期建筑的抗震设防应引起重视。     

融合GPS与强震仪数据实时监测瞬时地壳形变

针对强震仪与GPS各自的优点与缺陷,以2016年意大利Mw 6.0级地震为例,探讨了利用Kalman滤波融合GPS与强震仪数据实时监测中等强度地震引起的瞬时地壳形变的可行性与优势。Kalman滤波获取的位移波形以GPS数据作为整体趋势,细节部分用强震仪数据进行描述,融合后的位移波形精度较高,能够准确和细致地描述地震引起的地表动态形变;与此同时,Kalman滤波位移波形也能够准确地探测中等强度地震引起的同震永久阶跃;Kalman滤波位移波形的功率谱在低频部分与GPS位移波形的功率谱密度相似,在高频部分与强震仪位移波形的功率谱密度相似,表明Kalman滤波结合了GPS与强震仪各自的优点;交叉小波分析表明,Kalman滤波获取的位移波形与GPS、强震仪数据呈现较强的正相关性,小波相似值均在0.8以上。以上结果表明,融合GPS与强震仪数据可以结合二者各自的优点,弥补各自的缺陷;融合GPS与强震仪数据可以有效探测中等强度地震引起的瞬时地壳形变。     

特征法视觉SLAM逆深度滤波的三维重建

针对现有特征法视觉SLAM只能重建稀疏点云、非关键帧对地图点深度估计无贡献等问题,本文提出一种特征法视觉SLAM逆深度滤波的三维重建方法,可利用视频序列影像实时、增量式地构建相对稠密的场景结构.具体来说,设计了一种基于运动模型的关键帧追踪流程,能够提供精确的相对位姿关系;采用一种基于概率分布的逆深度滤波器,地图点通过多帧信息累积、更新得到,而不再由两帧三角化直接获取;提出一种基于特征法与直接法的后端混合优化框架,以及基于平差约束的地图点筛选策略,可以准确、高效解算相机位姿与场景结构.试验结果表明,与现有方法相比,本文方法具有更高的计算效率和位姿估计精度,而且能够重建出全局一致的较稠密点云地图.