Data-moderate assessments of Cape monkfish Lophius vomerinus and west coast sole Austroglossus microlepis in Namibian waters

There is global interest in providing scientific advice on optimal harvesting of all commercially exploited fish stocks. Nevertheless, many commercially important stocks lack analytical assessments. Therefore, we evaluate a data-moderate stock assessment method: the stochastic surplus production model in continuous time (SPiCT). The method was applied to two Namibian stocks: (i) the data-rich Cape monkfish Lophius vomerinus, where results are compared to a new data-rich assessment using a state–space assessment model (SAM); and (ii) the data-moderate west coast sole Austroglossus microlepis, which is an important bycatch species in the Cape monkfish fishery, but currently unassessed. The information available to the data-moderate assessment is total commercial catch, commercial catch per unit effort (CPUE), and survey CPUE. SPiCT and SAM gave largely consistent estimates of relative fishing mortality (F/F_MSY) and relative exploitable biomass (B/B_MSY) for the Cape monkfish stock, although with some discrepancies. Differences in the biomass estimates between the two assessments suggest that further investigation is required to understand the cause, and that some caution is necessary when considering the biomass of the stock. SPiCT shows that the west coast sole may be overexploited, although the confidence bounds were too wide for a firm conclusion. Similarity in the estimates of F/F_MSY for Cape monkfish in recent years, using SPiCT relative to SAM, likewise indicates the suitability of SPiCT for managing west coast sole.     

SSR改正数更新频率及中断时间间隔对实时PPP的影响分析

实验模拟服务器端不同更新频率的SSR改正数对实时精密单点定位的影响,以及客户端改正数中断时长对实时精密单点定位的影响。结果表明,服务器端SSR改正数的播发频率控制在30 s以内可获得cm级定位精度;客户端的SSR改正数中断在150 s之内可获得cm级定位精度,改正数中断200 s可获得20 cm的定位精度,改正数中断300 s可获得亚m级定位精度。     

早前寒武纪古地热状态的构造环境意义

区域变质作用是在造山运动中地热流和动力联合作用的体现。在早前寒武纪的造山带中,随着地壳的缩短,古地热流向构造边界聚敛,形成由高温到低温的区域变质相带序列,它既指示古地热流运移的方向,又是构造边界的指向。古地热流值的高低同构造环境的性质有关,如陆内裂陷带的区域变质仅达绿片岩相,而陆缘活动带的则可高达角闪岩相。古地热流从活动带的边界向中心运移,具有向心性,随着构造层的深埋,构成地热槽,它的片段则表现为地热斜。识别这些古地热状态,可为构造环境属性的鉴定提供有力的依据     

丹江口水库的饵料生物资源及水体营养状态评价

根据1992年12月至1993年9月的调查,丹江口水库的饵料生物资源量为1．845×10~6t．其产鱼潜力为1．615×10~4t．是现有鱼产量（包括捕捞产量和不投饵网箱产量）的5倍左右．就水体营养状态而言,汉江库区为中营养型,丹江库区属贫一中营养型．文中还对丹江口水库的渔业发展和水质保护进行了讨论．     

基于主客观赋权模糊综合评价法的湖泊水生态系统健康评价

运用湖泊营养状态指数判断湖泊的富营养化状态,并根据湖泊的水质、沉积物和水生生物群落的现状和特点,运用主观赋权法中的层次分析法和客观赋权法中的熵权法结合模糊综合评价法,对长江中游地区江汉湖群37个湖泊的水生态系统进行健康状态评价.对湖泊富营养化的调查结果表明,海口湖处于中营养状态,18个湖泊处于富营养化状态,18个湖泊处于超富营养化状态.湖泊生态系统健康评价的研究结果表明,37个湖泊中,处于健康状况"优"的湖泊只有海口湖,处于健康状况"良"的湖泊有5个,分别为东西汊湖、花马湖、梁子湖、童家湖和涨渡湖,其余31个湖泊均处于健康状况"差"的状态.经过与湖泊营养状态指数的对照,本研究结果表明,由主观赋权的专家评分的层次分析法结合模糊综合评价法对江汉湖群湖泊水生态健康状态的评价效果相比客观赋权的熵权模糊综合评价法更贴合实际.     

代县地电阻率降雨影响及数值模拟

多年观测数据表明,代县地电阻率年变受降雨影响比较显著,通过褶积滤波法获取降雨量对视电阻率的影响值,定量分析降雨与视电阻率的相关性。在此基础上,利用代县地电阻率电测深数据及相关地质资料,建立三维有限元模型,模拟降雨对地电阻率的影响,进一步确定降雨对视电阻率影响的物理机制。结果表明:降雨是造成代县地电阻率年变的主要因素,且与视电阻率呈正相关性;降雨造成表层介质含水饱和度发生变化,使得相应电阻率下降近10倍,从而引起地电阻率年变幅度发生近1/10的改变。     

The enhanced element enrichment in the supercritical states of granite–pegmatite systems

In this paper, we show that supercritical fluids have a greater significance in the generation of pegmatites,and for ore-forming processes related to granites than is usually assumed. We show that the supercritical melt or fluid is a silicate phase in which volatiles; principally H_2O are completely miscible in all proportions at magmatic temperatures and pressures. This phase evolves from felsic melts and changes into hydrothermal fluids, and its unique properties are particularly important in sequestering and concentrating low abundance elements, such as metals. In our past research, we have focused on processes observed at upper crustal levels, however extensive work by us and other researchers have demonstrated that supercritical melt/fluids should be abundant in melting zones at deep-crustal levels too. We propose that these fluids may provide a connecting link between lower and upper crustal magmas,and a highly efficient transport mechanism for usually melt incompatible elements. In this paper, we explore the unique features of this fluid which allow the partitioning of variouselements and compounds, potentially up to extreme levels,and may explain various features both of mineralization and the magmas that produced them.     

De-aliased and de-noise Cadzow filtering for seismic data reconstruction

Cadzow filtering is currently considered as one of the most effective approaches for seismic data reconstruction. The basic version of Cadzow filtering first reorders each frequency slice of the seismic data (to be reconstructed) to a block Hankel/Toeplitz matrix, and then implements a rank-reduction operator, that is truncated singular value decomposition, to the Hankel/Toeplitz matrix. However, basic Cadzow filtering cannot deal with the problem of recovering regularly missing data (up-sampling) in the case of strongly aliased energy, because the regularly missing data will mix with signals in the singular spectrum. To solve this problem, it has been proposed to precondition the reconstruction of high-frequency components using information from the low-frequency components which are less aliased. In this paper, we further extend the de-aliased Cadzow filtering approach to reconstruct regularly sampled seismic traces from the noisy observed data by modifying the reinserting operation, in which the high-frequency components are projected onto the sub-space spanned by several singular vectors of the low-frequency components. At each iteration, the filtered data are weighted to the original data as a feedback. The weighting factor is related to the background noise level and changes with iteration. The feasibility of the proposed technique is validated via two-dimensional, three-dimensional and five-dimensional synthetic data examples, as well as two-dimensional post-stack and three-dimensional pre-stack field data examples. The results demonstrate that the proposed technique can effectively interpolate regularly sampled data and is robust in noisy environments.     

Amplitude-compensated Laplacian filtering of reverse time migration and its application

Reverse time migration is an advanced seismic migration imaging method. When the source wavefield and the receiver wavefield are cross-correlated, the cross-correlations of direct arrivals, backscattered waves and overturned waves will produce a lot of low-frequency noise, which will mask the final imaging results. Laplacian filtering, as a common method to suppress low-frequency noise, can adapt to any complex media, just adding a little computational cost. However, simple direct Laplacian filtering will destroy the characteristics of the useful signals. Therefore, the amplitude needs to be compensated before filtering when using the Laplacian filtering method. Zhang and Sun proposed an improved Laplacian filtering method and gave a simple calculation formula and explanation. This method can effectively suppress the low-frequency noise in reverse time migration while retaining the useful signal characteristics, but lacks detailed and strict mathematical derivation. Therefore, this paper gives a detailed and rigorous mathematical derivation of the amplitude-compensated Laplace filtering method from the point of view of amplitude-preserved filtering. The source wavelet is used instead of the source wavefield to compensate amplitude, just adding a little calculation cost. Finally, the amplitude-compensated Laplace filtering method is verified by two theoretical models and compared with the direct Laplacian filtering method.     

Historical land use as a driver of alternative states for stream form and function in forested mountain watersheds of the Southern Rocky Mountains

We demonstrate how land use can drive mountain streams in the Southern Rockies across a threshold to induce an alternative state of significantly reduced physical complexity of form and reduced ecological function. We evaluate field data from 28 stream reaches in relatively laterally unconfined valleys and unmanaged forest that is either old‐growth forest or naturally disturbed younger forest, and 19 stream reaches in managed forest with past land use. We evaluate potential differences in stream form, as reflected in channel planform, cross‐sectional geometry, and in‐stream wood loads, and stream function, as reflected in pool volume and storage of organic carbon. Field data indicate a threshold of differences in stream form and function between unmanaged and managed stream reaches, regardless of forest stand age, supporting our hypothesis that the legacy effects of past land use result in an alternative state of streams. Because physical complexity that increases stream retentiveness and habitat can maintain aquatic‐riparian ecosystem functions, the alternative physical state of streams in managed watersheds creates a physical template for an alternative ecological state with reduced pool volume, organic carbon storage, and ecosystem productivity. We recommend maintaining riparian forests that can supply large wood to streams as a stream restoration technique in historically forested stream segments. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.