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101.
Jiongxin Xu 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2004,29(5):645-657
A comparison has been made between the hydraulic geometry of sand‐ and gravel‐bed rivers, based on data from alluvial rivers around the world. The results indicate a signi?cant difference in hydraulic geometry among sand‐ and gravel‐bed rivers with different channel patterns. On this basis, some diagrams for discrimination of meandering and braided channel patterns have been established. The relationships between channel width and water discharge, between channel depth and water discharge, between width–depth ratio and water discharge and between channel slope and water discharge can all be used for channel pattern discrimination. The relationship between channel width and channel depth can also be used for channel pattern discrimination. However, the accuracy of these relationships for channel pattern discrimination varies, and the depth–discharge relationship is a better discriminator of pattern type than the classic slope–discharge function. The cause for this difference has been explained qualitatively. To predict the development of channel patterns under different natural conditions, the pattern discriminator should be searched on the basis of independent or at least semi‐independent variables. The relationship between stream power and bed material grain size can be used to discriminate channel patterns, which shows a better result than the discriminator using the slope–discharge relationship. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
102.
青藏高原影响亚洲夏季气候研究的最新进展 总被引:40,自引:6,他引:40
文中回顾了近 10a来吴国雄等在青藏高原影响亚洲夏季气候研究方面的最新进展。通过分析东西风交界面的演变证明 ,由于青藏高原的春季加热 ,亚洲季风区对流层低层冬季盛行偏东风转变为夏季偏西南风最早发生在孟加拉湾东部 ,与其相伴随的激烈对流降水出现在其东面。因此孟加拉湾东部至中印半岛西部是亚洲季风最早爆发的地区。同时也指出盛夏伊朗高原和青藏高原加热所激发的同相环流嵌套在欧亚大陆尺度的热力环流中 ,从而加强了东亚的夏季风 ,加剧了中西亚的干旱 ;并通过其所激发的波动对夏季东亚的气候格局产生重要影响。文中还比较了夏季南亚高压的伊朗模态和青藏模态性质的异同及其对亚洲夏季降水异常分布的不同影响。 相似文献
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105.
基于不同退耕模式的黄土丘陵区生态环境建设地域分异特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
退耕是目前国家关于黄土丘陵区生态环境建设的主体措施。在总结"赈济退耕25"、"赈济退耕15"和"梯田退耕"各模式基本特点的基础上,根据土地利用、耕地坡度分级数据、农业人口数据和不同模式生态环境建设标准,分别计算了黄土丘陵区各县(市、区)退耕25°和15°以上坡耕地、新建园地、新修梯田、林草植被恢复的面积以及相应的投资需求额度。在构建并采用生态环境建设指数、政策性补贴资金密度指数和投资需求密度指数等指标,对55个县(市、区)进行类型划分的基础上,分析了黄土丘陵区不同退耕模式下的生态环境建设规模及投资需求地域分异特征。 相似文献
106.
QIAN Yibing WU Zhaoning ZHANG Liyun SHI Qingdong JIANG Jin TANG Lisong 《地理学报(英文版)》2004,14(4):447-455
1IntroductionStudy on the interrelationship between vegetation patterns and their habitat heterogeneity is important to recover and rehabilitate the desert vegetation, stabilize the desert ecosystem and prevent desert expansion. Domestic and foreign researchers have carried out many studies on this topic (Archer etal., 2002; Bolling etal., 2000; Chen etal., 2003; Dasti etal., 1994; Gu etal., 2002, Li etal., 2001; Li etal., 2001; Liang etal., 2003), which have used and refined statistic tech… 相似文献
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108.
本文从对外资企业调查的角度出发,力图分析影响外商在华投资地域差异性的主要因素。在探讨外商投资地域特征的基础上,从三个层次研究了外资在华分布的不平衡性对我国经济发展格局起了再次塑造作用。以优化经济发展软环境为契机,对我国未来利用外资发展区域经济提供了科学的政策和建议。 相似文献
109.
Anabranching is characteristic of a number of rivers in diverse environmental settings worldwide, but has only infrequently been described from bedrock-influenced rivers. A prime example of a mixed bedrock-alluvial anabranching river is provided by a 150-km long reach of the Orange River above Augrabies Falls, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Here, the perennial Orange flows through arid terrain consisting mainly of Precambrian granites and gneisses, and the river has preferentially eroded bedrock joints, fractures and foliations to form multiple channels which divide around numerous, large (up to 15 km long and 2 km wide), stable islands formed of alluvium and/or bedrock. Significant local variations in channel-bed gradient occur along the river, which strongly control anabranching style through an influence on local sediment budgets. In relatively long (>10 km), lower gradient reaches (<0.0013) within the anabranching reach, sediment supply exceeds local transport capacity, bedrock usually only crops out in channel beds, and channels divide around alluvial islands which are formed by accretion in the lee of bedrock outcrop or at the junction with ephemeral tributaries. Riparian vegetation probably plays a key role in the survival and growth of these islands by increasing flow roughness, inducing deposition, and stabilising the sediments. Less commonly, channels may form by eroding into once-continuous island or floodplain surfaces. In shorter (<10 km), higher gradient reaches (>0.0013) within the anabranching reach, local transport capacity exceeds sediment supply, bedrock crops out extensively, and channels flow over an irregular bedrock pavement or divide around rocky islands. Channel incision into bedrock probably occurs mainly by abrasion, with the general absence of boulder bedforms suggesting that hydraulic plucking is relatively unimportant in this setting. Mixed bedrock-alluvial anabranching also occurs in a number of other rivers worldwide, and appears to be a stable and often long-lived river pattern adjusted to a number of factors commonly acting in combination: (1) jointed/fractured granitoid rock outcrop; (2) erosion-resistant banks and islands; (3) locally variable channel-bed gradients; (4) variable flow regimes. 相似文献
110.
山西临汾盆地近期地震活动性分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对临汾盆地内近期地震活动频度和地震活动图像的分析,认为未来中强地震最有可能发生在近期地震活动较稀少的地段,能量积累的优势层位为5km~15km。 相似文献