Oxygen and helium abundances in Galactic H ii regions – I. Observations

Absolute integrated line fluxes of H  ii regions have been measured using a Fabry–Perot spectrophotometer. We describe the observations and calibration procedures. Fluxes are given for 36 H  ii regions with Galactocentric distances ranging from 6.6 to 17.7 kpc. Several emission lines have been measured, mainly [O  ii ] λλ 3726 and 3629, H β , [O  iii ] λ 5007, He  i λ 5876 and H α . The very faint [O  iii ] λ 4363 line has been measured in six regions, allowing a direct determination of the electron temperature. New photometric distances have been derived based on data from the literature. A discussion of these results in terms of extinction, electron density and temperature, and oxygen and helium abundances is given in Paper II.     

Regional differences of border geo-cities in China and the surrounding countries

As the improvement of international status and the implementation of China’s neighboring diplomacy, the development of border regions and the security of border cities, as well as their spatial structure and regional differences are gaining more attention from academic circle. Based on the interdisciplinary perspectives of urban geography, regional economics and geopolitics, this paper explores the regional differences of border geo-cities in China and the surrounding countries with the help of remote sensing information acquisition and ArcGIS spatial analysis. Three primary results are found as follows: (1) The border geo-cities in China and surrounding countries are divided into five geographical regions: geo-cities in South China Sea, geo-cities in Southeast Asia, geo-cities in South Asia, geo-cities in Central Asia and geo-cities in Northeast Asia. (2) In the spatial structure system of China’s border geo-cities, the importance of geo-cities in five major regions is fairly different. In terms of the security and economic development, the rank of priority is geo-cities in North-east Asia, geo-cities in South China Sea, geo-cities in Central Asia, geo-cities in South Asia, geo-cities in Southeast Asia. (3) Considering China’s geo-setting for the development of border geo-cities, the east region is significantly better than the west, and the north region is slightly better than the south.     

中国干旱-半干旱区当代气候变化

本文在作者近年有关研究工作的基础上，结合最新资料和有关成果，对我国干旱－半干旱区当代气候变化做了比较系统的分析。结果表明，中国干旱－半干旱区气候变化与全国和北半球气候变化相比有一定的特点。冬夏温度变化不同，干旱－半干旱区降水变化趋势不同。     

Relationship between the common climatic parameters and average drought frequency

The parameters commonly considered to define climate are the mean annual precipitation and mean annual potential evapotranspiration. In this study an attempt has been made to develop a relationship between average drought frequency and the evapotranspiration/precipitation ratio for the arid, semi‐arid and subhumid climatic regions of India. The climatic regions are delineated using two climatic indices: namely (i) the ratio of mean annual precipitation (P_a) to global terrestrial mean annual precipitation (P_g), and (ii) the ratio of mean annual potential evapotranspiration (E_p) to mean annual precipitation (P_a). It was noted that the average drought frequency (i e., year^?1.) decreases gradually from dry to wet regions. The return period varies from 2 to 3 years in the arid regions (12>E_p/P_a≥5), 3 to 5 years in semi‐arid regions (5>E_p/P_a≥2), and 5 to 8 years in sub‐humid regions (2>E_p/P_a≥3/4). Another relationship was developed between the average frequency of drought occurrence and the ratio of mean annual deficit to mean annual precipitation, (E_p?P_a)/P_a. The results have been compared with the drought experiences documented for other regions of the world. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Oscillatory propagation of an ionization-shock front

Based on numerical simulations, we show that the oscillatory propagation of a plane-parallel ionization-shock front is possible for a typical dependence of the interstellar-medium cooling function on density and temperature. In this case, the oscillation amplitude of the shock position in the presence of an ionization front can be several times larger than its value for a single shock wave. The variations in neutral and ionized gas velocities attributable to oscillations are comparable in order of magnitude and agree with the random velocities observed in H II regions.     

A study of the ultra-compact H-II region NGC 7538-IRS

From an analysis of VLBI observations of H₂CO and OH maser emission in the direction of the ultra-conpact HII region NGC 7538-IRS 1, the following model is proposed: The HII region is surrounded by a thick dusty shell which breaks open at the two poles and there is a bipolar outflow. Around it is a rotating gas/dust ring and matter falls from the ring onto the surface of the HII region. The whole system, HII region and the ring, moves with a sight line velocity of −61.0 km/s inside a large cloud which moves with a sight line velocity of −57 km/s. The H₂CO and OH masers occur near the poles of the HII region and within 0.2 R_HII of the surface. The positions of the H₂O maser and other line sources are discussed in term of this model.     

黑河上游高寒山区集水面积阈值确定方法探讨

针对我国高寒山区河流的最佳集水面积阈值确定的问题, 选取黑河上游山区为研究区, 利用SWAT(soil and water assessment tool)模型的流域离散模块(watershed delineator)基于DEM提取河网, 探讨河网总长度与集水面积阈值关系曲线法和适度指数法在高寒山区的适用性. 结果表明: 两种方法所对应的最佳集水面积阈值相差较大, 所提取的河网难以反映河流真实情况, 效果较差, 主要原因是上述方法仅考虑流域面积、地形和几何特征的影响, 缺乏对降水和其他下垫面因子的综合考虑. 相较而言, 利用蓝线河网推求最佳集水面积的适度指数法的效果较好. 在高寒山区进行河网提取时, 应综合考虑影响河网发育的各个因素, 在流域分区的基础上, 通过不同集水面积阈值实验, 获取更高精度的数字河网, 改善分布式水文模型的空间离散效果.     

中国海域及邻区基于BP神经网络的矩震级转换模型

海域地震对我国海洋资源开发和沿海地区的经济建设形成严重威胁,开展相关地震活动性研究的重要前提是编译我国海域及邻区的地震目录。我国常用的震级标度为面波震级(MS),而国际上最新的地震活动模型多采用矩震级(MW),因此在应用这些模型时需要拟合面波震级与矩震级之间的转换关系。本文以中国海域及邻区为研究区,收集了1988—2020年中国地震台网的面波震级和全球矩心矩张量(GCMT)项目的矩震级数据,从中提取年份、深度、经度、纬度、面波震级作为影响因子,以实际记录的矩震级值作为标记,训练BP神经网络建立以GCMT的矩震级为目标的震级转换模型。同时,使用最小二乘回归和正交回归建立线性模型作为对比。结果显示,最小二乘回归和正交回归的平均绝对误差和均方根误差比BP神经网络高40%左右。此外,BP神经网络的残差绝对值更小、分布更集中。