Tissue Expression and Stock Variation of Isozymes of Stone Flounder （Kareius bicoloratus）

Tissue expression and stock variation of isozymes of stone flounder (Kareius bicoloratus) were analyzed with horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. For the fourteen enzymes assayed, 31 loci were recorded. The results indicated that all the isozymes ex- amined were obviously tissue-specific. The expressions of SOD*, GDH*, G3PDH-2* and ADH-2* were detected only in liver, SDH-1*, MDH-1* and ADH-1* only in muscle, and LDH-B* and LDH-C* only in eyes. In comparison, MDH-2*, GPI-3* and SDH-2* were detected in all tissues examined. Other loci examined were detected in a variety of tissues. Muscle and liver were se- lected to detect the isozyme variation of the two geographic stocks of Qingdao and Weihai, Shandong Province, China. The percent- ages of polymorphic loci (P0.99) were 29.17% and 25.00%, the observed heterozygosities (H0) were 0.028 ± 0.014 and 0.040 ± 0.019, and the expected heterozygosities (He) were 0.039 ± 0.017 and 0.052 ± 0.022 in Qingdao and Weihai stock, respectively. The coeffi- cient of gene differentiation (Fst) and genetic distance (D) between the two stocks was 0.012 and 0.0011, respectively, indicating that the genetic differentiation is low between them. Compared with other species of Pleuronectiformes, both the percentage of polymor- phic loci and the mean heterozygosity of K. bicoloratus were at a middle level.     

牙鲆选育F3代家系的建立及遗传效应分析

牙鲆是太平洋西岸海水养殖、捕捞和自然增殖的主要鱼类,但是人工养殖病害多、生长慢,针对这一问题,从2003年开始开展了牙鲆选择育种。本文利用筛选和培育的F1、F2代牙鲆家系核心群体,构建了F3代家系52个,在生长到196d时,对家系1 560尾鱼苗全长、体宽、体质量、全长日增量和体重日增量5个生长性状进行测量和计算,获得7 800个数据。采用"加性-显性"线性模型、最小范数二阶无偏估计法(MINQUE)对以上生长性状的边际平均值、加性方差分量、显性方差分量、随机方差分量、狭义遗传力、广义遗传力、亲本加性效应、杂交随机效应等遗传参数进行了评估。结果显示:1202、1206、1226和1211家系以上生长性状的边际平均值同时显著高于其他家系。以上5个生长性状的加性方差分量比率为(0.099±0.01)~(0.24±0.02),显性方差分量比率(0.30±0.02)~(0.31±0.02),随机方差分量比率(0.48±0.02)~(0.61±0.01),5个性状狭义遗传力0.099~0.24,广义遗传力0.38~0.54,以上遗传参数均达极显著性水平(P0.01)。综合比较18个亲本5个性状的加性效应预测值,发现F0917、F0908、F0905、F0915、F09125和KS(韩国牙鲆)亲本在5个性状上都具有极显著的正向效应(P0.01),其他亲本5个性状都不同程度的表现为显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)的负向加性效应。对42个杂交组合显性随机效应进行预测,D(2×6)、D(2×18)、D(3×4)、D(7×12)、D(7×14)和D(8×13)6个杂交组合在5个性状上都表现为极显著(P0.05)正效应,利用这些杂交组合建立家系将促进牙鲆以上5个性状的生长。本文研究结果,为牙鲆优良家系的建立及新品种的培育初步筛选出了性状优良的亲本、杂交组合和家系,同时为牙鲆进一步选择育种提供了理论和技术依据。     

产蛋白酶益生菌Y2-2和Y1-13对牙鲆幼鱼生长促进作用的研究

分别用含1.6×109～2.0×109 个/kg的产蛋白酶益生菌Y2 -2,Y1 -13,Y2 -2和Y1 -13的混合菌剂及枯草芽孢杆菌饲料投喂4月龄的牙鲆幼鱼30d ,检测的结果 :(1)体质量增长实验中,Y2 -2组体质量增长最大 ,为19.16g±0.38g(P<0.05) ,体质量增长率最高为153.16 % ;Y1 -13组与对照组差异不显著;(2)在盲囊和小肠后段 ,Y2 -2组蛋白酶活性分别为81.52U±3.10U(P<0.05)和63.20U±5.99U(P<0.05) ,酶活性增加率分别为10.8 %和21.1 %;在小肠前段和后段 ,Y2 -2组脂肪酶活性分别为255.06U±18.84U(P<0.05)和243.30U±15.00U(P<0.05) ,酶活性增加率为27.8 %和28.2 %;在小肠前段 ,枯草芽孢杆菌组淀粉酶活性为23.49U±0.96U(P<0.05) ,酶活性增加率为12.8 %;(3)Y2 -2组的肠道产蛋白酶菌数最高为6.87±0.37(P<0.05) ,增加52.5倍 ;Y1 -13组的乳酸菌数最高为3.74±0.36(P<0.05) ,增加7.6倍 ,其次为混合菌剂组 ;Y1 -13组有抑制弧菌作用 ,弧菌量降为3.91±0.37(P<0.05),抑制率为89 % ;实验组的肠道好养性异养菌数均与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

牙鲆胃肠道及肝脏GnRH受体的免疫组织化学研究

利用免疫组织化学ABC法，对牙Ping胃肠道及肝脏促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）受体的表达及分布特点进行了研究。结果显示：胃肠道粘膜上皮、腺上皮及肝细胞呈GnRH受体免疫反应阳性，阳性反应物分布在细胞膜和细胞质中，细胞核呈阴性反应。提示：牙Ping胃肠道上皮细胞及肝细胞能够表达GnRH受体，说明GnRH可能通过其受体影响牙Ping消化系统的功能。     

南方池养牙鲆全人工配合饲料饲养试验

采用全人工配合饲料(试验组饲料)与湿颗粒饲料 (对照组饲料 )对南方池养牙鲆进行为期 204d的饲养试验.结果表明,试验组与对照组牙鲆的尾相对增重率分别为 2 304%、2 297%,尾平均日增重差异不大,平均饲料系数分别为 1. 56、2. 58,牙鲆增重 1kg所需饲料成本分别为 10. 92元和 13. 55元,试验组比对照组节省饲料成本2. 63元 /kg鱼增重;试验组与对照组牙鲆平均内脏比 (分别为 6. 50%、6. 38% )、平均丰满度(分别为 1. 09、1. 07)、肌肉粗蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量等差异不显著(p>0. 05),10种必需氨基酸和 5种鲜味氨基酸的含量很接近.由此可见,南方池养牙鲆采用全人工配合饲料饲养是完全可行的.     

Effect of Industrial Effluents on Embryos of Lefteye Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Industrial effluents are one of the main pollutants leading to marine pollution, especially in the littorals with highly dense population and developed industries[1]. Dyeing, electroplating and pesticide effluents are all common industrial effluents, liable to enter inshore sea area. Generally, the supervision of effluents could be carried out through chemical analysis. The determined results, however, cannot directly reflect the effects of effluents on aquatic organisms. In this respect, bioa…     

养殖比目鱼生殖及其调控机理研究进展

综述了养殖比目鱼生殖及其调控机理研究的最新进展,包括雌鱼卵巢发育及其外源激素和光温调控,雄鱼精巢发育及其外源激素和光温调控,性别分化的温度决定机制,早期性别鉴定方法等.旨在为我国比目鱼的养殖和研究提供科学依据.