水域静力触探设备的研制和应用

为详细了解崇明越江通道南港隧道段地层情况 ,设计要求提供长江水域静探资料。简介了我院水域静力触探设备的研制和应用情况     

微凸体对抛光岩石表面静摩擦系数影响试验研究

对典型岩石摩擦滑动试验装置进行了改进,以8种硅酸盐岩作为研究对象,在低正应力条件下对岩石摩擦滑动过程中的静摩擦系数进行了试验研究。对滑动表面形貌进行了表征,从统计学角度分析了粗糙度对静摩擦系数的影响,并基于滑动表面微凸体（凹凸体、微观粗糙度）对这一影响作进一步分析。研究表明：滑动面为抛光面时,千枚岩、石英岩、岩屑砂岩和石英砂岩的静摩擦系数为0.38～0.47,砾岩、含砾粗粒石英砂岩、中粒岩屑砂岩和中粒石英砂岩的静摩擦系数为0.83～1.07;在粗糙度中,轮廓最大谷深Rm和轮廓最大峰高Rp两个参数导致摩擦滑动中产生不同静摩擦系数,且随着这两个参数的增加,静摩擦系数呈指数规律增加;千枚岩、石英岩、岩屑砂岩和石英砂岩滑动表面的微凸体数量较少,砾岩、含砾粗粒石英砂岩、中粒岩屑砂岩和中粒石英砂岩滑动表面的微凸体数量较多,随着微凸体数量的增加岩石摩擦滑动过程中的静摩擦系数增加。     

Time-dependent behaviour of the rock mass

Summary The strength of intact rock and the rock mass is time-dependent. For intact rock experimental verification is available, for the rock mass the scale of time-dependence is a matter of judgement. Rock mass classifications do however emphasize the effect of time on tunnel stability. This paper examines the source of time-dependence in rocks and the rock mass and suggests a technique for estimating the long term strength. The long term strength of the rock mass is controlled by the time-dependent weakening of intact rock. Frictional resistance, a major source of rock mass strength, increases rather than decreases with time. Lifetime estimation for rocks can be accomplished phenomenologically or mechanistically. The first is a statistical process of wide applicability, the second is more restrictive in usage as its applies only to materials that suffer time-dependent strain (creep). Although the mechanistic route is more appealing, it has a major drawback as it concentrates on steady state creep. There is no strong evidence for steady state creep in rocks. The technique for long term prediction is developed through the analysis of the failure rate under constant load. The failure rate for a given load and environment is established from the frequency distribution of time-to-failure data as measured in static fatigue tests. As expected, the failure rate is strongly affected by both the loading and the environmental condition. The influence, however, is systematic and predictable.     

欠平衡钻井技术在煤层气勘探开发中的应用

分析了当前国内外开发利用煤层气的现状；指出中国煤层气气藏具有低压低渗、难脱附、驱动力不足和构造煤发育等重要特殊性，这种特殊性使常规煤层气开发技术有很大的局限性；提出了适合低压低煤层气藏特点的开发技术系列，包括欠平衡钻井与洞穴完井技术和欠平衡钻多分支水平井与洞穴技术。     

许昌麦岭水源地可开采量的水均衡法计算

根据许昌麦岭镇多年地下水动态观测资料,利用水均衡法原理,对水源地边界地质条件、补给与排泄的关系进行研究,对地下水允许开采量进行综合评价,提出水源地水量开采的建议。     

T型巷道中突出煤−瓦斯两相流动力学试验研究

为了进一步探究突出煤−瓦斯两相流在不同巷道布置方式下的动力学行为,利用多场耦合煤矿动力灾害大型物理模拟试验系统,开展了T型巷道布置方式下的煤与瓦斯突出试验,得出了两相流运移过程中冲击力与静压的演化特征。结果表明：直线主巷内冲击力随时间呈多峰值震荡衰减趋势,体现了突出过程的脉冲特性,且距突出口越近,冲击力震荡次数越多;分岔两侧支巷内冲击力突出前期呈现两种演化趋势,其一是迅速增大至峰值后缓慢下降,其二是缓慢增大后缓慢下降;距分岔结构中心左侧1 500 mm处出现了较大冲击力值,出现重度危险区域,而右侧则在距500 mm和1 900 mm处。利用突出运移动态图像将整个过程分为单相气流和两相流两个阶段,单相气流阶段中分岔后支巷的冲击力就迅速上升至峰值,而在两相流阶段分岔前主巷的冲击力上升至最高值,存在分岔后冲击力峰值高于分岔前的现象。突出过程中,巷道壁面上静压值总体偏低;静压随时间呈间歇式波动发展,且其峰值点自煤层由近及远呈先增大后减小的趋势;距突出口越远,直线主巷内静压出现峰值的时刻越滞后;分岔支巷内静压左右两侧的演化近似,随着时间推进,分岔结构前后静压衰减逐渐增大。     

2000—2020年兴都库什东部冰川区物质平衡变化及其影响因素

利用SRTM DEM和ASTER立体像对数据获取的DEM分析了2000—2020年兴都库什东部的冰川物质平衡,并结合CRU TS 4.04气象数据探讨了气温、降水、地形和冰湖对南、北冰川区物质平衡空间差异的影响。结果表明：2000—2020年兴都库什东部冰川区物质平衡为（-0.02±0.04） m w.e.·a^-1,冰川整体呈现微弱的负物质平衡状态。从坡向来看,南坡以正物质平衡冰川居多,北坡以负物质平衡冰川居多。从南、北两个子区域来看,北部冰川区物质平衡为（0.07±0.04） m w.e.·a^-1,南部冰川区物质平衡为（-0.32±0.04） m w.e.·a^-1。北部冰川面积规模大,所处海拔区间高,南部则相反。北部冰川区处于较高的海拔区间且冬季气温较低,导致夏季升温所产生的冰川消融的影响被削弱,冰川物质平衡的分布与降水分布在空间上具有一致性。南部冰川区出现的强烈物质亏损主要是由于夏季气温的急剧升高和冰川处于较低的海拔区间。南、北区域冰前湖和冰面湖面积不断扩大的空间差异性,也在一定程度上加剧了该地区冰川物质平衡的空间差异。     

开采沉陷土体变形与孔隙水压相互作用研究进展

本文通过实验、实测和理论分析研究了开采沉陷土体变形与孔隙水压力之间的相互作用,结果表明,随着开采的进行,土体的应力变形发生变化造成了超静孔隙水压力的产生和消散,反映在土体变形上出现随开采时间延续而发展的附加压缩和膨胀变形,这种压缩或膨胀在土体的不同部位相互叠加,有时还叠加了底部含水层水位下降引起的地面下沉。这些结果揭示了厚松散含水层地区开采沉陷特殊性的机理,对开采沉陷预测及水体下采煤具有重要意义。     

Effect of Multipoint Heterogeneity on Nonlinear Transformations for Geological Modeling： Porosity-Permeability Relations Revisited

An analysis of statistical expected values for transformations is performed in this study to quantify the effect of heterogeneity on spatial geological modeling and evaluations. Algebraic transformations are frequently applied to data from logging to allow for the modeling of geological properties. Transformations may be powers, products, and exponential operations which are commonly used in well-known relations (e.g., porosity-permeability transforms). The results of this study show that correct computations must account for residual transformation terms which arise due to lack of independence among heterogeneous geological properties. In the case of an exponential porosity-permeability transform, the values may be positive. This proves that a simple exponential model back-transformed from linear regression underestimates permeability. In the case of transformations involving two or more properties, residual terms may represent the contribution of heterogeneous components which occur when properties vary together, regardless of a pair-wise linear independence. A consequence of power- and product-transform models is that regression equationswithin those transformations need corrections via residual cumulants. A generalization of this result isthat transformations of multivariate spatial attributes require multiple-point random variable relations. This analysis provides practical solutions leading to a methodology for nonlinear modeling using correct back transformations in geology.