隧道挤压型变形与支护特性研究

针对挤压型大变形问题,通过木寨岭隧道科研试验与相关资料分析,得出挤压型大变形具有变形量大、持续时间长的特点,一般两侧为变形优势部位。测试数据表明,刚性支护中围岩压力、拱架应力、锚杆轴力值均较大,其中拱架应力值可能超过材料屈服强度,边墙锚杆较拱部锚杆作用明显,围岩压力与变形增量呈反比关系;在挤压型变形隧道中允许有控制性地释放围岩变形,能够减小支护结构上的围岩压力,有利于隧道结构的长期稳定。文中阐述了可让式支护原理,对可让式支护结构预留变形量进行初步预测,数值计算表明,采用刚性支护将位移控制在较小的范围内需要足够大的刚度,而可让式支护具有能够允许围岩一定程度的变形同时减小支护结构受力的优势,可在铁路隧道中推广使用。     

上海地区某高层建筑基坑开挖和沉桩环境效应浅析

该文就软土地区高层建筑基础工程施工中,基坑开挖和沉桩挤土产生的环境效应进行了简析,结合工程实例提出了相应的对策。     

Visco-Plastic Behaviour around Advancing Tunnels in Squeezing Rock

Summary  The visco-plastic behaviour of rocks plays a relevant role in the tunnelling works, especially for deep tunnels subjected to large initial stresses for which squeezing conditions may develop. A rheological model is discussed that accounts for visco-elastic (primary) and visco-plastic (secondary) contributions to rock creep. The effects of tertiary creep are included in the model by way of a gradual mechanical damage governed by the cumulated visco-plastic strains. The parameters of the intact rock are first identified based on laboratory test results presented in the literature. Then, after scaling them to those of the rock mass, the potential applicability of the model is tested through axisymmetric and plane strain finite element analyses of the full face excavation of a deep circular tunnel. The results are discussed with particular reference to the short term redistribution of stresses around the opening and to its convergence. The analyses show the relevant influence of tertiary creep on the tunnel closure. In addition, those based on an axisymmetric scheme turn out to be crucial for the correct long term prediction of the interaction between the rock mass and the supporting structure of the opening.     

Improved Longitudinal Displacement Profiles for Convergence Confinement Analysis of Deep Tunnels

Summary  Convergence-confinement analysis for tunneling is a standard approach for preliminary analysis of anticipated wall deformation and support design in squeezing ground. Whether this analysis is performed using analytical (closed form) solutions or with plane strain numerical models, a longitudinal displacement profile (LDP) is required to relate tunnel wall deformations at successive stages in the analysis to the actual physical location along the tunnel axis. This paper presents a new and robust formulation for the LDP calculation that takes into account the significant influence of ultimate (maximum) plastic radius. Even after all parameters are appropriately normalized, the LDP function varies with the size of the ultimate plastic zone. Larger yield zones take a relatively longer normalized distance to develop, requiring an appropriately calculated LDP. Failure to use the appropriate LDP can result in significant errors in the specification of appropriate installation distance (from the face) for tunnel support systems. Such errors are likely to result in failure of the temporary support. The equations presented here are readily incorporated into analytical solutions and a graphical template is provided for use with numerical modeling. Correspondence: M. S. Diederichs, Associate Professor, Queen’s University, Ontario, Canada     

Squeezing due to stress relaxation in foliated rock

Foliated rocks such as micaceous schists are particularly prone to anisotropic creep. This fact may cause severe problems of squeezing when driving deep tunnels, especially when the tunnel axis is not perpendicular to the foliation planes. A rational approach to the prediction and assessment of squeezing as a process in time and, therefore, also pertinent experimental results are still missing. Starting from a simple approach to anisotropic creep/relaxation we show its implications for tunnelling by means of numerical simulations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Nonlinear two-mode squeezing obtained by analysing two-mode exponential quadrature operators in entangled state representation

By analysing the properties of two-mode quadratures in an entangled state representation (ESR) we derive from ESR some complicated exponential quadrature operators for nonlinear two-mode squeezing, which directly leads to wave function of the nonlinear squeezed state in ESR.     

耗散环境下原子-库场相互作用系统中原子的偶极压缩特性

运用全量子理论并结合数值计算方法,研究了处于真空库和热库中原子系统的偶极压缩特性,讨论了原子的初态以及热库的平均光子数对原子偶极压缩特性的影响.研究表明:真空库中,初始处于基态和激发态的叠加态原子,当激发态的粒子布居概率少于基态时,原子的偶极压缩无限接近于零而永远不消失;反之,原子的偶极压缩将在有限的时间内消失;热库中,不管原子初始处于什么态,其偶极压缩都在有限的时间内消失,并且随着热库的平均光子数的增大而消失得越快.     

表面约束下的沉桩挤土效应数值模拟研究

采用数值方法对表面约束下的沉桩挤土效应进行了研究。以道路约束为例，讨论了不同宽度道路以及道路与浅基础共同约束时，对沉桩挤土引起的地表隆起及水平位移的影响，得出若干有参考价值的结论。     

深厚淤泥爆破挤淤堤坝沉降计算与分析

爆破挤淤技术在海洋围垦和潮汐电站等工程堤坝建设中发挥着重要作用,随着海洋工程的不断推进,堤坝修建需要处理淤泥(软基)厚度在逐渐加深,在超过12 m的深厚淤泥中往往采用“悬浮式”堤坝结构,对该种堤坝结构开展沉降计算与分析有着重要的意义和应用价值。以惠州港兴盛油库护岸工程为工程实例,分别采用传统沉降计算方法、基于多孔介质渗透理论的考虑浮力作用沉降计算方法及数值模拟方法,对其爆破挤淤形成的“悬浮式”堤坝开展沉降计算,并与实际监测结果对比验证,分析几种沉降计算方法的适用性和合理性。研究表明,传统沉降计算方法得到的沉降值比实际监测值明显偏大,不适合于“悬浮式”堤坝沉降计算;考虑浮力作用方法和数值模拟方法的计算结果较为接近实际监测值,可用于“悬浮式”堤坝沉降计算。     

考虑挤土效应的筒型基础沉放阻力数值分析及试验验证

鉴于传统的筒型基础沉放阻力计算公式或数值分析方法均没有考虑筒壁内外侧挤土效应的差异,对于窄深型或是带分舱板的宽浅型筒型基础,由于筒壁或者分舱板的约束作用,基础内侧挤土效应有时远大于外侧,用传统方式计算沉放阻力可能存在较大误差。为揭示筒壁内外侧挤土效应的差异情况,采用显式的任意拉格朗日-欧拉（ALE）方法,针对土体大变形和接触非线性等问题,建立了能够实现筒型基础动态、连续沉放过程的有限元模型,模拟出了筒壁内外侧挤土效应。数值分析结果表明,当入土深度与筒径比达1.6时,筒壁内侧压力可达外侧的10倍左右。通过分析下沉过程中筒壁内外侧土体位移及应力分布,阐述了筒壁内外侧挤土效应差异的机制。最后,提出了考虑挤土效应的筒型基础沉放阻力计算公式,计算与试验结果吻合良好,大大提高了筒型基础沉放阻力的计算可靠性。