表现局灶性磨玻璃密度肺癌的CT诊断与随访分析

目的:分析局灶性磨玻璃密度(f GGO)肺癌的CT表现,以提高诊断早期肺癌的准确率。方法:搜集经手术病理证实的、临床及CT资料完整的、表现为磨玻璃密度的肺癌病例34例,作回顾性分析,观察病灶大小、形态、边缘、密度及其他肺癌倾向征象,以及病灶在随访过程中的影像学变化。结果:34例患者中p GGO 7例,m GGO 27例,瘤肺界面清晰,病灶边缘可见分叶、毛刺,病灶内部可见空泡、支气管充气征,病灶周围可见胸膜凹陷征、血管集束征等。f GGO在随访过程中,病灶增大,密度增高,p GGO病灶内部出现实性成分,m GGO病灶内实性成分增多,病灶边缘出现分叶、毛刺,周围出现胸膜凹陷征、血管集束征等恶性征象。结论:f GGO肺癌的CT表现具有一定的特征性,CT随访对f GGO的良恶性鉴别具有较高的价值。      

非均质土体中盾构隧道开挖面支护力上限分析

基于对数螺旋破坏模式,考虑黏土的非均质特征,采用极限分析上限法推导了盾构隧道掌子面支护力计算公式,通过优化计算得到了不同条件下的最优上限解。采用该破坏模式与已有的模型试验、工程实例进行对比,验证了在非均质土中采用双对数螺旋极限分析上限法的适用性;同时详细分析了在土体不同参数条件下,隧道掌子面支护力、滑动面范围的变化趋势以及工程影响,结果显示在非均质土中,掌子面支护效率的主导因素是初始黏聚力与掌子面超前核心土,最后通过归一化处理得到了非均质土中极限支护力的设计推荐图,可为工程中初步确定盾构隧道掌子面支护压力提供理论依据。     

Galaxy concentrations are trimodal

We have analysed the distribution of inclination-corrected galaxy concentrations in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We find that unlike most galaxy properties, which are distributed bimodally, the distribution of concentrations is trimodal: it exhibits three distinct peaks. The newly discovered intermediate peak, which consists of early-type spirals and lenticulars, may contain ∼60 per cent of the number density and ∼50 per cent of the luminosity density of  ^0.1 M_r < −17  galaxies in the local universe. These galaxies are generally red and quiescent, although the distribution contains a tail of blue star-forming galaxies and also shows evidence of dust. The intermediate-type galaxies have higher apparent ellipticities than either disc or elliptical galaxies, most likely because some of the face-on intermediate types are misidentified as ellipticals. Their physical half-light radii are smaller than the radii of either the disc or elliptical galaxies, which may be evidence that they form from disc fading. The existence of a distinct peak in parameter space associated with early-type spiral galaxies and lenticulars implies that they have a distinct formation mechanism and are not simply the smooth transition between disc-dominated and spheroid-dominated galaxies.     

Tracing spiral density waves in M81

We use Spitzer IRAC 3.6 and 4.5 μm near-infrared data from the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey (SINGS), optical B, V and I and Two-Micron All-Sky Survey K _s-band data to produce mass surface density maps of M81. The IRAC 3.6- and 4.5-μm data, whilst dominated by emission from old stellar populations, are corrected for small-scale contamination by young stars and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission. The I -band data are used to produce a mass surface density map by a   B − V   colour correction, following the method of Bell and de Jong. We fit a bulge and exponential disc to each mass map, and subtract these components to reveal the non-axisymmetric mass surface density. From the residual mass maps, we are able to extract the amplitude and phase of the density wave, using azimuthal profiles. The response of the gas is observed via dust emission in the 8-μm IRAC band, allowing a comparison between the phase of the stellar density wave and gas shock. The relationship between this angular offset and radius suggests that the spiral structure is reasonably long-lived and allows the position of corotation to be determined.     

Red giant clump in the Tycho-2 catalogue

The Tycho-2 proper motions and Tycho-2 and 2MASS photometry are used to select 97348 red giant clump (RGC) stars. The interstellar extinction and photometric distance are calculated for each of the stars. The selected stars are shown to form a selection-unbiased sample of RGC stars within about 350 pc of the Sun with the addition of more distant stars. The distribution of the selected stars in space and their motion are consistent with the assumption that the RGC contains Galactic disk stars with various ages and metallicities, including a significant fraction of stars younger than 1 Gyr with masses of more than 2M _⊙. These young stars show differences of their statistical characteristics from those of older RGC stars, including differences in the variations of their distribution density with distance from the Galactic plane and in the dispersion of their velocities found using radial velocities and proper motions. The Sun has been found to rise above the Galactic plane by 13 ± 1 pc. The distribution density of the stars under consideration in space is probably determined by the Local Spiral Arm and the distribution of absorbing matter in the plane of the Gould Belt.     

埋地钢塑复合缠绕管管土共同作用数值分析

随着中国污水处理事业的不断发展,钢塑复合缠绕管作为传统水泥排水管的替代产品,具有综合造价低、施工方便、环保效益好、耐久性高等诸多优点,近年来在国内各大城市的污水管网建设中得到了较快地推广。但是作为一种新型结构,这种管道应用的时间尚不长,其管土共同作用机理尚需要人们进行深入研究。本文采用有限元方法对钢塑复合缠绕管的管土共同作用机理进行数值分析,从理论上得出了埋地钢塑复合缠绕管受力后的强度变形特征,可供相关的工程实践参考     

螺旋CT MPR重建对退行性腰椎管狭窄的诊断价值及临床意义

目的:探讨螺旋CT常规椎间盘扫描,结合兴趣区多平面图像重建对退行性腰椎管狭窄的诊断价值及临床意义.方法:对有临床症状且符合退行性腰椎管狭窄诊断的190例患者CT资料进行回顾性分析.结果:退行性椎管狭窄CT表现为椎间盘膨出/突出、椎体后缘骨质增生、椎体滑脱,椎小关节肥大、黄韧带肥厚和后纵韧带骨化至中央椎管矢状前后径及横径变小,侧隐窝、椎间孔变窄.190例患者中以Ⅱ、Ⅲ型狭窄为主,椎管狭窄的部位主要分布在L4～L5及L5～SI.MPR图像直观的显示了脱出的椎间盘与神经根的位置关系,以及椎体、小关节增生所致椎管狭窄失状及冠状影像表现.结论:螺旋CT轴位扫描结合兴趣区MPR重建对退行性椎管狭窄的发现、评价及病因诊断方面具有很高的敏感性,对临床治疗计划的制定有重要的参考价值.     

DebakeyⅠ型与ⅢB型主动脉夹层真假腔判别的定量分析

目的：本研究通过对主动脉夹层真假腔绝对面积、相对面积与平均衰减值的测量和分析明确其在判别真假腔中的应用价值。方法：回顾性分析2011年5月～2013年11月因急性胸痛就诊的可疑主动脉夹层患者65例,中位年龄54岁,其中男性49例,女性16例,符合纳入标准与排除标准。所选患者均进行标准主动脉CTA检查。测量多平面数据,测量指标包括真假腔绝对面积（并通过计算得出相对面积）和平均衰减值。比较真假腔绝对面积、相对面积以及其平均衰减值。绘制ROC曲线求出真假腔绝对面积、相对面积与平均衰减值判别真假腔的曲线下面积。结果：平均真腔绝对面积为（656．30±386．21）mm^2,平均假腔绝对面积为（951．21±464．32）mm^2,经配对样本t检验,t=-49．318,P=0．000,差异具有统计学意义;平均真腔相对面积为0．33±0．14,平均假腔相对面积为0．67±0．14,经配对样本t检验,t=-34．235,P=0．000,差异具有统计学意义;平均真腔衰减值为（234．02±83．53）Hu,平均假腔衰减值为（238．54±87．40）Hu,经配对样本t检验,t=-0．914,P=0．361,差异无统计学意义;真假腔绝对面积、相对面积与平均衰减值ROC曲线示曲线下面积分别为0．846、0．950与0．525,P值为0．000、0．000、0．092。结论：通过相对面积进行真假腔识别具有极高的灵敏度与特异度,同时结合影像学征象可以准确判别。     

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